VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* DƯƠNG THU TRANG SUPPORTING YOUNG LEARNERS’ VOCABULARY THROUGH PICTURES: AN ACTION RESEARCH APPROACH (Hỗ trợ việc học từ vựng của học sinh bằng tranh ảnh) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 HANOI - 2019 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* DƯƠNG THU TRANG SUPPORTING YOUNG LEARNERS’ VOCABULARY THROUGH PICTURES: AN ACTION RESEARCH APPROACH (Hỗ trợ việc học từ vựng của học sinh bằng tranh ảnh) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231. Lê Văn Canh HANOI - 2019 z DECLARATION I hereby make an oath that this thesis is my own work and it has not been submitted anywhere for any award. Hanoi, July 2019 Dương Thu Trang i z ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all people who gave a hand with giving me the chances to complete this thesis. First of all, I would like to show my deep appriciation to my supervisor, Prof.
Lê Văn Canh for his worth advice, careful instruction and endless encouragement during my time of conducting this thesis. Secondly, it is my lecturers in the Faculty of Post – graduate Studies, the University of Foreign Languages and International Studies that gave me various beneficial lecturers motivating me to investigate my own teaching situation to reach a more professional level. Thirdly, I would like to send my thanks to all the teachers and students at the chosen English center in hanoi for being willing to join my research for eight weeks. Finally, my family and friends are the people I would like to show my genuine appriciation.
Without their support and encouragement, I could not have completed this thesis due to daily life routine. ii z ABSTRACT Vocabulary is one the most important elements in English acquisition. Without words, human cannot express their ideas, feelings or thoughts. In the chosen English center in Hanoi, teaching and learning is paid attention to with a view to improve the students‟ English acquisition and one of the major concern here is vocabulary teaching and learning through images of young learners.
To explore how images support young learners‟ vocabulary acquisition, the study was carried out among forty 2th grade students for eight weeks with six units in their books. They were divided equally into two groups and each one was taught in two different ways of vocabulary teaching: one with traditional method – the translation method while the other by using pictures. The classroom observations and tests were instruments to collect the data for the research. After the treatment time, the results showed that the experimental group gained higher scores by using pictures to learn vocabulary and the classroom atmosphere was vey comfortable and ludic while the control group obtained not as good results as the experimental one.
It can be inferred from the results that images make a greater dedication to enhancing not only young learners‟ vocabulary acquisition but also their motivation in English learning than not using them. iii z TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. iii LIST OF CHARTS. vi LIST OF TABLES.
vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the study. Aims of the study. Method of the study.
Significance of the study. Structure of the thesis .2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Approaches to vocabulary learning and teaching. The role of images in vocabulary learning.
Teaching vocabulary to young learners. Characteristics of young learners. Techniques of teaching vocabulary to young learners. Studies on teaching vocabulary to young learners through pictures.
Action research in language teaching. Purposes of action research. Features of action research. Steps in action research.
Why is action research chosen?. The context of the study. The current situation of teaching and learning English at the center. The teaching program and materials.
Design of the procedures. Data collection instruments .28 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. Analysis on classroom observations. Analysis on test results.
Analysis on immediate tests. Analysis on delayed tests. Discussion of the findings. Limitations and recommendations for further studies.
XII v z LIST OF CHARTS Chart 4.1: Students‟ interest in learning activities .3: The students‟ mean score of immediate tests‟ average mark .37 vi z LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Characteristics of young learners……………………………………… 12 Table 3. Design of the study…………………………………………………….1: The two groups‟ results of six immediate tests. Error! Bookmark not defined.2:The two groups‟ results of two delayed tests .38 vii z CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale of the study English is playing a more and more major role in various sectors in non- native speaking English countries. Therefore, it is not hard to realize that it is now one of the most widely – learned foreign language which is taught in Vietnam. As it is noted, English teaching and learning include four skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing, and of these mentioned skills, Vietnamese students are making an endeavor to master communicative competence – which is “speaking”. Language is a tool for communication.
Communication exists where there appears speech. Without speech, a language will have an intention to become a mere script. According to Chaney, speaking is “"the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts" (Chaney, 1998: 13). To master speaking is to put words under control, which helps listeners completely understand what speakers mean.
“If language structures make up the skeleton of language, then it is vocabulary that provides the vital organs and the flesh. The acquisition of an adequate vocabulary is necessary for successful second language use because without an extensive vocabulary, it is difficult to apply the structures and functions into comprehensible communication. It leads to the fact that vocabulary is regarded as a cornerstone which contributes to the existence of a language. Speaking will become senseless if it has only structures.
