BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG ------------------------------- KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP NGÀNH : NGÔN NGỮ ANH – NHẬT Sinh viên : LÊ MINH TIẾN Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TH.S BÙI THỊ MAI ANH HẢI PHÒNG – 2024 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG ----------------------------------- A JAPANESE - AMERICAN CROSS CULTURAL STUDY ON EXPRESSING GRATITUDE KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC HỆ CHÍNH QUY NGÀNH: NGÔN NGỮ ANH - NHẬT Sinh viên: LÊ MINH TIẾN Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TH.S BÙI THỊ MAI ANH HẢI PHÒNG – 2024 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢN LÝ VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ HẢI PHÒNG -------------------------------------- NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP Sinh viên: LÊ MINH TIẾN Mã SV: 1812753010 Lớp : NA2201N Ngành : NGÔN NGỮ ANH - NHẬT Tên đề tài: A Japanese - American Cross Cultural Study on Expressing Gratitude. NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI 1. Nội dung và các yêu cầu cần giải quyết trong nhiệm vụ đề tài tốt nghiệp …………………………………………………………………………………. Các tài liệu, số liệu cần thiết ………………………………………………………………………………….
Địa điểm thực tập tốt nghiệp Trung tâm Anh ngữ MyEnglish CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP Họ và tên : BÙI THỊ MAI ANH Học hàm, học vị : Thạc sĩ Cơ quan công tác : Trường Đại học Quản lý và Công nghệ Hải Phòng Nội dung hướng dẫn: A Japanese - American Cross Cultural Study on Expressing Gratitude Đề tài tốt nghiệp được giao ngày 18 tháng 10 năm 2023 Yêu cầu phải hoàn thành xong trước ngày 18 tháng 1 năm 2024 Đã nhận nhiệm vụ ĐTTN Đã giao nhiệm vụ ĐTTN Sinh viên Giảng viên hướng dẫn Hải Phòng, ngày tháng năm 2024 XÁC NHẬN CỦA KHOA CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN TỐT NGHIỆP Họ và tên giảng viên: Bùi Thị Mai Anh Đơn vị công tác: Khoa Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Quản lý Công nghệ Hải Phòng Họ và tên sinh viên: Lê Minh Tiến Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Nhật Nội dung hướng dẫn: A Japanese - American Cross Cultural Study on Expressing Gratitude 1. Tinh thần thái độ của sinh viên trong quá trình làm đề tài tốt nghiệp. Đánh giá chất lượng của đồ án/khóa luận (so với nội dung yêu cầu đã đề ra trong nhiệm vụ Đ.N trên các mặt lý luận, thực tiễn, tính toán số liệu…). Ý kiến của giảng viên hướng dẫn tốt nghiệp Được bảo vệ Không được bảo vệ Điểm hướng dẫn Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm.
Giảng viên hướng dẫn (Ký và ghi rõ họ tên) CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN CHẤM PHẢN BIỆN Họ và tên giảng viên:. Họ và tên sinh viên: Lê Minh Tiến Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Nhật Đề tài tốt nghiệp: A Japanese - American Cross Cultural Study on Expressing Gratitude. Phần nhận xét của giáo viên chấm phản biện. Những mặt còn hạn chế.
Ý kiến của giảng viên chấm phản biện Được bảo vệ Không được bảo vệ Điểm hướng dẫn Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm. Giảng viên hướng dẫn (Ký và ghi rõ họ tên) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During the process of completing this graduation paper, I have received immense support, assistance, guidance, encouragement, and valuable ideas from my teachers, family, and friends. First and foremost, I extend my heartfelt gratitude to the dedicated teachers at Hai Phong University of Management and Technology who have imparted knowledge and wisdom throughout my academic journey. Special appreciation goes to Ms.
Bui Thi Mai Anh M.A for her unwavering dedication and support during the research and implementation of this thesis. I also want to express sincere thanks to my family and friends for their continuous encouragement and support, which played a crucial role in the successful completion of this research thesis. Despite the guidance from teachers, support from friends, and my personal efforts, errors in content, presentation, and structure may still be present. Therefore, I welcome the understanding and suggestions of teachers and readers to enhance the quality of this work.
Hai Phong, January, 2024 Student Lê Minh Tiến i ABSTRACT The current research constitutes an exploratory cross-cultural investigation into the pragmatic evolution of gratitude expressions across varied situations. As a speech act, the expression of gratitude encompasses diverse functions and meanings that exhibit variations across societies. Societal norms, values, contextual appropriateness, and considerations of when, how, why, and to whom gratitude is expressed contribute to the distinct ways in which each society employs these expressions. Cultural disparities between Japan and America in the articulation of gratitude become apparent, reflecting nuances influenced by the specific situations encountered within each respective culture.
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. ii PART I: INTRODUCTION. The aim of the study. The scope of the study.
The method of the study. Design of the study. 3 PART II: DEVELOPMENT. 5 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND.
Brief Overview on the Culture of Thanking in Japan and America. Brief Overview of Culture of Thanking in Japan. Brief Overview of Culture of Thanking in America. Cross-Cultural Analysis of Gratitude Expressions in Japan and the United States.
Speech Acts of Thanking. Speech Acts of Thanking. Coulmas’ Frameworks of Expressing Gratitude and Previous Studies. Utilizing the Discourse Completion Task.
