MULTICOLOUR ILLUSTRATIVE EDITION A TEXTBOOK OF (SI UNITS) R. CHAND & COMPANY LTD. (AN ISO 9001 : 2000 COMPANY) RAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 055 PREFACE TO THE TWENTIETH MULTICOLOUR EDITION I feel thoroughly satisfied in presenting the twentieth Edition of this popular book in Multicolour. The present edition of this book has been thoroughly revised and a lot of useful material has been added to improve its quality and use.
It also contains lot of pictures and coloured diagrams for better and quick understanding as well as grasping the subject matter. I am highly obliged to my son Mr.Tech (Hons) for his dedicated and untiring efforts to revise and bring out the book in its present form. Although every care has been taken to check mistakes and misprints, yet it is difficult to claim perfection. Any error, omission and suggestion for the improvement of this volume, brought to my notice, will be thankfully acknowledged and incorporated in the next edition.
B-510, New Friends Colony, R. Khurmi New Delhi-110065 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION I take an opportunity to present this standard treatise entitled as A TEXTBOOK of APPLIED MECHANICS to the Students of Degree, Diploma and A. This object of this book is to present the subject matter in a most concise, compact, to-the-point and lucid manner. While writing this book, I have constantly kept in mind the requirements of all the students regarding the latest as well as the changing trends of their examination.
To make it more useful, at all levels, the book has been written in an easy style. All along the approach to the subject matter, every care has been taken to arrange matter from simpler to harder, known to unknown with full details and illustrations. A large number of worked examples, mostly examination questions of Indian as well as foreign universities and professional examining bodies, have been given and graded in a systematic manner and logical sequence, to assist the students to understand the text of the subject. At the end of each chapter, a few exercises have been added, for the students, to solve them independently.
Answers to these problems have been provided, but it is too much to hope that these are entirely free from errors. In short, it is expected that the book will embrace the requirements of the students, for which it has been designed. Although every care has been taken to check mistakes and misprints, yet it is difficult to claim perfection. Any error, omission and suggestion for the improvement of this volume, brought to my notice, will be thankfully acknowledged and incorporated in the next edition.
Khurmi To My Revered Guru and Guide Shree B.Theraja A well-known author, among Engineering students, both at home and abroad, to whom I am ever indebted for inspiration and guidance CONTENTS 1. Beginning and Development of Engineering Mechanics 1. Divisions of Engineering Mechanics 1. Systems of Units 1.
Units (International System of Units. Presentation of Units and Their Values 1. Composition and Resolution of Forces 13–27 2. Effects of a Force 2.
Characteristics of a Force 2. Principle of Physical Independence of Forces 2. Principle of Transmissibility of Forces 2. System of Forces 2.
Composition of Forces 2. Methods for the Resultant Force 2. Analytical Method for Resultant Force 2. Parallelogram Law of Forces 2.
Resolution of a Force 2. Principle of Resolution 2. Method of Resolution for the Resultant Force 2. Laws for the Resultant Force 2.
Triangle Law of Forces 2. Polygon Law of Forces 2. Graphical (vector) Method for the Resultant Force 3. Moments and Their Applications 28–42 3.
Moment of a Force 3. Graphical Representation of Moment 3. Units of Moment 3. Types of Moments 3.
Varignon’s Principle of Moments (or Law of Moments) 3. Applications of Moments 3. Position of the Resultant Force by Moments 3. Types of Levers 3.
Parallel Forces and Couples 43–54 4. Classification of parallel forces. Like parallel forces 4. Unlike parallel forces 4.
Methods for magnitude and position of the resultant of parallel forces 4. Analytical method for the resultant of parallel forces. Graphical method for the resultant of parallel forces 4. Arm of a couple 4.
Moment of a couple 4. Classification of couples 4. Characteristics of a couple 5. Equilibrium of Forces 55–77 5.
Principles of Equilibrium 5. Methods for the Equilibrium of coplanar forces 5. Analytical Method for the Equilibrium of Coplanar Forces 5. Graphical Method for the Equilibrium of Coplanar Forces 5.
