VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES TRAN THI THU HONG A STUDY ON PRONUNCIATION MISTAKES COMMONLY COMMITTED BY THE 8"" GRADE STUDENTS AT LE QUY DON SECONDARY SCHOOL, HANOI RELATED TO ENGLISH FRICATIVE AND AFFRICATIVE SOUNDS AND SOME POSSIBLE PEDAGOGICAL SOLUTIONS Nghiên cứu lỗi phát âm thường gặp liên quan tới âm xát và tắc xát Đôn, Hà Nội và một số giải pháp trong thực tiễn giảng dạy.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Language Teaching Methodology Code : 60.0111 Hanoi, 2013 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES TRAN THI THU HONG A STUDY ON PRONUNCIATION MISTAKES COMMONLY COMMITTED BY THE 8" GRADE STUDENTS AT LE QUY DON SECONDARY SCHOOL, HANOI RELATED TO ENGLISH FRICATIVE AND AFFRICATIVE SOUNDS AND SOME POSSIBLE PEDAGOGICAL SOLUTIONS Nghiên cứu lỗi phát âm thường gặp liên quan tới âm xát và tắc xát Đôn, Hà Nội và một số giải pháp trong thực tiễn giảng dạy.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Language Teaching Methodology Code : 60. Dr Võ Dai Quang Hanoi, 2013 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALLY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “ 4 Study on Pronunciation Mistakes Commonly Committed by the 8" Grade Students at Le Quy Don Secondary School, Hanoi Related to English Fricative and Affricative Sounds and Some Possible Pedagogical Solutions.” Submitted in partially fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MA in English Teaching Methodology. Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis. Hanoi, 2013 Tran Thi Thu Hong ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without the help and support from a number of people.
First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Assoc. Vo Dai Quang, my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher. A special word of thanks goes to my best friends, students studying at Le Quy Don Secondary School, and many others, without whose support and encouragement it would be never have been possible for me to have this thesis accomplished. Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family for the sacrifice they have devoted to the fulfillment of this academic work.
li ABSTRACT It is clear that learners with good English pronunciation are likely to be understood even if they make errors in other areas, whereas learners with bad pronunciation will not be understood, even if their grammar is perfect. Such learners may avoid speaking in English, and experience social isolation, etc. Therefore, learners with poor pronunciation may be judged as incompetent, or lacking in knowledge. Be aware of the importance of English as an international language as well as the necessary of developing the learner’s communicative competence, teaching pronunciation has been constantly noticed.
This minor thesis aims at identifying the most common mistakes when producing English affricative and fricative sounds by the students grade 8 at Le Quy Don secondary school, as well as investigating the main causes of these mistakes and the possible pedagogical solutions to assist them correct their mistakes. In the course of fulfilling this study, the researcher combined the data from two main courses: questionnaire for the students to investigate the causes of the mistakes and recording the informant’s pronunciation of selected words and words within utterances and sentences to find out the most common mistakes with English fricative and affricative sounds. The data analysis reveals the following major findings: The students have a tendency to omission and deviation of affricative and fricative sounds both in syllable-middle and final positions. Their own phonemic habits were carried into English and the students appear to fail to imitate a proper pronunciation.
These results are taken into account and lead to some pedagogical suggestions to deal with these problems found. 1H LISTS OF TABLES Table 1: Vietnamese initial and final consonants Table 2 Table 2: Sounds mispronounced by Vietnamese students (Tam,2007) Table 3: Mistakes in producing the sounds /f/ and /v/ Table 4.1: Mistakes in producing the sounds/9/ -/6 / Table 4.2: Mistakes in producing the sounds/9/ -/6 / Table 5: Mistakes in producing the sounds /ƒ/ -/ 3/ Table 6: Mistakes in producing the sounds /tƒ/ - /d3/ Table 7: Common pronunciation mistakes committed by the students Table 8: Number of students producing sound omission Table 9: Number of students producing sound deviation Table 10: Students’ purposes of learning English grammar Table 11: Causes of the students’ mispronunciation iv LISTS OF FIGURES Figure 1: Consonant chart according to Place and Manner of articulation of the sound Figure 2: Place and manner articulation of the sound /f/ Figure 3: Place and manner articulation of the sound /v/ Figure 4: Place and manner articulation of the sound / 9 / Figure 5: Place and manner articulation of the sound / 6 / Figure 6: Place and manner articulation of the sound / s / Figure 7: Place and manner articulation of the sound / z / Figure 8: Place and manner articulation of the sound / J / Figure 9: Place and manner articulation of the sound / 3 / Figure 10: Place and manner articulation of the sound /h / Figure 11: Place and manner articulation of the sound / tƒ/& /d3/ Figure 12: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A: INTRODUCTION ng.The rationale of the Stud 11177.Aims of the research. Scope of the research oo.Significance of the r€S€arC_.Structural organization of the thesis .- ¿2 213 2221125131151 eces 3 PART B: DEVELOPMENTT. k* SH HH1 111111 1111 KT Tre 4 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW.