Non-Verbal Expressions of Gratitude. Body Language for Expressing Gratitude. Expressing Gratitude through Actions. Cultural Manifestations of Gratitude: a Comparative Analysis between Japan and America.
22 CHAPTER 2:DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS. Thank-you Expressions:. Gratitude expressions in Japanese. Gratitude Expressions in American.
Gender differences between Japanese and Americans. 36 PART III : CONCLUSION. Limitation of the study. Suggestions for Further Studies.
Rationale The reasons for conducting the “A Japanese - American Cross Cultural Study on Expressing Gratitude” are grounded in the awareness of the significant influence that cultural subtleties wield over expressions of gratitude. Gratitude, as a universal emotion, takes on unique forms and expressions in different cultural settings. Recognizing the variations in how Japanese and American cultures convey gratitude is essential for fostering cross-cultural understanding and effective communication. The study acknowledges that expressions of gratitude are intricately tied to cultural norms, societal expectations, and interpersonal dynamics.
Given the distinct cultural backgrounds of Japan and America, it is anticipated that individuals from these cultures will exhibit diverse patterns in expressing gratitude. Investigating these cultural nuances not only enhances our understanding of cross- cultural communication but also offers practical insights for individuals navigating diverse cultural environments. Moreover, the study acknowledges the potential impact of cultural perspectives on gratitude in shaping interpersonal relationships, contributing to a broader discourse on cultural competence. By exploring the cross-cultural dimensions of expressing gratitude, the research aims to bridge gaps in understanding, promote cultural sensitivity, and improve communication effectiveness between Japanese and American communities.
In summary, the rationale behind this study is rooted in the belief that unraveling the cultural intricacies of expressing gratitude will not only advance scholarly knowledge but also foster a more harmonious and empathetic global community. The aim of the study Gratitude in many situations is expressed by people in many different ways and will be expressed more clearly the way they do in Japan and America. It is of interest to study the cultural differences in expressing thanks between Japanese and Americans. This study focuses on the perceptions and interpretations of both indigenous people, especially the younger generation, on how they express gratitude in different thank you situations.
Young people have mature abilities in communication, reading, and writing, so we chose university students as the appropriate subjects for this study. In young people, those aspects of language become more complex with age (Owens Jr. Since this research mainly aims to observe the expressions used by the younger generation of two different cultures in conveying gratitude, this thesis specifically focuses on the expressions of gratitude. Used by university students.
This will be representative of younger generations in both Asian cultures and the Western world in different types of gratitude situations and why they use the words they do. To achieve the purpose of this study, the following questions must be answered to guide the research: ➢ How do individuals from both cultural groups express gratitude in various situations, uncovering shared patterns and distinctions in communication? ➢ Is there any evidence of gender in the Japanese and American cultures of gratitude? 2 3. The scope of the study The report covers the scope of the project: Time: We conducted this survey from October 2023 to December 2023 Space: Data were collected through a discourse completion task (DCT) questionnaire designed based on Coulmas’s (1981) classification of acknowledgments. Participants: The subjects are Japanese and American university students traveling and studying in Vietnam.
Through direct and online surveys posted online, we received 26 respondents, in which 10 Japanese speakers and 16 American English speakers participated. Descriptive and test analyzes were conducted to identify differences in gratitude expressions that distinguish the behavior of Japanese and English speakers toward different gratitude situations. The method of the study With the purpose of clarifying how Japanese and Americans express gratitude, to complete the research, the following methods were inplenmented : - Consult the opinions and views of the above subject lecturers at Hai Phong University of Management and Technology. - Research information on reference websites.
- Conduct a survey of American and Japanese students in Vietnam to collect data through: ➢ Questionnaire: make a list of questions along with open questions including information needed for the report. ➢ Survey and interview: Approach the subject to be surveyed through many sources and then interview using the available list of questions. From the collected data, statistics are compiled. The data analysis method used is drawing a pie chart.
Design of the study The report is divided into three main chapters: 3 The first part is Introduction, which covers the rationale, aim, scope, methodology, and design of the study. The second part is the Development, consisting of two chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical Background. This chapter focuses on presenting the Gratitude Culture in Japan and America. The objective is to understand how both nations express gratitude in various situations.
Chapter 2: Data Analysis and Results. This chapter presents the outcomes of the data study. Firstly, it analyzes expressions of “Thank you,” followed by examining gender differences in how the Japanese and Americans express gratitude. Detailed results and noteworthy findings from the research are also discussed.
Finally, Part III, titled Conclusion, presents discussions and concluding remarks based on the data analysis and results from Chapter 2. 4 PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1. Brief Overview on the Culture of Thanking in Japan and America 1. Brief Overview of Culture of Thanking in Japan Japan, recognized as a modern and advanced nation, is celebrated for its commitment to preserving its cultural heritage, including the profound significance of gratitude within its customs.
The Japanese exhibit a deep sense of respect by consistently expressing gratitude towards others. Notably, in the current globalized era, spanning from children to the elderly, Japanese individuals have cultivated a natural inclination to articulate gratitude, irrespective of the scale of the favor received. The cultural emphasis on gratitude is instilled in Japanese youth from an early age, with parents and teachers actively fostering an awareness of gratitude. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology’s 1998 curriculum guidelines, targeted at defining fundamental education standards in Japan, underlines the importance of gratitude in moral education for fifth and sixth graders.
It advocates an ethos of thankfulness for the daily reliance on the support and assistance provided by others (Naito et al.