MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION GRADUATION THESIS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY MODELING AND CONTROL OF ACTIVE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM OF 2011 PORSCHE CAYENNE INSTRUCTOR: HUYNH PHUOC SON, PhD. STUDENT: NGUYEN THE PHONG VU NGUYEN TIEN DAT SKL012848 Ho Chi Minh City, March 2024 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROJECT REPORT MODELING AND CONTROL OF ACTIVE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM OF 2011 PORSCHE CAYENNE Major: AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Supervisor: HUYNH PHUOC SON, PhD. NGUYEN THE PHONG Student ID: 20145002 VU NGUYEN TIEN ĐAT Student ID: 20145409 Ho Chi Minh City, March 2024 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our sincere and deep gratitude to our research supervisor, PhD. HUYNH PHUOC SON, Lecturer in automotive chassis system, Faculty Dean of Vehicle and Energy Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, for giving us the opportunity to do research and providing invaluable guidance throughout this research.
His care, guidance, vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired us. He has taught us the methodology to carry out the research and to present the research works as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under his guildance.We would love to express our most gratitude to PhD. HUYNH PHUOC SON’s effort and passion.
In addition to that, we would like to say thanks to our friends and all the people who have supported us to complete the research work directly or indirectly. Ho Chi Minh City, March, 2024 Students carrying out the research. Nguyễn Thế Phong Vũ Nguyễn Tiến Đạt vi TABLE OF CONTENT PROJECT REPORT. i GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT.
ii PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET. iv EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER. vi TABLE OF CONTENT. vii LIST OF FIGURES.
ix LIST OF TABLES. xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. The research justification and necessity. The main purpose of the project.
The objective of the project. The research methodology. The limit and scope of the project.2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Introduction of independent air suspension.
Conclusion of literature review .6 CHAPTER 3: THE STRUCTURE AND OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM OF PORSCHE CAYENNE. Overview of the active and semi – active air suspension system. The air suspension system of Porsche Cayenne. The development of air suspension system in Cayenne model.
The air suspension in Cayenne model 2004-2010. The air suspension in Cayenne model 2011. The components of air suspension system of the 2011 Porsche Cayenne. The air spring struts.
The PASM-map controlled damper/shock absorber. The valve block and air pipe lines. The PASM leveling control unit. The sensors of air suspension system.
The operational analysis of the active air suspension system of the 2011 Porsche Cayenne. The control of ride height level and spring rate. The control of damping force.72 CHAPTER 4: MODELING THE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM. Overview of Matlab SIMULINK.
Modeling the suspension system. Modeling the conventional active suspension system (quarter car). Modeling the active air suspension system. Modeling the air suspension of 2011 Porsche Cayenne.
Define the parameters of the air suspension system of Porsche Cayenne. Determine control strategy for the air suspension system. Building the model in SIMULINK.117 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3. The ASS components and their variations.
The required damping force and relative speed in 4 quadrants. The optimization of damping force in 4 quadrants.The controllability potential of various types of systems. The main differences between the passive and semi-active, active suspension system. The overview of the air spring-based (pneumatic) suspension system.
The AIRmatic system developed by Mercedes-Benz. The schematic diagram of AIRmatic system. The Porsche Cayenne equipped with air suspension. The components of air suspension system of Porsche Cayenne.
The overview of components of air suspension system in Porsche Cayenne (2004-2010). The pneumatic schematics of open – air suspension system. The front and rear axle with air springs of Cayenne model 2011. The overview of components of air suspension system in Porsche Cayenne (2011).
The pneumatic schematics of closed – air suspension system. The positions of suspension components of 2011 Porsche Cayenne. The front air spring with integrated damper. The main components of air supply unit.
Air spring with additional volume. The position of the damper. The cross section of the damper. The compressor actuation by relay.
Schematic design of compressor. The Air flow pathway inside the compressor and air drier. The air accumulator. The solenoid valve block.
Solenoid valve block in diagram. The solenoid valve block with color-marked air lines. The control unit block with all its wiring. The PASM control unit diagram.
The control unit. Illustration of Sensor positions. The subcomponents of level sensor. The illustration of level sensor.
The body acceleration sensor. The position of pressures sensor within the solenoid valve block. The position of pressure sensor (7). The pressure sensor.
The position of temperature sensor inside compressor (3). The temperature sensor. The rocker switch of 2011 Porsche Cayenne. The selection of height level.
The control unit with indicated signals for ride height control. The control diagram of the system. The flow of control process between control unit and the other components. The control block diagram of the system with additional volume.
The control block diagram of the system without additional volume. Rocker switch in raising process. Rocker switch input signal to control unit. The process of raising the vehicle.
Valve block and the corresponding connecting air lines. Rocker switch in lowering process. Rocker switch input signal to control unit. The process of lowering the vehicle.
The process of draining the suspension system. Valve block and the corresponding venting air lines for vent valve. Rocker switch in automatic filling process. The first stage of automatic filling process.
