BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ------- GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC DETERMINANTS OF VIETNAMESE TUNA EXPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET Student’s name: Do Thi Thao May Class: K21KDQTB Course: 2018-2022 Student’s code: 21A4050284 Supervisor: Dr. Doan Ngoc Thang Ha Noi, May 2022 17014126169001000000 BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ------- GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC DETERMINANTS OF VIETNAMESE TUNA EXPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET Student’s name: Do Thi Thao May Class: K21KDQTB Course: 2018-2022 Student’s code: 21A4050284 Supervisor: Dr. Doan Ngoc Thang Ha Noi, May 2022 i DECLARATION I declare that this is my research. The data used in the analysis in the thesis have clear origins, published following regulations.
The research results in the paper are researched, synthesized, and analyzed by myself in an honest, objective manner and are consistent with reality in Vietnam. These results have never been published in any other studies. Ha Noi, May 20th 2022 Student Do Thi Thao May ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During my graduation thesis, I received much help, suggestions and enthusiastic guidance from teachers, family and friends. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr.
Doan Ngoc Thang, the Faculty of International Business, Banking Academy lecturer, who enthusiastically guided and instructed me during the work. I would also like to thank the teachers in Banking Academy in general, and the teachers in the Faculty of International Business in particular, for instilling knowledge of general subjects as well as specialized subjects into me, helping me have a solid theoretical foundation and create favorable conditions to help me throughout the learning process. Finally, I would like to sincerely thank my family and friends who have always facilitated, cared for, helped and encouraged me during my study and completion of my graduation thesis. Thank you sincerely! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.
THE URGENCY OF THEME. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE. AN OVERVIEW OF TUNA EXPORT. INTRODUCTION OF TUNA.
Definition and features. Popular products of tuna. OVERVIEW OF TUNA EXPORTING. Forms of exporting tuna.
DETERMINANTS OF EXPORTING .1 Determinants in the macro environment. Determinants in the micro environment. Determinants in the internal business. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF TUNA EXPORTING .23 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1.
DETERMINANTS OF VIETNAM’S TUNA EXPORT INTO INTERNATIONAL MARKET. SITUATION OF TRADE AND TUNA EXPORT IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET. Situation of tuna trade in international market. Situation of international tuna market.
OVERVIEW OF FISHING AND EXPORTING TUNA IN VIET NAM. Overview of the situation of fishing and processing tuna in Viet Nam 36 2. Overview of the situation of Vietnam’s tuna export to international market from 2000 to 2020. DETERMINANTS OF VIETNAM’S TUNA EXPORT TO INTERNATIONAL MARKET.
EVALUATION OF VIETNAM’S TUNA EXPORT TO INTERNATIONAL MARKET .50 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 2 .54 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS OF FACILITATING VIETNAM’S TUNA EXPORT TO THE GLOBAL MARKET FROM 2020 TO 2025. PROSPECT OF VIETNAM’S TUNA EXPORT TO THE GLOBAL MARKET. SOLUTIONS OF FACILITATING VIETNAM’S TUNA EXPORT TO THE GLOBAL MARKET. Macro policy solutions for the Vietnam’s government and agencies.
Recommendations for tuna processing and exporting enterprises .60 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3. 63 v LIST OF ACRONYMS Acronyms Definition WTO World Trade Organization EU European Union EP European Parliament EC European Commission ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations EVFTA EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership FTA Free trade Agreement RTA Regional trade Agreement RTA-IS Regional Trade Agreements Information System UN Comtrade United Nations International Trade Statistics Database OEC The Observatory of Economic Complexity CEPII Center d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales FDA Food and Drug Administration FDI Foreign Direct Investment vi IMARC International Market Analysis Research and Consulting TAC Total Allowable Catch WPCO West and Central Pacific Ocean ITC International Trade Centre IUU Illegal, Unregulated or Unreported HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point ISO International Organization for Standardization MFN Most Favoured Nation HS Harmonized System SPS-TBT Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement - Technical Barriers to Trade vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 1.1: Process of producing and exporting tuna in Vietnam 14 Figure 1.2: Constituents of business environment 15 Figure 1.3: Porter’s Five Force model 20 Figure 2.1: The market shares of top 10 tuna exporters in the world in 31 2020 (HS 160414) Figure 2.2: The market shares of top 10 tuna exporters in the world in 34 2020 (HS 160414) Figure 2.3: Export turnover of Vietnam’s tuna from 2001 to 2020 39 Figure 2.4: Import value of top 5 import markets of Vietnam's tuna 40 from 2010 to 2020 Figure 2.5: The market shares of Vietnam’s tuna export in 2020 40 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1: Major varieties of tuna 5 Table 2.1: The exported value of top 10 countries in the world 28 (2015-2019) Table 2.2: The imported value of top 10 countries in the world 31 (2015-2019) Table 2.3: Structure of Vietnam's tuna fishing vessels in 2011-2017 35 Table 2.4: Tuna catches in Vietnam in 2011-2017 37 Table 2.5: Tuna fishing productivity in Vietnam in 2011-2017 37 Table 2.6: Export value of Vietnam’s tuna with HS code 030487 41 and HS code 160414 Table 2.7: Descriptive statistics of variables 44 Table 2.8: Benchmark estimation result 45 Table 2.9: Further estimation 46 1 INTRODUCTION 1. THE URGENCY OF THEME In the current international integration context, we are expanding our relations more and more actively in import and export activities. Knowing that trend, the state always encourages and creates conditions for business organizations to reduce barriers in import and export with foreign countries.