TS SH HH HH HH HH re 4 1.The description of English ÍTICafIV€S.Labio- dental Fricatives :/,V/,.--- LH SH ng kg reo 5 IIMAP sua.Palato-alveolar Fricatives: /[ ¬ ccceceeessececeecsesceeceecessseeececeesseeeceeeesssaeeeceeetsseeeeeees 8 II €/(0ïï)00y 5/20) TưùBŨỪŨỒ.The description of English affricates / tƒ/& /5/.Some similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese consonants in terms of affricatives and fricatives.Review of previous studies related to the research area of the thesis. cc St S11 11 11 1111111111111 111111 11 11 1 HH Hà HH HH tiệt 15 8€ (0:0 01.ccccccccccccsccsscsscsscsscsscsecssccscssecsesseessesecssesecsecssesseeeeeaes 16 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 00. Research — governing principles .-- -- 1xx ng ng rệt 19 2. Research Questions na.
Research methods nh. Data collection 1nsfTUIm€IIES. Data collection procedures.-- SG 3 32212321133211 1111181111811 111 118111 1k rẻ 20 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS. Reports on the result collected by means of recordings.
Reports on the result collected by means of quesfIonnaIre. Students’ opinion on the importance of pronunc1af1on. Students’ purposes of learning English. Student’s frequency in practicing English pronunciafion.
Students’ knowledge of reading phonetic transcription. Causes of the students’ mispronunC1af1OT.-- 5 + ss+++s*++see+seexeeeexssss 29 CHAPTER 4 : PROPOSED SOLUTIONS. Using IPA Chart. Making the lessons more 1nf€T€SfITE.-- 22+ 3221113 EEEEErrrerrrrerske 34 CV N00 ià na.
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Ánh HH HH HH TT ng He 40 )›tvv200i0 ii:. 40 (iii)Limitations of the current research .- - -- -- +: xxx SE skErirrrrrrrerrrrerrke 41 (iV)RecommMendations TT.- ng HH HT nh ng Hành 43 133500909022. I vill PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. The rationale of the study Presently, English appears to be a widely spoken language which is the dominant international language in all aspects such as communication, science, aviation, entertainment, education.
In Vietnam, it is undeniable that it has become the most popular foreign language to be used as a means of communication. Therefore, good communication is the first target as well as the first criterion of English learners. To communicate properly, the learners need correct pronunciation because pronunciation affects very much on the understandings of meanings of the word. If the sound of word is differing, it may lead the listeners to some other meanings, and if this happens, it is very much obvious that it’s not a proper communication.
In other words, unless he has sufficient knowledge of the sound patterns of the target language, he can neither encode a message to anybody nor decode the message sent by another person. Pronunciation is an aspect of verbal communication which makes it more effective and attractive. Thanks to good pronunciation , students not only become aware of different sounds and sound features, but can also improve their speaking immeasurably. Therefore, the significance of pronunciation becomes highly considerable in the process of verbal communication.
Since sounds play an important role in communication, foreign language teachers must attribute proper importance to teaching pronunciation in their classes. Therefore, pronunciation instruction is of great importance for successful oral communication to take place since it is an important ingredient of the communicative competence (Hismanoglu, 2006). Nevertheless, among millions of people speaking English, there exist a great number of people who make mistakes in pronunciation. Specially, in producing English affricate and fricative consonant sounds makes many learners confused, meanwhile “sound is significant because it is used as a part of a code of a particular language and achieves meaning in context of use” (Tam Ha Cam, 2005).
In this study, the writer has presented a brief description of some features of English affricate and fricative consonants as well as the mistakes made by Vietnamese when producing them. On the foundation of these mistakes, some solutions are suggested to mitigate the problems. Aims of the research The specific aims of the study are: - To identify the most common mistakes when producing English affricative and fricative sounds by the 8" grade students at Le Quy Don secondary school. - To provide some strategies to help students avoid mispronunciation 3.
Scope of the research As can be seen, the English sound system consists of forty-four phonemes; twenty-four consonants, twelve pure vowels and eight diphthongs. Generally, Vietnamese often have difficulties in producing some of these sounds in a proper way due to some reasons. It is necessary to make a distinction between errors and mistakes. Mistakes are what the researchers referred to as performance errors (the learners know the system but fail to use it) while the errors are a result of one systematic competence (the learners’ system is incorrect).( Richards, Platt and Platt.
According to Jame (1998), an error cannot be self-corrected while mistakes can be self- corrected if the deviation is pointed out to the speaker. Due to time constraints, the length of thesis and the researcher’s knowledge, it is impossible for the researcher to study all the pronunciation mistakes made by students. Therefore, this study only focuses on finding out the most typical mistakes made by the 8” grade students at Le Quy Don when pronouncing English affricative and fricative sounds. Significance of the research i) Theoretical significance: The research assists both teachers and learners to review phonological characteristics and articulation of the sounds.
It is a solid foundation in teaching and learning English pronunciation. ii) Practical significance: The study identifies students’ mistakes in producing affricative and fricative sounds in English and supplies English teachers with the understanding and practical view to have pedagogical suitable solutions to these kinds of established mistakes. Structural organization of the thesis The study consists of three parts as follows: PART 1 is the introduction, which provides an overview of the study with specific reference to the rationale, the aims, the scope and the structural organization of the thesis. PART 2, development, consists of 3 chapters: Chapter 1 presents review of previous studies related to the research of the thesis and theoretical backgrounds about general descriptions of English affricative and fricative sounds.
Chapter 2, the methodology underlying the research is presented. It presents the subject of the study, the instruments used to collect the data and the procedure of the data collection.