Converse of the Law of Triangle of Forces 5. Converse of the Law of Polygon of Forces 5. Conditions of Equilibrium 5. Types of Equilibrium.
Centre of Gravity 78–99 6. Methods for Centre of Gravity 6. Centre of Gravity by Geometrical Considerations 6. Centre of Gravity by Moments 6.
Axis of Reference 6. Centre of Gravity of Plane Figures 6. Centre of Gravity of Symmetrical Sections 6. Centre of Gravity of Unsymmetrical Sections 6.
Centre of Gravity of Solid Bodies 6. Centre of Gravity of Sections with Cut out Holes (vii) 7. Moment of Inertia 100–123 7. Moment of Inertia of a Plane Area 7.
Units of Moment of Inertia 7. Methods for Moment of Inertia 7. Moment of Inertia by Routh’s Rule 7. Moment of Inertia by Integration 7.
Moment of Inertia of a Rectangular Section 7. Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Rectangular Section 7. Theorem of Perpendicular Axis 7. Moment of Inertia of a Circular Section 7.
Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Circular Section 7. Theorem of Parallel Axis 7. Moment of Inertia of a Triangular Section 7. Moment of Inertia of a Semicircular Section 7.
Moment of Inertia of a Composite Section 7. Moment of Inertia of a Built-up Section 8. Principles of Friction 124–148 8. Angle of Friction 8.
Coefficient of Friction 8. Laws of Friction 8. Laws of Static Friction 8. Laws of Kinetic or Dynamic Friction 8.
Equilibrium of a Body on a Rough Horizontal Plane 8. Equilibrium of a Body on a Rough Inclined Plane 8. Equilibrium of a Body on a Rough Inclined Plane Subjected to a Force Acting Along the Inclined Plane 8. Equilibrium of a Body on a Rough Inclined Plane Subjected to a Force Acting Horizontally 8.
Equilibrium of a Body on a Rough Inclined Plane Subjected to a Force Acting at Some Angle with the Inclined Plane 9. Applications of Friction 149–170 9. Relation Between Effort and Weight Lifted by a Screw Jack. Relation Between Effort and Weight Lowered by a Screw Jack.
Efficiency of a Screw Jack. Principles of Lifting Machines 171–184 10. Input of a Machine 10. Output of a Machine 10.
Efficiency of a Machine 10. Relation Between Efficiency, Mechanical Advantage and Velocity Ratio of a Lifting Machine 10. Reversibility of a Machine 10. Condition for the Reversibility of a Machine 10.
Self-locking Machine. Friction in a Machine 10. Law of a Machine 10. Maximum Mechanical Advantage of a Lifting Machine 10.
Maximum Efficiency of a Lifting Machine. Simple Lifting Machines 185–216 11. Types of Lifting Machines 11. Simple Wheel and Axle.
Differential Wheel and Axle. Weston’s Differential Pulley Block. Geared Pulley Block. Worm and Worm Wheel 11.
Worm Geared Pulley Block. Single Purchase Crab Winch. Double Purchase Crab Winch. First System of Pulleys.
Second System of Pulleys. Third System of Pulleys. Simple Screw Jack 11. Differential Screw Jack 11.
Worm Geared Screw Jack. Types of Loading. Concentrated or Point Load 12. Uniformly Distributed Load 12.
Uniformly Varying Load 12. Methods for the Reactions of a Beam 12. Analytical Method for the Reactions of a Beam 12. Graphical Method for the Reactions of a Beam 12.
Construction of Space Diagram. Construction of Vector Diagram 12. Types of End Supports of Beams 12. Simply Supported Beams 12.
Roller Supported Beams 12. Beams Subjected to a Moment. Reactions of a Frame or a Truss 12. Types of End Supports of Frames 12.
Frames with Simply Supported Ends 12. Frames with One End (viii) Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Supported Freely on Roller 12. Frames with One End Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Supported on Rollers and Carrying Horizontal Loads. Frames with One End Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Supported on Rollers and carrying Inclined Loads.
