TRÖÔØNG ÑAÏI HOÏC MÔÛ TP. HCM UNIVERSITEÙ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY SOLVAY BRUSSELS SCHOOL MBAVB DO THI THANH VAN DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Case study: Sun Wah Tower MASTER PROJECT MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (PART-TIME) Advisor: Dr. NGUYEN VAN PHUC Ho Chi Minh City (2010) Tai Lieu Chat Luong ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OF COMMITMENT I would like to commit that I have prepared and conducted this research, “Determinants of Customer Satisfaction – Case Study: Sun Wah Tower”, as the final project of MBAVB program. Ho Chi Minh City, February 18, 2011 DO THI THANH VAN i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The undersigned would like to acknowledge the great patience, understanding and assistance of several people who made this project possible.
A special thanks is extended to Dr. Nguyen Van Phuc for his valuable guidance, challenging comments and continuous encouragement throughout the study. I would also like to thank Professor Michele Allete of Solvay University in Belgium, Dr. Tran Anh Tuan, the program coordinator, all of Professors and the two coordinators: Mr.
Serge Bywalski and Ms. Bui Phan Bao Tran for their hard work and commitment to the program. I would like to acknowledge Mr. Lo Kwok Luen, General Director, Mr.
Ryan Lower, Property Manager, and all colleagues of Sun Wah Management team for their commitment and support me to carry out the research, create advantageous conditions for me to study and complete this project. Finally, I’d like to mention the support and encouragement of my family, whose patient love enabled me to complete this work. Ho Chi Minh City, February 18, 2011 DO THI THANH VAN ii COMPANY’S COMMENTS First of all I would like to show my appreciation to our Ms. Thanh Van for bringing the idea to conduct a research about service quality to investigate Customer Satisfaction of tenants in Sun Wah Building to my attention.
The research presents the knowledge about service quality, customer satisfaction and what determinants of service quality impact customer satisfaction. Through this research we have discovered what our tenants’ expectations put on us and have notified what we need to improve to meet the demands of our tenants in the building. That inspires all of our staffs to try their best to make Sun Wah Tower the best service provider in the office building market. This research is served as an asset of Sun Wah Management Office for further study about customer satisfaction.
Again, we appreciate her hard work, her practical recommendations and we sincerely thank her for this work. Ho Chi Minh City, February 18, 2011 RYAN LOWER Property Manager Sun Wah Tower iii Advisor’s Comments The project is to find out determinants of customer satisfaction in the case of Sun Wah tower. Customer satisfaction is very important in office building industry given the fact that there is strong competition in this industry in Ho Chi Minh City now. It plays a vital role in sales that ultimately determines profitability of firms.
The aim of the project is to answer the question what are determinants of customer satisfaction in this industry. The strengths of the project are as follows: It is well organised. Literature review is comprehensive. It reviews theories on customer satisfaction and service quality.
Based on this, it proposes the model for quatitative analysis. The model has five explanatory variables: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy. The hypotheses are that all these variables have positive influence on customer satisfaction. This model is quite standard in this field.
The methodology includes descriptive statistics and regression. Sample size is large enough for regression. The main contribution is the results of the regression model. The findings indicate that there are three independent variables which are statistically significant.
These findings are sound.69) is quite good. However, there are two variables which are not significant. The weaknesses of the project are as follows: Literature review is quite standard. There is no elaborate theory on office building.
There is lack of review of previous empirical studies. Chapter 4 depends too much on CB Richards Ellis. It is not well connected to the whole project. The results of the regression model have two insignificant independent variables.