It is easy to see now that we have to integrate. On the one hand, it suits the country's capabilities and interests at a scale and speed. On the other hand, we cannot wait to watch the opportunities pass through. Since then, we have always aimed to develop the export sector actively, integrate effectively into the economy and implement bilateral and multilateral commitments.
Following that goal and policy, we have made more and more efforts in importation and exportation. One of the most successful and large-scale industries is the seafood export industry, which has plenty of Vietnamese products that have been reaching out to the world. In particular, tuna is an industry with an export volume and excellent export potential. From 2015 to 2019, the export value of tuna increased by more than 1.6 times, from 455 million USD to more than 719 million USD, an increase of 58% and the proportion accounting for 21-22% of seafood export value.
Vietnamese tuna is present in 108 markets (2019), exported into highly competitive countries (regions): USA, EU, ASEAN, Israel, Japan, Canada, Mexico and China. On the global tuna export map, Vietnam is always in the top 8 tuna exporters in terms of the market share and export value (OEC 2020, product: Tuna, skipjack, bonito, prepared/preserved, not mince). However, Vietnam is following Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines in terms of market share and export turnover. While Thailand is the biggest tuna exporter of the world, holding 29% of the export market share of this tuna product in 2020, Vietnam accounted for only 3.65% of the world's tuna export market share.
Regarding export turnover, Thailand's tuna export value was also over tenth times as high as that of Vietnam, USD 2.36 billion compared to USD 297 million. 2 Vietnam has the natural advantage of owning a long coastline and extensive tuna fishing grounds. Compared with Thailand and the Philippines, those advantages are not inferior. However, when it comes to the market share and export value of Vietnam's tuna, they are not as high as these countries'.
It raises a question about the factors affecting Vietnam's tuna exports. There are many domestic research projects, theses and doctoral theses related to the theme of tuna. However, there are not many topics which focus on factors affecting Vietnam's tuna exports. Stemming from the requirements of practice and theory, the author chooses the topic "Determinants of Vietnam's tuna exporting" as her research topic.
LITERATURE REVIEW The research “Determinants of Indonesia frozen yellowfin tuna exports to main destination countries” by Zainuri Syam, Vivi Silvia, Taufiq C. Dawood (Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia) (2021) focuses on determining and analyzing the effect of export prices, exchange rates, GDP per capita, and economic distance on Indonesian frozen yellowfin tuna exports to main destination countries. The model used in this research is the Fixed Effects Model. The authors also introduced solutions and proposals to the government and exporting companies.
The results showed that export prices and exchange rates had a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's frozen yellowfin tuna exports to the partners, while GDP per capita had a positive impact on Indonesian frozen yellowfin tuna exports to the main destination countries. The results also show that economic distance does not affect Indonesia's frozen yellowfin tuna exports to the importing countries. In the study “A Gravity Model for Indonesian Canned Tuna Exports to The European Union Market: An Application of PPML Estimator” of three authors who are Puspi Eko Wiranthi, Iwan Aminudin, Eka Rachmawati Dewi (Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University) monitored and analysed the effects of GDP of importing countries, Indonesian real exchange rates, Indonesian canned tuna production volumes, economic distance between Indonesia and importing countries, and population of importing countries on the Indonesian tuna exports to the EU 3 market. The findings indicated that the population of the importing countries, tuna production volumes and real exchange rates significantly affect Indonesian canned tuna export to the EU.
Likewise, a group of authors (including Fabrizio Natale, Alessandra Borrello, Arina Motova) from European Commission, Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Ispra, Italy developed a gravity model to analyze the impact of these factors on international seafood. The study is “Analysis of the determinants of international seafood trade using a gravity model” (2015). RESEARCH PURPOSES Systematize the foundational issues of factors affecting the export of Vietnamese tuna to the world market. Assessing the export status of Vietnamese tuna products in the international market.
Researching on the impact of factors on tuna exports of Vietnam and importing countries. Proposing solutions at a macro and micro level to promote Vietnam's tuna exports to the world market. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND SCOPE Research subject The research object of the thesis is the issues related to Vietnam's tuna export activities and the determinants affecting this activity. Research scope - About the content: Analyze and evaluate the impact of factors on the export of Vietnamese tuna to the world market.
- About space: Focusing on catching, processing and exporting Vietnamese tuna. - About time: Studying the tuna export market of Vietnam from 1996 to 2019, from there to propose solutions and recommendations to develop Vietnam's tuna export market from now to 2025. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES - Qualitative method: The author uses data collection, analysis and comparison methods to draw core conclusions as the basis for solutions and recommendations. - Quantitative method: The author uses the Gravity Model to assess the determinants affecting Vietnam's tuna exports.
THESIS STRUCTURE In addition to the introduction, conclusion, table of contents and list of references, the topic is presented in 3 chapters: - Chapter 1: The theoretical basis of determinants affecting Vietnam's tuna export activities - Chapter 2: The actual situation of tuna export activities of Vietnam and the world - Chapter 3: Solutions to improve Vietnam's tuna export activities. AN OVERVIEW OF TUNA EXPORT 1. INTRODUCTION OF TUNA 1. Definition and features Definition Tuna known as “tunny” is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family.
The Thunnini tribe has 15 species across five genera. Tuna is one of the three species of fish in the world which can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. The tuna fish has a sleek, streamlined body and is among the fastest swimming pelagic fish.