Frames with Both Ends Fixed. Analysis of Perfect Frames (Analytical Method) 244–288 13. Types of Frames. Assumptions for Forces in the Members of a Perfect Frame.
Analytical Methods for the Forces. Method of Joints. Method of Sections (or Method of Moments). Structures with One End Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Freely Supported on Rollers and Carrying Horizontal Loads.
Structures with One End Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Freely Supported on Rollers and Carrying Inclined Loads. Analysis of Perfect Frames (Graphical Method) 289–321 14. Construction of Space Diagram. Construction of Vector Diagram.
Magnitude of Force. Nature of Force. Structures with One End Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Freely Supported on Rollers and Carrying Horizontal Loads. Structures with One End Hinged (or Pin-jointed) and the Other Freely Supported on Rollers and Carrying Inclined Loads.
Frames with Both Ends Fixed. Method of Substitution. Equilibrium of Strings 322–341 15. Shape of a Loaded String.
Tension in a String. Tension in a String Carrying Point Loads. Tension in a String Carrying Uniformly Distributed Load. Tension in a String when the Two Supports are at Different Levels.
Length of a String. Length of a String when the Supports are at the Same Level. Length of a String when the Supports are at Different Levels. Concept of Virtual Work.
Principle of Virtual Work. Applications of the Principle of Virtual Work. Application of Principle of Virtual Work on Beams Carrying Point Load. Application of Principle of Virtual Work on Beams Carrying Uniformly Distributed Load.
Application of Principle of Virtual Work on Ladders. Application of Principle of Virtual Work on Lifting Machines. Application of Principle of Virtual Work on Framed Structures. Motion Under Constant Acceleration.
Motion Under Force of Gravity. Distance Travelled in the nth Second. Graphical Representation of Velocity, Time and Distance Travelled by a Body. Motion Under Variable Acceleration 384–399 18.
Velocity and Acceleration at any Instant. Methods for Velocity, Acceleration and Displacement from a Mathematical Equation. Velocity and Acceleration by Differentiation. Velocity and Displacement by Intergration.
Velocity, Acceleration and Displacement by Preparing a Table. Methods for Relative Velocity. Relative velocity of Rain and Man. Relative Velocity of Two Bodies Moving Along Inclined Directions.
Least Distance Between Two Bodies Moving Along Inclined Directions. Time for Exchange of Signals of Two Bodies Moving Along Inclined Directions. Motion of a Body Thrown Horizontally into the Air. Motion of a Projectile.
Equation of the Path of a Projectile. Time of Flight of a Projectile on a Horizontal Plane. Horizontal Range of a Projectile. Maximum Height of a Projectile on a Horizontal Plane.
Velocity and Direction of Motion of a Projectile, After a Given Interval of Time from the Instant of Projection. Velocity and Direction of Motion of a Projectile, at a Given Height Above the Point of Projection. Time of Flight of a Projectile on an Inclined Plane. Range of a Projectile on an Inclined Plane.
Motion of Rotation 445–456 21. Motion of Rotation Under Constant Angular Acceleration. Relation Between Linear Motion and Angular Motion. Linear (or Tangential) Velocity of a Rotating Body.
Linear (or Tangential) Acceleration of a Rotating Body. Motion of Rotation of a Body under variable Angular Acceleration. Combined Motion of Rotation and Translation 457–469 22. Motion of a Rigid Link.
Motion of a Connecting Rod and Piston of a Reciprocating pump. Methods for the Velocity of Piston of a Reciprocating Pump. Graphical Method for the Velocity of Piston of a Reciprocating Pump. Analytical Method for the Velocity of Piston of a Reciprocating Pump.
Velocity Diagram Method for the Velocity of Piston of a Reciprocating Pump. Motion of a Rolling Wheel Without Slipping. Simple Harmonic Motion 470–480 23. General Conditions of Simple Harmonic Motion.
Velocity and Acceleration of a Particle Moving with Simple Harmonic Motion.
