Giải pháp cho thách thức trong việc dạy phụ âm xát tại Bách Việt College

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis suggested solutions to the challenges in teaching dental and alveo palatal fricative, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất biện pháp

2015

65
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

A. PART A: INTRODUCTION

A.1. Rationale

A.2. Aims and Objectives of the study

A.3. Research questions

A.4. Scope of the study

A.5. Methods

A.6. Design of the study

B. PART B: DEVELOPMENT

1. CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. Definition of consonants

1.2. Classification of English consonants

1.3. Contrasting English and Vietnamese consonants

1.4. Dental and Alveo-palatal fricative consonants

3. CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Results of the questionnaires

3.2. Results of interviews and observation

3.3. How are English-majored juniors instructed to pronounce /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/?

3.4. How are English-majored aware of the ways to produce /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/?

3.5. The types of mistakes English-majored juniors often made when pronouncing /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/

3.6. Useful techniques for teaching dental and alveo-palatal fricative sounds

3.7. Useful books for teaching dental and alveo-palatal fricative sounds

3.8. Conclusions of the study

3.9. Limitations of the study

3.10. Suggestions for further study

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* ĐỖ THỊ TUYẾT SƯƠNG SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO THE CHALLENGES IN TEACHING DENTAL AND ALVEO-PALATAL FRICATIVE CONSONANTS AT BÁCH VIỆT COLLEGE Các giải pháp gợi ý cho việc dạy phụ âm xát gồm âm răng và âm ngạc lợi Trường Cao Đẳng Bách Việt M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 60140111 Hanoi, 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* ĐỖ THỊ TUYẾT SƯƠNG SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS TO THE CHALLENGES IN TEACHING DENTAL AND ALVEO-PALATAL FRICATIVE CONSONANTS AT BÁCH VIỆT COLLEGE Các giải pháp gợi ý cho việc dạy phụ âm xát gồm âm răng và âm ngạc lợi Trường Cao Đẳng Bách Việt M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 60140111 SUPERVISOR: PHAN THẾ HƯNG, Ph. Hanoi, 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this thesis is original and has not been submitted for assessment elsewhere. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and does not involve plagiarism or collusion. I give my content for the electronic version to be examined by relevant plagiarism software programs. I have made a photocopy and electronic copy of my thesis, which I can produce if the original is lost for any reason. Date:……………………… … Đỗ Thị Tuyết Sương i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor – Dr. Phan Thế Hưng for his precious time and effort to provide thoughtful comments, expertise and encouragement that helped me to overcome all the obstacles I had faced during the research. I am also very appreciative of the help of students from CDAV7 (Bách Việt College). Their great cooperation provided me useful data to complete my analyzing and findings. Importantly, I would like to thank my mother for her everlasting support. Her love has helped me to overcome many difficulties during my period of studies away from home. Last but not least, I wish to thank my friends and my classmates for their enthusiasm and encouragement during my research. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT English has become one of the most popular foreign languages learnt in Vietnam today. However, Vietnamese students have failed to learn it appropriately. That prevents the learners from achieving comprehensible pronunciation. This paper focuses on identifying common pronunciation mistakes made by English- majored juniors of Faculty of Foreign Language at Bách Việt College in producing dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants. With the center of attention on the four English sounds /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ the study also attempts to give reasons for explaining why learners often make such mistakes. The main result demonstrates that more than half of the juniors have problems with those consonants. These problems include sound omission and sound confusion. To help students improve their pronunciation of these sounds, a number of recommendations are discussed in the last chapter. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vii LIST OF TABLES. viii LIST OF FIGURES. viii PART A: INTRODUCTION . Aims and Objectives of the study . Scope of the study. Design of the study . 5 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW . Definition of consonants . Classification of English consonants . Contrasting English and Vietnamese consonants . Dental and Alveo-palatal fricative consonants . Common types of pronunciation mistakes made by Vietnamese learners . Suggested techniques for teaching dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants sounds . Participants and setting of the study . 17 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Setting of the study . Data collection procedures. Data collection from questionnaires. Data collection from interviews and observation . Data analysis procedures . 21 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . Results of the questionnaires . Results of interviews and observation . How are English-majored juniors instructed to pronounce /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/? . How are English-majored aware of the ways to produce /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/? . The types of mistakes English-majored juniors often made when pronouncing /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Useful techniques for teaching dental and alveo-palatal fricative sounds . Useful books for teaching dental and alveo-palatal fricative sounds . Conclusions of the study . Limitations of the study . 38 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Suggestions for further study . I vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BVC Bách Việt College FFL Faculty of Foreign Language L1 First Language L2 Second Language vcls voiceless vd voiced vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 24 English consonant phonemes .2 Classification of English consonants .3 Classification of Vietnamese consonants.4 Example of minimal pairs .1 Common mistakes made by English-majored juniors when pronouncing .2 Reasons for sound confusion among English-majored juniors . 