STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Foreign Language Faculty GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: THE TREND OF BANK M&A IN VIETNAM Co- instructors : Le Thi Dieu Huyen (M.A) Can Thuy Lien (M.A) Student : Tran Thi Ngan Class : ATCB_ K11 Student ID number : 11A7510096 Hanoi, 5th June 2012 Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgement. i List of abbreviations. ii List of figures. iv List of tables.
1 Chapter 1: Bank M&A_ Theoretical framework. Definition of bank M&A. Definition of commercial banks. Definition and classification of bank M&A.
Motivations, principles and conditions for bank M&A. Motivations for bank M&A. Principles for bank M&A. Conditions for bank M&A.
Parties involved to the process. Bank M&A_ post closing challenges. Satisfying public requirement. Challenges come from customer base.
16 Chapter 2: The situation of bank M&A in Vietnam. The status of Vietnam economy. Vietnam economy reflected through main criteria. Characteristics of Vietnam economy.
Difficulties of Vietnam commercial banks. Pressure in raising capital. Imbalance structure of capital. Difficulty in mobilizing deposits.
24 Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam 2. High percentage of bad debts (high NPL). The situation of bank M&A in Vietnam. The status of M&A activity in Vietnam.
The situation of bank M&A in Vietnam. 30 Chapter 3: Outlook for bank M&A in Vietnam and recommendation. Outlook for bank M&A in Vietnam. Economic plan in 2012 of the country.
The outlook for bank M&A in Vietnam. For SBV and other authorities. For commercial banks. 39 List of references.
vi Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my co-instructors, MA. Le Thi Dieu Huyen, a lecturer of Financial Faculty and MA. Can Thuy Lien, a lecturer of Foreign Language Faculty. Without their valuable guidance and advice, I would never complete the thesis in a suitable and concise way.
Thanks for the enthusiasm, immense knowledge and continuous support of Ms Huyen, I could select useful material sources, concentrate on describing and analyzing important points related to the topic. Simultaneously, Ms Lien brings to me many helpful suggestions so that I can use correct terminologies as well as write the thesis scientifically and logically. Another special thanks also to all the staff in Asia Commercial Bank, Thuy Nguyen Branch. They have offered me an interesting opportunity to do internship there for nearly four months.
During the period of internship, I gradually understand about the operations in the bank in reality as well as have chance to listen to their personal opinions on the bank M&A issue. Finally, an honorable mention goes to my family and friends for their care and encouragement. When I was writing the thesis, unwanted traffic accident occurred. However, their love becomes my great motivation which helps me complete the thesis with the best efforts.
Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy i Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS M&A Merger and Acquisition SBV State Bank of Vietnam VND Vietnam Dollar USD United State Dollar GDP Gross Domestic Product GSO General Statistics Office CPI Consumer Price Index FDI Foreign Direct Investment GOV Government of Vietnam NPL Non-Performing loan ACB Asia Commercial Bank CTG Cong Thuong Group EIB Export Import Bank HBB Hanoi Building Bank MBB Military bank SHB Saigon Hanoi Bank STB Saigon Thuong Tin Bank VCB Vietcombank NVB Nam Viet Bank WTO World Trade Organization BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam ABBANK An Binh Bank Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy ii Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam MXBANK MyXuyen Bank BNP Banque Nationale de Paris (a French bank) PVN PetroVietnam IDCC Investment and Development Company of Cambodia Pte Private Ltd Limited IFC International Finance Corporation CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio ROA Return On Assets ROE Return On Equity LVB Lien Viet Bank VPSC Vietnam Postal Saving Company Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy iii Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Structure of credit institution in Vietnam .2: Structure of banks in Vietnam .1: Vietnam GDP annual growth rate in period 2009-2012 .2: Vietnam inflation rate from 2009 to 2012 .3: Vietnam trade balance from 2009 to April, 2012 .4: Bad debt rates of some large Vietnam commercial banks in 2010-2011 .5: Vietnam M&A activity in period 1999-2011. 25 Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy iv Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Vietnam export and import turnover recently .2: The structure of Vietnam total social investment capital in period 2009- 2011 .3: Vietnam M&A_ breakdown by sectors in 2009-2011 .4: M&A activity summary in 2009, 2011. 27 Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy v Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam REVIEW The necessity of studying the subject The financial crisis and global economic recession in 2008-2009 has left many implications for most countries in the world. Up to present, the global economy has still faced the risk of double dip because the recovery process seems to be too slow and debt crises, in addition, tend to spread in Europe.
With these uncertainties, Vietnam’s economy, as any other countries’, has encountered many difficulties as well as challenges. Inflation rate increases, manufacturing enterprises work inefficiently, institutions’ activities in banking and financial sectors are less and less profitable. So as to achieve the target of building the model of stabilizing and developing national economy, the Government of Vietnam guidelines to restructure the economy. And, restructuring the commercial banks and financial institutions system is one of the main parts of the process.