Recommendations at the end of the project should be more elaborate. In general, the thesis is well written although there are some limitations as the student admitted at the end of the thesis. Based on the above performance, I recommend the thesis for acceptance of public defense. Nguyen Van Phuc iv COMMENTS OF ASSESSING PROFESSOR ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 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study: Sun Wah Tower TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviation x List of charts xi List of figures xii List of tables xiii Abstract xiv CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.2 Introduction of Sun Wah Tower 2 1.4 Scope of the study 4 1.6 Organization of the project 5 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Service and products 7 2.2 Understanding Customer Satisfaction 8 2.1 Customer perceived value (CPV) 12 2.2 Total customer satisfaction 12 2.5 Customer Satisfaction Models 13 2.1 Kano model of Customer Satisfaction 13 vii MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 2.2 American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) 15 2.6 Customer Satisfaction diagram 17 2.1 Service quality definition 18 2.2 Gap model of service quality 19 2.3 Service quality measurement – SERQUAL 23 2.8 The important of factors 29 2.1 Impact of factors 30 2.9 Suggested research model and form hypothesis 31 2.1 Proposal of study model 31 2.2 Initial hypotheses 32 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH DESIGN 3.1 Designing the research 33 3.1 Dimensions measuring building services 35 3.5 Size of sample 39 CHAPTER 4 –OVERVIEW OF BUILDING MARKET IN HCMC 4.4 Vacancy 43 viii MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 4.7 Outlook 48 CHAPTER 5 – ANALYSIS AND RESULT 5.1 Characteristics of research samples 50 5.1 Variables for measuring service quality 50 5.2 Variables for customer satisfaction 51 5.1 Reliability evaluation through Cronbach’s Alpha 52 5.2 Regression analysis 54 CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.3 Research limitation 62 REFERENCES 63 APPENDICES 65 Appendix 1: Discussion Questionnaire 66 Appendix 2: Questionnaire 67 Appendix 3: Descriptive statistic result 70 Appendix 4: Cronbach’s Alpha analysis result 71 Appendix 5: Regression analysis result 74 Appendix 6: Terminology and definitions 76 Appendix 7 : Criteria for Classifying Office Building 77 ix MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 ABBREVIATIONS sm: Square meter psm: Per square meter q-o-q: Quarter on quarter y-o-y: Year on year NFA: Net floor area GFA: Gross floor area CBD: Central business district CPV: Customer perceived value SERVQUAL: Service quality CCTV: Close Circuit Television x MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 LIST OF CHARTS Chart 4.2 Total Supply 41 Chart 4.4 Vacancy Rate 44 Chart 4.5 Net Absorption 45 Chart 4.6 Estimated New Supply 47 xi MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.2 Service Quality Gap 8 Figure 2.3 Antecedents of expectations 10 Figure 2.1 Kano model of customer satisfaction 15 Figure 2.2 American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) 16 Figure 2.6 Customer Satisfaction Diagram 18 Figure 2.2 GAP model of service quality 23 Figure: 2.1 Relationship between Perception and Performance 31 Figure 2.1 Research model 32 Figure 3.1 Research design 33 Figure 3.2 Data analysis processing 35 Figure 4.1 Major office clusters 40 Figure 4.5 Major Leasing Transactions, Q 3 2010 46 Figure 5.1 Refresh Study Model 54 xii MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Characteristics of Service 7 Table 2.2 Determinants of quality in SERVQUAL 25 Table 3.1 Dimensions measuring building services 37 Table 3.2 Variables of Customer Satisfaction 38 Table 5.1 Descriptive statistics result of service quality measurement 51 Table 5.2 Variables for customer satisfaction 51 Table 5.1 Reliability Analysis 53 Table 5.2 Regression analysis result 55 xiii MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 ABSTRACT The benefits of good customer satisfaction on business as well as the costs of poor customer satisfaction have been clearly demonstrated in the research literature.
The SERVQUAL (Parasuraman, Zeithaaml, & Berry, 1985) is based on the premise that quality can be defined by the differences between the customer and the organization on the perceptions, expectations, and actual delivery of service. These gaps provide information that can be used to identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the processes and components of service. In turn, the business is able to implement adjustments in service delivery that directly improve customer satisfaction and profit. The purpose of this study was to develop a customer satisfaction survey in Sun Wah Tower to identify and examine the key factors that influence customer satisfaction.
A modified version of SERVQUAL was emailed to 108 tenants & 142 tenants’ employees. There were 200 samples collected qualified for used. The results show three major findings. Firstly, “assurance” has a strong significant effect on customer satisfaction, second is “tangible” and the other is “responsiveness”.
This information gives the landlord the clear understanding of not only what is important to their service, but also the requirements of customers. The results provide the landlord the precious information for service improvement to meet customer demands. The study concludes with recommendations for the organization. xiv MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement An expected imbalance of supply and demand in the next three years is due to new office space coming on stream.
Average rents across all grades are decreasing and have not yet bottomed out. Grade A rents experienced a further decline as new landlords lowered their rents to attract tenants to their buildings and existing buildings lowered their rents in-line with the new buildings in order to retain their existing tenants. The Ho Chi Minh City office market is facing the crucial problems for the first time since the establishment in 1994. Firstly the Ho Chi Minh City office market is facing oversupply and while many felt this is a good thing as rentals are reduced in-line with other Asian markets on the developer side it is considered a negative as newly built buildings carry huge bank loan debt and thus need to cannibalize tenants from the existing office buildings and attract them to lease that their new building.
The new building attracts the tenant to lease by offering numerous incentives such as generous rent free period or a rental holiday which means the tenant does not pay agreed upon rent during a certain period, free car and motorbike parking, flexible lease terms such as an early exit clause and accepting a bank guarantee letter in lieu of deposit and of course a lower than market rental rate. The new landlord or building has no choice as they must find tenants to occupy their building in order to begin a revenue stream in order to pay off bank loans and begin normal operations. With only a few tenants the operational costs are huge and thus the new landlord needs to find tenants as soon as possible to 1 MBAVB1 – MASTER PROJECT – DO THI THANH VAN – 2010 maintain cash-flow and be recognized as a new or reputable quality building in the local market. Secondly, problems arose with strata title tenants when prime landlords faced internal competition when strata title owners offered their space at rates much lower than standard building rates.