UPPSALA UNIVERSITET & = UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS, VNUH * VNU-UEB UNIVERSITET — MASTER THESIS OF MPPM Corruption in land management in Vietnam, the situation and solution Authors: Pham Thi Hong Lién Nguyén Thi Mai Hanh Supervisor: Dr. Sven-Erik Svärd PhD Local Supervisor: Dr. Đồ Xuan Trường Class: MPPM INTAKE 6 - Group 5 Hanoi, May — 2013 ——ễễễễ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The thesis was conducted by a team of 2 members: Pham Thi Hong Lien and Nguyen Thi Mai Hanh in the framework of the Master of State Management - University of Upsala. One thing for sure is that the thesis will not be able to perform well without the enthusiastic help of the Swedish instructor, Vietnamese instructor and a number of leaders and public institutions related to the field of research.
We want to show deep gratitude to Dr. Sven-Erik Svard PhD- Uppsala University has oriented instructions has had very clear instructions in the process of selecting topics and researching, Dr. Do Xuan Truong — Head of Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Business Administration has come with us and guided in researching, provided knowledge and helped us to resolve problems in the whole process. Please thank the teachers who were enthusiastic to teach us useful knowledge about the state management in this course.
Thanks for the support of the University of Economics, coordinators and program managers have created favorable conditions for the course. Please thank the Government Inspectorate ‘s leaders, these leaders of the Department of the Government Inspectorate, Bureau of Anti-Corruption, Leader of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Leader of inspection and main inspectors , Department of Natural Resources and Environment have supplied data, answered the interviews and create favorable conditions for us to access to data sources. We also can not forget the good feelings and the support of all classmates, friends, colleagues who contributed ideas, provided information to us during our researching. Best regards, Pham Thi Hong Lién, Nguyễn Thị Mai Hạnh.
ABSTRACT Title: Corruption in land management in Vietnam, the situation and the solution Thesis level: Master program of Public management. Authors: Pham Thi Hong Lién, Nguyen Thi Mai Hanh Supervisors: Dr. Sven-Erik Svard PhD And Dr. Do Xuan Truong Date of defence: 16/ 5/ 2013 Objective: Corruption in the field of land is now considered to be "very popular" and accounting for major part of corruption.
The corruption in land management have negative impact on the country development, is hampering to the economic development, underming the people’s belief to the renovation of party and land managment policies in particupar. Therefore it requires a numbers of specific measures to the anti corruption in this field in the current context. The study aimed to detect some problems hidden risk of corruption in the field of land, identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of the Government in convention against corruption, from that proposing the solutions to improve efficiency in convention against corruption. Methodology: Thesis used the method of data analyzing and depth interviewing and then analyzing the SWOT model for Government’s anti corruption.
The research team collected secondary data from the Inspectorate Government, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, reseaches, papers and internets. The primary data was collected through conducting in - depth interview officials, leaders of Government Inspectorate and Ministry of Natural resoures and environment. The research team also analysed the secondary data to validate the accuracy of collected data in order to gain the research objectives. Results and conclusions: This research has evaluated the current situation of corruption in Land management: this is a “popular corruption” and happens in provinces and cities with high level of urbanisation.
The corruption in land is appearing in land acquisition, clearance; land allocation; transforming the land use purposes; land use certificate; transferring the possessive rights in land and house in which the land use allocation and clearance has highest risk of corruption This research has identified some risks in order have the measures to the anti —corruption. The research also identified causes of corruptions in which the major causes come from the weakness of management, inconsistency of legal documents and policies which generate the opportunities for corruption and ethical problem of Officials, civil servants working in land management field. The research considered that anti-corruption in Land management is a difficult and complex job. To have an effective work in anti-corruption in land management, it requires specific and feasible measures.
This research used SWOT model to analyse the current situtation of anti corruption works of the Government, by which to propose the measures to take advantage of strengths and use opportunities, improve the weakness and overcome the threats in the work of anti corruption in land managment field. Lmitations and points for future researches The research has limitations on the scope of conducting, having not aialysed and evaluated the each area of land management, having not cillected data on certain criterias to compare the difference between different regions in the whole country. The future research should conduct the survey ir different regions for related subjects involving in land management sevices such enterprises and people. The future research could also develop th model and a set of assessing citeria in corruption in land management, therefore it gives an overall evaluation of effectiveness of the measures on arti corruption in land management in Vietnam.
Contributions : This research is one of few research on the field of corruption in land minagement in Vietnam. This thesis also consolidates the theriotical basis on lad management and anti-corruption in land management as well. The reearch findings help the managers have an overview of corruption in land mmagement in current situation. The research also indicated risks of coruption in land arising from incosistancy in legal system, weakness of maagement that can be the references for completing the policies and reusing the procedures on land management.
The research also contributes sone valuable points to the anti-corruption. Kg words Land management, anti-corruption, risk, causes and situation. TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.- GIỎ HH HH gu 0g PRBS THRÁC TennrarneeeoenriibiiiiiiiislietttigiSSSEEESSL14E05568153585524654À3ã9825553345852đ585ĐL HIST OF 0 0637)2. UST OF TAB.