The second stage of automatic filling process. The process of air leakage compensation. The additional volume valve. The additional volume of front air spring strut.
The additional volume of rear air spring strut. The control strategy of switching volume. Spring rate being inversely proportional to internal volume. Power travel control map for spring rate.
The control switch for PASM. Control unit of PASM. The mechanism of hard damping and soft damping effect. The PASM buttons for 3 chassis settings.
Suspension setting in PASM Comfort. Suspension setting in PASM Sport. The damper in Comfort mode. The damper in Sport mode.
The Matlab Workspace. The starting page of SIMULINK. The passive suspension system model. The conventional active suspension model.
The illustration of control actuator for active suspension model. The active air suspension model. The active Pneumatic model of 2011 Porsche Cayenne. The PID control scheme.
The conventional active suspension model in Simulink. The steel spring stiffness value. The subsystem of air spring. The air spring blocks for two stiffness values.
The road roughness coefficient ISO 8608. The selected road profile model. The irregularities of road profile class C. The illustration of Skyhook damping control strategy.
The Skyhook damping control subsystem. The switch case of the damping coefficient. The PID controller for the model. The active air suspension model.
The pressure changes within the air spring in two modes. The difference in spring rate. The Desired deflection first attempt. The suspension deflection with soft spring rate and low force.
The suspension deflection with hard spring rate and high force. The car body acceleration in Comfort mode. The car body acceleration in Sport mode. The deflection comparison between the air spring and steel spring.
113 xi LIST OF TABLES Table 3. The suspension travel of 2011 Porsche Cayenne (air spring and steel spring). Height level control value of Cayenne model 2004-2010. Height level control value of Cayenne/ Cayenne S model year 2011.
Height level control value of Cayenne Turbo model year 2011. Comparison between open – air and closed – air system. The parameters of 2011 Porsche Cayenne. 99 xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
The research justification and necessity The suspension system, among other dynamic systems, plays a critical role in modern automotive engineering which means a great deal in terms of handling, ride quality, load capacity and the overall performance an automobile. One would argue that a version equipped with air spring or air chamber can guarantee the enhanced performance and push beyond the limit of an ordinary suspension system, for instance, Land Rover offers products with the electronic, adaptive and height adjustable air suspension to ensure that the driving experience is enhanced. Another prime example of this system would be the Airmatic suspension system of Mercedes- Benz, which emphasizes the pneumatic (air) nature of the system and focus on automatic operation prompting a comfortable ride. Therefore, it is the essential norm for these luxury and high-performance automotive brands to develop and facilitate their products with either semi-active or active air suspension system and Porsche would be of no exception.
With an open mind set and eager to learn more about air suspension system, we as a team of two are looking forward to the humble contribution to this automotive field by the means of conducting research in the air suspension system of the 2011 Porsche Cayenne. In this research, the modeling and simulation of air suspension will be presented. We will develop the control block diagram in SIMULINK based on the control unit diagram of air suspension system considering all the existing parameters. After that we will apply the vehicle parameters to Carsim and run simulation based on SIMULINK control block diagram.
The main purpose of the project The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the modeling and simulation of the air suspension system of 2011 Porsche Cayenne. This includes designing block diagram control in Matlab SIMULINK using PID controller. The acting force and displacement of wheels and air springs of an automobile are formulated and included in the analysis whenever necessary. The simulation will be conducted after the 1 successful modeling of the air suspension system in order to evaluate the responsiveness and damping force.
The objective of the project. • Understanding the theoretical basis of the air suspension system, particularly the semi-active air suspension of 2011 Porsche Cayenne. • Developing and establishing the parameters along with control strategy of the air suspension for building block control diagram. • Modeling the air suspension system in Matlab SIMULINK and comparing results of different configuration of the system.
The research methodology. • Reference from material for data, parameters and specifications. • Control logic analysis for building block diagram. • Mathematical model development: simulation, trial and practice.
The limit and scope of the project. The project solely focuses on the modeling and simulation that involves all parameters, damping force actuation and responsiveness of the air suspension system of only 2011 Porsche Cayenne. Once the block control diagram is completed, those data will be used for a desirable and optimized simulation in Carsim. The outline of this article is as follows: • Chapter 1: Introduction: The purpose and objective of the project • Chapter 2: Literature review: a critical and informative summary of some research papers and articles relating to modeling and simulation of air suspension system.
• Chapter 3: The structure and operating principle of the air suspension system of Porsche Cayenne: explain design and function, control unit and sensors • Chapter 4: Modeling the air suspension system: building block control diagram in Matlab SIMULINK and performing simulation in Carsim. 2 • Conclusion: further application and reflection on the objective of the project, summarize the role and performance of the air suspension system. • Reference: a summary of all sources of materials, research papers about modeling air suspension. 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.
Introduction of independent air suspension. The air suspension can be considered to be the pinnacle of automotive suspension system owing to the fact that it is the system utilizing the pneumatic characteristic and high versatility to improve the performance and handling of an automobile.