Silverberg Carola Durán-McKinster Yong-Kwang Tay Editors Pediatric Skin of Color 123 Pediatric Skin of Color wwwwwwwwwwwwww Nanette B. Silverberg • Carola Durán-McKinster Yong-Kwang Tay Editors Pediatric Skin of Color Editors Nanette B. Carola Durán-McKinster, M. Department of Dermatology Department of Pediatric Dermatology Mt.
Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital National Institute of Pediatrics and Beth Israel Medical Centers Mexico City, Mexico New York, NY, USA Yong-Kwang Tay, F. Department of Dermatology Changi General Hospital Singapore, Singapore ISBN 978-1-4614-6653-6 ISBN 978-1-4614-6654-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6654-3 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2015930251 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.com) This book is dedicated to my family: Wan Ching, Ern Wei, and Ern Ying for their continuous love, support, patience, and understanding in allowing me time to write and edit, and make everything worthwhile.
Yong-Kwang Tay, FRCP This book is dedicated to the most important people in my life: my mentors, Prof. Ramón Ruiz-Maldonado and Prof. Lourdes Tamayo, and my daughters, Sofía and Natalia Deveaux-Durán. From all of them I have learned the pleasure of teaching and sharing my experience and knowledge.
Carola Durán-McKinster, MD This book is dedicated to my family and dearest colleagues who have made this possible: my mentors who shared their skills with me and showed me a path of educational exploration and on-going learning. But most importantly, this book is dedicated to my parents and Harry for their unconditional love, advice and support during the process and throughout my career. Silverberg, MD wwwwwwwwwwwwww Preface In the past, the majority of patients seen in the United States and Europe were fair-skinned individuals; up to the 1970s and the early 1980s, most of the published studies in dermatology were done in this population. With globalization of the economy and the advance of convenient international travel, the proportion of people of color (POC) in North America and Europe are rapidly increasing.
Based on the latest (2010) US Census data, it has been estimated that by July, 2013, 63% of the US population would be non-Hispanic whites, while the rest would be POC, including Hispanic whites (1). The need for an increased understanding of skin condi- tions in POC is reflected by the formation of the Skin of Color Society by Susan Taylor, MD, in 2004, the establishment of centers in several academic institutions focusing on POC, and the publication of several general dermatology textbooks and atlases on this topic. This demo- graphic shift is most notably seen in the number of skin of color-related sessions at the annual meetings of the American Academy of Dermatology: in 1995, there were 3 sessions; in 2005, 5 sessions; and in 2015, 21 sessions. Pediatric dermatology is an established subspecialty in dermatology.
The 13th World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology, currently being held every 4 years, is scheduled for 2017. There are pediatric dermatology societies worldwide. In the United States, there are 31 pediatric dermatology fellowship programs approved by the American Board of Dermatology (ABD), leading to subspecialty certification of the graduates by the ABD. Tay, Durán-McKinster and Silverberg are to be congratulated for editing this first text- book on skin of color in the pediatric patient population; they are eminently qualified to do so.
Tay practices in Changi General Hospital in Singapore, a city-state that is known for its multicultural and multi-ethnic population. Durán-McKinster practices in Mexico City, a city whose inhabitants have a wide range of skin phototypes. Silverberg practices in New York City, and is affiliated with the first Skin of Color Center in the United States. They have organized an international group of authors to cover all aspects of pediatric dermatology.
This textbook would certainly appeal to a worldwide readership of dermatologists, pediatric dermatologists and pediatricians. It will be a frequently used reference in the daily practice of all of us. Livingood Chair Henry W. Lim, MD Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan, USA December 2014 vii viii Perface References 1.
Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Single Year of Age, Race Alone or in Combination, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013. Census Bureau, Population Division. Release Date: June 2014. http://factfinder.gov/ (accessed Dec.
29, 2014) Contents Part I Biology of Normal Skin, Hair and Nails 1 Development and Biology of East Asian Skin, Hair, and Nails. 3 Mark Jean-Aan Koh 2 Developmental Biology of Black Skin, Hair, and Nails. 11 Nikki Tang, Candrice Heath, and Nanette B. Silverberg 3 Pigmentary Development of East Asian Skin.
19 Kin Fon Leong Part II Pigmentary Conditions in Children of Color 4 Normal Color Variations in Children of Color. Silverberg 5 Hypopigmenting Disorders. Mazza, Candrice Heath, and Nanette B. Silverberg 6 Mongolian Spots.
89 Eulalia Baselga 7 Nevus of Ota and Nevus of Ito. 93 Eulalia Baselga 8 Pigmentary Mosaicism. 97 Eulalia Baselga 9 Ashy Dermatosis or Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans. 101 Lynn Yuun Tirng Chiam 10 Confluent and Reticulate Papillomatosis (of Gougerot–Carteaud Syndrome).
105 Lynn Yunn Tirng Chiam 11 Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation. 109 Ramón Ruiz-Maldonado and Carola Durán-McKinster 12 Exogenous Ochronosis. 113 Lynn Yuun Tirng Chiam 13 Metabolic Hyperpigmentation: Carotenemia, Pernicious Anemia, Acromegaly, Addison’s Disease, Diabetes mellitus, and Hemochromatosis. 117 Luz Orozco-Covarrubias and Marimar Sáez-de-Ocariz ix x Contents Part III Hair Diseases in Children of Color 14 Genetic Hair Disorders.
127 Carola Durán-McKinster 15 Traction Alopecia. Shah 16 Acne Keloidalis Nuchae. 141 Mishal Reja and Nanette B. Silverberg 17 Pseudofolliculitis Barbae.