„„When students travel, they don‟t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries‟‟ (Krashen, as cited in Lewis, 1993, p25) Many researchers argue that vocabulary is one of the most important-if not the most important- components in learning a foreign language, and foreign language curricula must reflect this. Nowadays, there have existed more and more concerns about vocabulary acquisition, even though these two (acquisition of grammar) are independent. Vocabulary is like vital organs, and grammar skeleton of a language. For this reason, English teachers have to be able to put teaching and learning activities in the right order and use materials with appropriate technique to help learners master the lesson expertly, especially vocabulary in long – term memory.
1 z As an English teacher in 2nd grade at an English center using English text book written by Ministry of Education and Training, the author considers teaching vocabulary as a major concern because at the age of seven, students are not able to remember all the words they have learned in class by writing and reading. The easiest way I have experimented for them to put new words in mind is visualization, especially pictures. Hence, it is urgent for me to understand how much pictures can bring a good result for students in learning vocabulary. Aims of the study The goal of this study is to find out how using pictures in teaching influences young learners‟ learning English vocabulary at an English center.
The results of the research will suggest practical tips for English teachers in teaching vocabulary to young learners. To get the above aim for the study, the researcher attempts to give answers for the following research question: How does using pictures in teaching vocabulary support the young learners‟ vocabulary learning? 3. Method of the study Given the purpose of the study, an action research design was used. The research was conducted with forty 2th grade students who were studying English in my class.
Significance of the study The findings of the thesis may serve as useful information for applying suitable ways in teaching vocabulary fruitfully at primary school. Scope of the study The study only focuses on the problem that my students have in absorbing and remembrance of new words in English. Also, the participants are the students in my 2nd grade at an English center in Hanoi. Structure of the thesis Chapter I: Introduction presents the rationale, aims, methodology, significance and scope of the study.
2 z Chapter 2: Literature review– The first part provides some theoretical aspects of vocabulary teaching and the second part of this chapter is about teaching vocabulary to young learners through pictures. Chapter 3: Methodology - in this chapter, the introduction of research method including research questions, data collection instruments are presented. Chapter 4: Data analysis and discussion show the procedure of carrying on the research and presents the data analysis result from classroom observation and tests will be analyzed and discussed to reveal the answers to the research question Chapter 5: Conclusion, which is the last chapter, followed by references is the summary of the whole study. The limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies are also recommended.
3 z CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter, relevant literature will be considered in an attempt to create a theoretical framework for the study. The first section of this chapter is aimed at theoretical aspects of vocabulary acquisition and the role of images in vocabulary learning while the second one focuses on teaching vocabulary to young learners through pictures. Vocabulary knowledge Knowing a word means knowing its form, meaning and use. The form is composed of the spelling, the pronunciation, and the grammtical features or parts of speech (i., whether the word is a verb or a noun) of the word.
Law (2017) explains that that learning vocabulary is a sequence that moves from learning to recognise and produce the sound of a word, to learning the meaning of the word, and then how to develop the representation of the word and generalise the word correctly. This is true to young learners‟ learning English vocabulary in an EFL context like Vietnam. Approaches to vocabulary learning and teaching According to Nation (2007), there are four strands in vocabulary learning. The first strand is meaning-focused input.
In this strand, learners learn vocabulary incidentally through listening and reading (input). The second strand is called meaning-focused output, i. learning vocabulary through speaking and writing tasks. The third strand is form-focused instruction, and the last strand is fluency development.
In this strand, learners learn vocabulary either by repeating learned words or by usung the known words in a variety of contexts. Details of these strands are below. Firstly, meaning – focused input is the way of vocabulary learning through listening and reading and this is the most popular way accounting for first language vocabulary learning. Learning will be more effective if learners pay more attention to unknown words on encountering them in deliberate learning strand (form – 4 z focused instruction) or using dictionaries to look them up or highlighting them in the text.
Learning incidentally by listening and reading is a cumulative process and requires learners to meet the words many times to retain them. Secondly, meaning – focused output is an essential way to put receptive knowledge into productive knowledge. There exist a lot of ways to help learners gain successful vocabulary learning through productive skills such as activities of stimulating to use new vocabulary (through pictures or definitions), speaking in groups or using partly known words to speak and write. Thirdly, form – focused instruction (deliberate vocabulary teaching/learning) is considered as the most effective way for the EFL learners to study vocabulary while the first strand – meaning – focused input is very popular for a native speaker.