Regarding to restructuring the banking system, there rises many ideas that bankruptcy of banks should be considered as common as firms’ bankruptcy. However, in fact, the bankruptcy of banks will surely create many disadvantages or negative impacts for the whole economy and society as banking sector is quite sensitive and spreadable field. It is the final solution in case the government cannot help banks gain positive results in their operations. Therefore, in the present context, bankruptcy and dissolution of commercial banks in Vietnam have not debated by SBV leaders yet.
Meanwhile, the stories of bank M&A occur more and more, and it may become one of the most effective solutions to restructure the banking system. It is undeniable that the group of words “M&A” is now not too strange to firms in general and to banks in particular all over the world because it is considered a vital activity in modern economy. In Vietnam, though the history of this wave has not been long, there have been many M&A transactions in all fields of the economy, including banking sector. At present, bank M&A is a noticeable issue for not only banks’ owners but for public as well and expected to “boom” in the near future.
Due to the concern about this activity, bank M&A is chosen as the idea that completely covers my graduation thesis. Overview of the graduation thesis Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy 1 Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam In fact bank M&A is not a new topic that is researched in the world. Many foreign authors wrote about it such as Ingo Walter, Steven I. Davis, Dualkamol Prompitak, etc and there are many conferences of Vietnamese economists.
Unlike those researches which focus on detailed aspects such as its impacts on banks’ lending behavior, legal barriers for bank M&A, factors affecting the transaction and so on; my graduation thesis just mentions about basic information and analyses the trend objectively. With the name of topic: “The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam”, the thesis aims at providing fundamental knowledge about this activity, describing the picture of M&A in the banking sector in Vietnam recently and offering the prospects for the trend. Scope of the graduation thesis Because of time limitation, I have just observed and reviewed the bank M&A trend in the territory of Vietnam in the period from 2009 to 2012. Researching methodology The thesis is researched by methods of collecting, analyzing, comparing and adjusting.
The graduation thesis is firstly written based on the collection of reliable theoretical sources about bank M&A activity. These sources include economic authors’ books and official laws. In addition, aiming at providing the adequate picture of bank M&A in Vietnam, the researcher has collected data from official annual reports of GSO, SBV and several commercial banks. Then, the thesis analyzes the situation, compares data among years of the period and brings general assessment on both achievements and drawbacks of the activity.
Structure of graduation thesis All the contents of the thesis are divided into three chapters and organized as follow: Chapter 1: Theoretical framework about bank M&A Chapter 2: The situation of bank M&A in Vietnam Chapter 3: Outlook of the trend in near future and recommendations. Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy 2 Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam CHAPTER 1: BANK M&A - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This chapter helps readers understand the issue in the most basic and quite adequate way. The readers will probably know what bank M&A is, why and how bank M&A happens and issues rising in post-closing M&A. Definition of bank M&A 1.
Definition of commercial banks Nowadays, the appearance of banks in general and commercial banks in particular all over the world is undeniable. But there is still much confusion about what exactly a bank is, because in fact, a bank can be defined in terms of (i) the services it offers to its customers, (ii) the economic functions it serves, (iii) the legal basis for its existence; and be defined variously from country to country. According to Peter S.Rose, an American author, “bank is the financial intermediary that offers the widest range of financial services - especially credit, savings, and payment services – and performs the widest range of functions of any business firm in the economy.” And commercial bank is simply defined as “type of bank which sells deposits and makes loans to businesses and individuals” In Vietnam, the definitions of bank and commercial bank are regulated in the Law No.47/2010/QH12 of June 16, 2010 on Credit Institutions: “Credit institution means an enterprise conducting one, some or all banking operations. Credit institutions include banks, non-bank credit institutions, microfinance institutions and people’s credit funds”.1: Structure of credit institution in Vietnam Credit institutions Banks Non-bank Microfinance People’s institutions institutions credit funds (source: SBV) Student: Tran Thi Ngan Foreign Language Faculty of Banking Academy 3 Graduation thesis The trend of bank M&A in Vietnam “Bank means a type of credit institution which may conduct all banking operations under this Law.
Based on their characteristics and operation objectives, banks include commercial banks, policy banks and cooperative banks”.2: Structure of banks in Vietnam Banks Commercial Policy Cooperative banks banks banks (Source: SBV) “Commercial bank means a type of bank which may conduct all banking operations and other business activities under this Law for profit”. Banking operations include deposit taking, credit extension and via-account payment. Other business activities may be forex trading, purchasing shares of other firms, etc. + “Deposit taking means receiving money from organization or individuals as demand or term deposit, savings deposit, issuing deposit certificates, bills or treasury bills, and other forms of receiving deposits on the principles of full payment of principals and interests to depositors under agreement”.