Silverberg Part IV Infections in Children of Color 18 Tinea Capitis in Children of Colour. McCuaig 19 Cutaneous Infections. Treadwell 20 Molluscum Contagiosum, Viral Warts, and Tinea Versicolor. 175 Yuin-Chew Chan 21 Skin Infections in Immunocompromised Children.
185 Maria Teresa García-Romero 22 Tropical Infections. 193 Héctor Cáceres-Ríos and Felipe Velásquez Part V Neonatal Skin Diseases 23 Histiocytosis. 205 Blanca Del Pozzo-Magaña and Irene Lara-Corrales 24 Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis. 223 Anais Aurora Badia, Sarah Ferrer, and Ana Margarita Duarte 25 Clear Cell Papulosis.
Silverberg 26 Vascular Tumors/Birthmarks. 231 Francine Blei and Bernardo Gontijo 27 Congenital Melanocytic Nevi. 249 María del Carmen Boente 28 Becker’s Nevus. 261 María del Carmen Boente Part VI Inflammatory Skin Conditions and Dermatoses 29 Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Skin of Color.
Berkowitz and Jonathan I. Silverberg 30 Contact Dermatitis. 281 Rashmi Unwala and Sharon E. Jacob Contents xi 31 Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in Children.
289 Yee-Leng Teoh and Yong-Kwang Tay 32 Lichen Planus in Children. 295 Shan-Xian Lee and Yong-Kwang Tay 33 Pityriasis Rosea. 303 Shanna Shan-Yi Ng and Yong-Kwang Tay 34 Paediatric Psoriasis. 309 Colin Kwok 35 Drug Eruptions.
Treadwell 36 Infantile Acropustulosis. Silverberg 37 Pediatric Mastocytosis. 327 Nisha Suyien Chandran Part VII Acne and Acneiform Conditions 38 Pediatric and Adolescent Acne. 341 Charlene Lam and Andrea L.
Zaenglein 39 Periorificial Dermatitis. Rosenblatt and Sarah L. Stein Part VIII Photosensitivity 40 Photosensitivity and Photoreactions in Pediatric Skin of Color. Feely and Vincent A.
De Leo 41 Actinic Prurigo. 387 Sonia Toussaint-Caire Part IX Collagen Vascular and Inflammatory Skin Diseases 42 Collagen Vascular Disease: Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. 399 Saez-de-Ocariz Marimar and Orozco-Covarrubias Luz 43 Autoinflammatory Syndromes. 409 Antonio Torrelo and Lucero Noguera 44 Acute Hemorrhagic Edema.
415 Antonio Torrelo and Lucero Noguera 45 Henoch–Schönlein Purpura. 417 Antonio Torrelo and Lucero Noguera 46 Kawasaki Disease. 421 Lucero Noguera and Antonio Torrelo Part X Regional Ethnic/Racial Pediatric Dermatology 47 Traditional Chinese Medicine in Dermatology. 427 Jean Ho and Poh Hong Ong xii Contents 48 Skin of Aboriginal Children.
439 John Su and Christopher Heyes 49 Skin Cancer Epidemic in American Hispanic and Latino Patients. 453 Bertha Baum and Ana Margarita Duarte Index. 461 Contributors Anais Aurora Badia, D. Florida Skin Center, Fort Myers, FL, USA Eulalia Baselga, M.
Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Francine Blei, M. North Shore-Long Island Jewish Healthcare System, Lenox Hill, Hospital/MEETH, Vascular Anomalies Program, New York, NY, USA Bertha Baum, D. Larkin Community Hospital, FL, Mexico Aviva C. Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Vincent A.
Department of Dermatology, Mt. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center and Mt. Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA María del Carmen Boente, M. Hospital del Niño Jesús, Tucumán, Argentina Héctor Cáceres-Ríos, M.
Instituto de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú Lynn Yuun Tirng Chiam, M. Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore Yuin-Chew Chan, M. (UK) Gleneagles Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore Nisha Suyien Chandran, M. (UK) Division of Dermatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore Ana Margarita Duarte, M.
Miami Childrens Hospital/Children’s Skin Center, Miami, FL, Mexico Carola Durán-McKinster, M. Department of Pediatric Dermatology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico Meghan A. Department of Dermatology Residency Program, PGY-2, Mt. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center and Mt.
Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Sarah Ferrer, D. West Palm Beach Hospital and West Palm Beach VA Medical Center, West Palm Beach, FL Bernardo Gontijo, M. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Maria Teresa García-Romero, M. National Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Dermatology, Insurgentes Sur 3700, México Candrice Heath, M.
Department of Dermatology, Mt. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA Christopher Heyes, M. Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia xiii xiv Contributors Jean Ho, M. (Int Med) Mount Elizabeth Hospital, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore Sharon E.
Department of Dermatology, Lona Linda University, Faculty Medical Offices, CA, USA Mark Jean-Aan Koh, M. KK Women’s & Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore Colin Kwok, F. (Edin) Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. Department of Dermatology, Penn State/Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA Irene Lara-Corrales, M.
Dermatology Section, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Shan-Xian Lee, M. (UK) Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore Kin Fon Leong, M. (UM), MRCPCH Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Joni M. Department of Dermatology, Mt.
Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA Catherine C. Department of Dermatology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada Shanna Shan-Yi Ng, M. (UK) Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore Lucero Noguera, M. Hospital del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain Poh Hong Ong, Ph.
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Luz Orozco-Covarrubias, M.