Ninth Edition Problem Solving with C++ This page intentionally left blank Ninth Edition Problem Solving with C++ Walter Savitch University of California, San Diego Contributor Kenrick Mock University of Alaska, Anchorage Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Marcia Horton Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein Program Manager: Kayla Smith-Tarbox Editorial Assistant: Kelsey Loanes Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti Production Director: Erin Gregg Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Senior Operations Supervisor: Vincent Scelta Operations Specialist: Linda Sager Cover Designer: Joyce Wells Permissions Manager: Timothy Nicholls Image Permissions Manager: Karen Sanatar Media Producer: Renata Butera Media Project Manager: Wanda Rockwell Full-Service Vendor: Hardik Popli, Cenveo® Publisher Services Composition: Cenveo Publisher Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Westford Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U. and other coun- tries. Screen shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Savitch, Walter J., 1943- Problem solving with C++ / Walter Savitch ; contributor, Kenrick Mock. pages cm Includes index.13'3--dc23 2013048487 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1—CW—15 14 13 12 11 ISBN 10: 0-13-359174-3 www.com ISBN 13: 978-0-13-359174-3 Preface This book is meant to be used in a first course in programming and computer science using the C++ language. It assumes no previous programming experi- ence and no mathematics beyond high school algebra. If you have used the previous edition of this book, you should read the following section that explains the changes to this ninth edition and then you can skip the rest of this preface.
If you are new to this book, the rest of this preface will give you an overview of the book. Changes to the Ninth Edition This ninth edition presents the same programming philosophy as the eighth edition. All of the material from the eighth edition remains, but with the fol- lowing enhancements: ■ End-of-chapter programs are now split into Practice Programs and Program- ming Projects. Practice Programs require a direct application of concepts presented in the chapter and solutions are usually short.
Practice Programs are appropriate for laboratory exercises. Programming Projects require ad- ditional problem solving and solutions are generally longer than Practice Programs. Programming Projects are appropriate for homework problems. ■ Introduction to C++11 in the context of C++98.
Examples of C++11 content includes new integer types, the auto type, raw string literals, strong enumera- tions, nullptr, ranged for loop, conversion between strings and integers, member initializers, and constructor delegation. ■ Additional material on sorting, secure programming (e., overflow, array out of bounds), and inheritance. ■ Correction of errata. ■ Twenty-one new Practice Programs and ten new Programming Projects.
■ Ten new VideoNotes for a total of sixty-four VideoNotes. These VideoNotes walk students through the process of both problem solving and coding to help reinforce key programming concepts. An icon appears in the margin of the book when a VideoNote is available regarding the topic covered in the text. If you are an instructor already using the eighth edition, you can continue to teach your course almost without change.
Flexibility in Topic Ordering This book was written to allow instructors wide latitude in reordering the material. To illustrate this flexibility, we suggest two alternative ways to order v vi Preface the topics. There is no loss of continuity when the book is read in either of these ways. To ensure this continuity when you rearrange material, you may need to move sections rather than entire chapters.
However, only large sec- tions in convenient locations are moved. To help customize a particular order for any class’s needs, the end of this preface contains a dependency chart, and each chapter has a “Prerequisites” section that explains what material needs to be covered before each section in that chapter. Reordering 1: Earlier Classes To effectively design classes, a student needs some basic tools such as control structures and function definitions. This basic material is covered in Chapters 1 through 6.
After completing Chapter 6, students can begin to write their own classes. One possible reordering of chapters that allows for such early coverage of classes is the following: Basics: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This material covers all control struc- tures, function definitions, and basic file I/O. Chapter 3, which covers ad- ditional control structures, could be deferred if you wish to cover classes as early as possible.
Classes and namespaces: Chapter 10, Sections 11.2 of Chapter 11, and Chapter 12. This material covers defining classes, friends, overloaded operators, and namespaces. Arrays, strings and vectors: Chapters 7 and 8 Pointers and dynamic arrays: Chapter 9 Arrays in classes: Sections 11.4 of Chapter 11 Inheritance: Chapter 15 Recursion: Chapter 14 (Alternately, recursion may be moved to later in the course.) Pointers and linked lists: Chapter 13 Any subset of the following chapters may also be used: Exception handling: Chapter 16 Templates: Chapter 17 Standard Template Library: Chapter 18 Reordering 2: Classes Slightly Later but Still Early This version covers all control structures and the basic material on arrays be- fore doing classes, but classes are covered later than the previous ordering and slightly earlier than the default ordering. Basics: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
This material covers all control struc- tures, function definitions, and the basic file I/O. Preface vii Arrays and strings: Chapter 7, Sections 8.2 of Chapter 8 Classes and namespaces: Chapter 10, Sections 11.2 of Chapter 11, and Chapter 12. This material covers defining classes, friends, overloaded operators, and namespaces. Pointers and dynamic arrays: Chapter 9 Arrays in classes: Sections 11.4 of Chapter 11 Inheritance: Chapter 15 Recursion: Chapter 14.