31 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Production of the sound /θ/ .2 The position of the tongue in the production of /θ/ and /ð/ .3 The obstruction of the airstream in the production of /θ/ and /ð/ and the state of the vocal cords .4 The position of the tongue in the production of /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ .5 The obstruction of the airstream in the production of /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ and the state of the vocal cords .6 Example of phonological description.1 The appreciation of the instruction on the production of /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ .2 Understanding of place of articulation of/ θ/ and /ð/ .3 Understanding of place of articulation of /ʃ/ and /ʒ/.4 Understanding of manner of articulation of /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ .5 Understanding of voicing of dental sounds /θ/ and /ð/.6 Understanding of voicing of alveo-palatal sounds /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ .7 The proportion of English-majored juniors admitting to having problems with 27 θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/.8 The proportion of FFL’s junior’s omitting /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ .9 The proportion of FFL’s juniors confusing /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ . 29 viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale In an ever-changing world, English has become increasingly important as it has become the leading international language and the bridge which connects people from different countries. ‘By the end of the twentieth century, English was already well on its way to becoming a genuine lingua franca, that is the language used widely for communication between people who do not share the same first (or even second language).13) To be successful in such type of communication, it is important for learners to have good knowledge of English, with a special focus on listening and speaking skills. However, learning pronunciation seems to be the most difficult to most English learners.25) suggests that English consonants are more difficult for learners to acquire than English vowels. Specifically, his statement matches the reality at Bách Việt College (BVC). From the researcher’s observation, many juniors of the Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) at BVC seem to find it difficult to pronounce English consonants, especially those belong to dental (/θ/ and /ð/) and alveo-palatal fricative consonants (/ʃ/ and /ʒ/). The main problems with these include sound omission and sound confusion. The four sounds are confusing to English-majored juniors in general, and to the researcher in particular. As a learner of English, the researcher also makes mistakes when attempting to produce these four sounds. For this reason, the researcher has studied many materials about common pronunciation mistakes made by Vietnamese learners. It was found that most of the researchers considered dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants as the common pronunciation mistakes of Vietnamese learners. The writer agrees with the following authors on this point: Cook (1989), Avery & Ehrlich (1992), Ha (2005) and Duong (2008). 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Since dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonant sounds are so difficult for Vietnamese learners in general, along with English-majored juniors at BVC, it is something worth studying. For this reason, the researcher has chosen to do research on these sounds. Aims and Objectives of the study The aim of this study is to identify pronunciation problems concentrating on the dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants. Specifically, its focal point is on finding the types of mistakes English-majored juniors of FFL often make when pronouncing the four sounds /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. The study will also provide reasons to explain why learners often make such mistakes. From this, some recommendations will be identified to help teachers recognize the problem and learners improve their pronunciation with these consonants. Research questions The research generally aims at investigating English fricative consonants most misperceived and mispronounced by Vietnamese students. The main focus of the thesis is to answer the following research questions: Question 1: How are English-majored juniors of FFL in BVC instructed to pronounce dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants? Question 2: How are they aware of the ways to produce dental and alveo- palatal fricative consonants? Question 3: What types of pronunciation mistakes do they often make when pronouncing the four sounds /θ, ð, ʃ, ʒ/ and the reasons for that? 4. Scope of the study The study aims at identifying common pronunciation mistakes made by Vietnamese learners when producing dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Therefore, the subjects of the study involve a number of English-majored juniors in FFL at BVC. To ensure the validity and reliability of the research, three main instruments are used in this thesis including questionnaires, interview and observation. Methods The study aims at investigating the pronunciation problems of English- majored juniors in FFL at BVC. Currently, those students are divided into 2 groups – CDAV7A and CDAV7B. These students would provide the sample study range for the research. 100 English-majored juniors were randomly chosen to get involved in the research for several reasons. The researcher chose those students because of two reasons. First of all, most of these students had taken a course in phonetics and phonology in their second year of study. For this reason, they have already had some general knowledge about dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants of English. This will help investigate the ways their teachers approached teaching these consonants. This approach also enabled the researcher to find the answer to one of the research questions: ‘How are English-majored juniors of FFL in BVC instructed to pronounce dental and alveo-palatal fricative consonants?’ Secondly, the number of students in CDAV7 class is quite large. This provided the writer with a wide sample study range. This can help to ensure the validity and reliability of the research. To ensure the validity and reliability of the research, the three instruments have been chosen including questionnaires, interview and observation. This part is explained carefully in the Data Collection Instrument of Chapter 2. Design of the study The thesis is presented in three parts. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Part A states the rationale for the study, the aims of the study, the methods and provides the design of the thesis. Part B includes three chapters. Chapter 1, Literature Review, presents the view of English and Vietnamese fricative consonant systems in comparison. Chapter 2 focuses on the research methodology employed in the thesis, including the presentation of the research questions, participants, instruments and the data collection procedures. Chapter 3 presents the data analysis. Part C presents the conclusion of the study. Some suggestions for teaching techniques to limit L1 interference and improve English consonant teaching and learning that can be applied at BVC are also included in this chapter. In addition, the researcher presents limitations while doing this research. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.

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