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Experience in anti-corruption in SingapOTe. Experience in anti-corruption in ChIna. --‹- 5+ s5 stsve£vzxervrxerrxeerrs 20 CFAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCES Ss aC nS TS CS SH CPT 00000003 i SA Research: Wheto lO gy .sssesecssesesesecsssssssesssessssscessssssssesssesesesssssesesesesesesesecesseessssesesesssssseseees 23 suối: SST KHHÙB.sa<uanh cctv TưResssess0se2)in2saseneueecosllgBxđibsnliB.
In-depth interviews 1756. 27 DEP VY, Ola LM OC ON seczscocaxesescsscesccasccscccscessccasceusceastensescseasegsssassscactasquaaccceyeusecesstsesveceesess 28 3. -- HH HH ng TH nu KH HT v0 0 02 32 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH?S RESULT .1 Situation of corruption in the field of land.----s<-se-s<<es=s<<ee<s 36 4. Assessment Of Current SICUATIONS.
Risk factors of corruption in the field of [an. The risk of corruption from the complex, inconsistent, contradictory and overlapping of the provisions of the current methodolOgy.2 The tisk Of compton Tom The ÓYELÌBDeoaoereannssosnnannoodlitonneonoagunossgogsgoi 46 4.3 The risk of corruption due to large value Øa1ns.4 The risk of corruption due to factors salaries of officers and employees. The cause for corruption in the field of land. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
RECOM CN CAtIONS sssssssssssssccccsecccsstesscsscesccasovassasssascusssaiaesssstassscecavaersasssaiatesbestniseses 54 5.1 Promoting strengths and take advantage of opportunities.2 Promoting strengths to reduce difficulties, threafs.3 Taking advantage of opportunities to overcome weaknesses.4 Overcome weakness to reduce challenges .c:cccsssssseseeseseesesseseseseeseeneneaes 56 APPEND AI S wccscssseseseevevescsscccsssesessuvevsavsevesesssisexsessvevesecssssesassacsssveosssvesersvess 60 APPENDIX 2: List of in(erVI€WS. co con H55 6666 61 APPENDIX 3: List of land polliCies.--- << << 5< 5< sessesseesseeee 62 LIST OF PICTURES Picture 1: The level of land management tm VIðHiãffl.»+assxiexessesssss 16 Picture 2: Process of granting the red book.-------- 25 Picture 3: Process of land acquisition and handover. 25 Picture 4: Distribution of articles on corruption in the land according to types of corruption found in the article.----‹-c-c- << <s <2 4] LIST OF TABLES Table 1: SWOT Model. e nent e ne ene nett ee ee seen anaes 5 Table 2: Corruption perception index in Vietnam from 2009 to 2012.
36 Table 3: Number of complaints and denunciations of State administrative tigencies regeived. from 2005 fo ZO] 1» c«cecevc sang vn Hn De Hán sở gữ ta na vi sie VI 008 37 Table 4: Number of complaints at Citizen Reception Office from 2008 to BACKGROUND Corruption is not only national social evil but also social evil of all countries in the world. It is one of the main reasons that make people's protest, it threatened the stability of the security, politic, society, deteriorate management state machine, causing loss of State assets , harming democratic values, ethics, justice, hindering the development of each country, making economic and society degradated. In Viet Nam, through the era of feudal State we have the anti-corruption strategy and see it as a national policy in order to ensure the survival of a Renaissance monarch.
Currently, in the period of speeding up country’s industrialization and modernization, buiding socialism economic, corruption has been a threat to social class, harm to national security, social order and safety. Therefore, convention agaist corruption has always been interested by the Party ,the State, it is regarded as one of the key tasks of leadership, direction and administration of the Party and State. However, anti-corruption is still limited and has not created fundamental changes in repelling corruption, corruption have tended to develop more complex. In particular, the field of land management in last years has always been regarded as one of fields which has greatest corruption as by the Party and State.
In recent years the Party, the Government has deployed, implement many methods of anti- Corruption in general and anti-corruption in the field of land management in particular, to make the drastic changes in awareness and action of levels of Party, government and people for anti-corruption. However, in general, anti- corruption is still confused, inefficient, corruption, loss of land management is the issue which are still tiring, pressing in society. The detection and handling of corruption in land management is low. In terms of economic reform, which is currently implementing many major projects and continuing to welcome investment in expanding industrial zones, budget for constructing the infrastructure, resettlement areas, the welfare,.
in the furture continues to rise, urgent requirement for State agencies at local specially specialized anti- corruption agencies to find the ways to prevent and combat corruption more effectively for this field. Although anti-corruption has been identified the problem which is urgent and is long-term responsibility of all levels and departments, the entire society, but now the subject of State and local researched on this issue is very limited, especially there is no topic that has mentioned fully and completely about anti-corruption in the field of land management at the local level. The reasons that mentioned above indicated that researching the situation and finding the solutions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of State management with anti-corruption in the field of land management is an urgent problem. Therefore, I have chosen the topic "Corruption in land management in Vietnam, the situation and the solution" to be my master's thesis in order to solve some theoretical and practical issues in convention agaist corruption in land management in Vietnam.
to CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.