(Alternately, recursion may be moved to later in the course.3 Pointers and linked lists: Chapter 13 Any subset of the following chapters may also be used: Exception handling: Chapter 16 Templates: Chapter 17 Standard Template Library: Chapter 18 Accessibility to Students It is not enough for a book to present the right topics in the right order. It is not even enough for it to be clear and correct when read by an instructor or other experienced programmer. The material needs to be presented in a way that is accessible to beginning students. In this introductory textbook, I have endeav- ored to write in a way that students find clear and friendly.
Reports from the many students who have used the earlier editions of this book confirm that this style makes the material clear and often even enjoyable to students. ANSI/ISO C++ Standard This edition is fully compatible with compilers that meet the latest ANSI/ISO C++ standard. At the time of this writing the latest standard is C++11. Advanced Topics Many “advanced topics” are becoming part of a standard CS1 course.
Even if they are not part of a course, it is good to have them available in the text as enrichment material. This book offers a number of advanced topics that can be integrated into a course or left as enrichment topics. It gives thorough cov- erage of C++ templates, inheritance (including virtual functions), exception handling, and the STL (Standard Template Library). Although this book uses libraries and teaches students the importance of libraries, it does not require any nonstandard libraries.
This book uses only libraries that are provided with essentially all C++ implementations. viii Preface Dependency Chart The dependency chart on the next page shows possible orderings of chapters and subsections. A line joining two boxes means that the upper box must be covered before the lower box. Any ordering that is consistent with this partial ordering can be read without loss of continuity.
If a box contains a section number or numbers, then the box refers only to those sections and not to the entire chapter. Summary Boxes Each major point is summarized in a boxed section. These boxed sections are spread throughout each chapter. Self-Test Exercises Each chapter contains numerous Self-Test Exercises at strategic points.
Com- plete answers for all the Self-Test Exercises are given at the end of each chapter. VideoNotes VideoNote VideoNotes are designed for teaching students key programming concepts and techniques. These short step-by-step videos demonstrate how to solve problems from design through coding. VideoNotes allow for self-paced instruction with easy navigation including the ability to select, play, rewind, fast-forward, and stop within each VideoNote exercise.
Online Practice and Assessment with MyProgrammingLab MyProgrammingLab helps students fully grasp the logic, semantics, and syn- tax of programming. Through practice exercises and immediate, personalized feedback, MyProgrammingLab improves the programming competence of be- ginning students who often struggle with the basic concepts and paradigms of popular high-level programming languages. A self-study and homework tool, a MyProgrammingLab course consists of hundreds of small practice problems organized around the structure of this textbook. For students, the system automatically detects errors in the logic and syntax of their code submissions and offers targeted hints that enable students to figure out what went wrong—and why.
For instructors, a comprehensive gradebook tracks correct and incorrect answers and stores the code inputted by students for review. MyProgrammingLab is offered to users of this book in partnership with Turing’s Craft, the makers of the CodeLab interactive programming exer- cise system. For a full demonstration, to see feedback from instructors and students, or to get started using MyProgrammingLab in your course, visit www. Preface ix DISPLAY P.1 Dependency Chart Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Introduction C++ Basics Functions 1 Functions 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 6 More Flow I/O Streams of Control Chapter 7 Chapter 14 Chapter 10 Arrays Recursion Classes 1 7.3 Chapter 7 Chapter 11 *Chapter 16 7.4 Multi- Classes 2 Exception Dimensional 11.2 Handling Arrays Chapter 12 Chapter 8 Chapter 11 Separate Strings and 11.3 Classes & Compilation Vectors Arrays & Namespaces Chapter 9 Chapter 11 Chapter 13 Pointers and 11.4 Classes & Pointers and Dynamic Dynamic Linked Lists Arrays Arrays Chapter 15 Inheritance Chapter 17 Templates *Chapter 16 contains occasional references to derived classes, Chapter 18 but those references STL can be omitted x Preface Support Material There is support material available to all users of this book and additional material available only to qualified instructors.
Materials Available to All Users of this Book ■ Source Code from the book ■ PowerPoint slides ■ VideoNotes To access these materials, go to: www.com/savitch Resources Available to Qualified Instructors Only Visit Pearson Education’s instructor resource center at www.