ABSTRACT The Xebangfai river is one of the main tributales of the Mekong river. The Xebangfai basin mainly covers two provinces namely Khammouan and Savannakhet. which frequency affected by flooding which caused from heavy rainfall together with Mekong water rising up. In order to provides the better understanding about flooding hazard and potential damage, this study aim to develop the innundation map in downstream of Xebangfai river and the result is very usefully for decision-making and provides the mitigation procedurce in lower Xebangfai basin.
The flood frequency analysis was done by using Pearson Type III distribution method to obtain a maximum total rainfall in 7 days for 5 years, 10 years, 50 years, 100 years and 200 years return period then construct design hyetographs base on the recorded data. The NAM and MIKE 11 models were calibrated and verified by using the periods floods data. Then the floods simulation and inundation maps were done for different return periods in order to determine the flood hazard and level of hazard in the study area. Finally, there are some recommendations for flood procedure were carried out in order to reduce the negative effects of floods.
DECLARATION hereby certify thatthe work which is being presented in thị thesis entitled, “Inundation Preparation Map and Flooding Mitigation Procedure for Xebangfai Basin, Khammouan Province in Laos PDR” in partial fulfilment for the award of the Master of Science in Disaster Management, is authentic record of my own work caried out under supervision of Dr. Vu Thanh Tu and Assoc Prof, Hoang Thanh Tung. “The matter embodied in thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree or diploma, Date: Signature: KHUMPHON SENGSOULIYA. ACKNOWLEGDEMENT Before I was successful on study and thesis ifI would not have been possible without kindly help of many people.
First and foremost, I would like to express my appreciation to all that helped me to finish this thesis, particularly my advisor Dr.VU THANH TU and co-advisor Associate Professor HOANG THANH TUNG for their guides and patient during my works for master’s degree 1 would like to thank you to NICHE-VNM 106 Project for their financial support during the MSC study at Thuy Loi University. would like to thank to all teachers and professors of Thuy Loi University, especially Dr. Nguyen Mai Dang, who gave me the opportunity of master course at this university I would like to thank all lecture of Master Degree Program in English on Di ster Management and thesis committee who provided the useful knowledge and skills durin, the course works and good comments for improving of this thesis as well. I would also like to thank all classmate of Master Degree Program in English on Disaster ‘Management that shared experiences on research and thesi writing, And thanks go to all agencies and individuals that provided data, information and material during data collection, model implementation and thesis writing which leaded to success for completing this study and thesis.
Finally, 1 would like to acknowledge my family for their constant support and ‘encouragement during the period of my study. Contents CHAPTER | INTRODUCTION LL THEpROMLEM SraTEMENT, 1. Omrcnves CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. THESTUDIED OFFLOOD SIMULATION AND ASSESSMENT.2 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES.
MmanTion FoR FLOODING.1 FRAMEWORK OF METHODOLOGY 3. FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS 32 Pearson type 3 distribution 322 Estimating design hyetographs/aydrograph. RAINFALL RUNor® MoDeL. 36 FLOOD ROUTING BY MIKE 11 Moet, 361 Governing equations 362 Boundary condition, 37 MIKELIGIS.9 FLOOD HAZARD ASSESSMENT.
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUPTHE STUDY AREA, au Location 412 Topography 413 District location and geography 4i4 ‘Water Resources Status. 415 Bathymetric data 416 ‘Maps and information 42. METEO-HYDROLOGICAL CONDITION. đai Climate 422 Data collection 43.
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPING DESIGN AND HYETOGRAPH 39 ai Frequency Analysis 39 432 Estimating Design Hyetographs and Developing Design Hydeographs. 40 CHAPTER 5 FLOOD HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION PROCEDURES 50 5.1 CALIBRATION AND VERIFICATION OF NAM MODEL. 50 sud NAM model for Xebangfai bridge no 13 sub-basin sp sud Verification sĩ 5. CALIBRATION AND VERIFICATION OF MIKE-11 32 5.
FLOOD SIMULATION ALONG RIVERS NETWORK. 3s 544 CONSTRUCTING FLOOD INUNDATION MAPS AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT 5s Sal (Constructing Flood Inundation Maps. s s42 Hazard Assessment a 55 FLOOD MITIGATION PROCEDURE. %6 ssi Background 66 532 Disaster Management Indittional Artangement for Lao PDR oa 533 Priority Areas.
s 56 STRUCTURE COMMITTEE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT FOR NONG BOK DISTRICT. 7 561 ‘Committee for disaster management of district evel a 562 ‘The roles and responsibilities okey sectors n 5. PREPAREDNESS MEASURES AGAINST THE FLOODING. 2B 571 Disaster Preparedness Activities.8 IMPLEMENTATION RESPONSE FOR DISASTER 74 sai Preparation disaster response 4 582 Practice disaster response 74 CHAPTER6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMIMANDATION.
RECOMMENDATION REFERENCE, LIST OF FIGURES. Figurel: Overview of methodology Figure 2:NAM model structural Figure3: Location of Xebangfai River Basin Figure 4: Location of NongBok District, Khammouan province Figure 5: Digital Elevation Map Xebangfai Basin in the Xebangfai basin Figure 6: Average of monthly rainfall at Mahaxay station Figure 7: Hyetograph of rainfall at Mahaxay station Figure 8: Hyetograph of rainfall at BanHay station. Figure 9: Hyetograph of rainfall at Xaibouathong station, Figure 10: Hyetograph of rainfall at Boualapha station. Figure 11: Several big flood discharges measured at Mahaxay station in Xebangfai river Figure 12: Several big flood discharges measured at Xebangfai bridge No 13 station in Xebangfai river Figure 13: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case1) at Mahaxay station.
we 14: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case2) at Mahaxay station. Figure 15: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case) at Banhay station, Figure 16: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case2) at Banhay station, Figure 17: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case1) at Xaibouathong station, Figure 18: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case2) at Xaibouathong station Figure 19: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case) at Boualapha station Figure 20: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case2) at Boualapha station, ie 21: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case1) at Xebangfai station. Figure 22: Actual hyetograph of rainfall (case2) at Xebangfai station Figure 23: Design hydrographs corresponding to various return periods at Mahaxay station Figure 24: Design hydrographs corresponding to various return periods at Xebangfai bridge No 13 station Figure 25: Inundation map duc to flood of 5 year return period in NongBok district, Khammouan province Figure 26: Inundation map due to flood of 10 year return period in NongBok district, Khammouan provinee Figure 27: Inundation map due to flood of 50 year return period in NongBok district, Khammouan province Figure 28: Inundation map due to flood of 100 year return period in NongBok disrict, Khammouan province Figure 29: Inundation map due to flood of 200 year return period in NongBok district, Khammouan province Figure 30: The synthesized hazard level of 5 year return period Figure 31: Disaster Management Institutional Arrangement for Lao PDR, LIST OF TABLE Tablel: Hydro-Meteorological data Table2: Average of monthly discharge at Mahaxay and Bridge No 13 (1m) Table 3: Maximum water levels of big floods at some station (m, MSL) Table 4: Result of frequency analysis of maximum rainfall during 7 days at various station ‘Table 5: Result of frequency analysis of maximum discharge at various return periods ‘Table 6: Result of frequency analysis of maximum discharge at various return periods Table 7: Values ofdesign hyetograph of 5 year return period corresponding to different rainfall distribution at Mahaxay sta jon (mm). Table 8: Values of design hyetograph of 5 year return period corresponding to different rainfall distribution at Banhay station (mm).
Table 9: Values of design hyetograph of 5 year return period corresponding to different rainfall distribution at Xaibouathong station (mm), ‘Table 10: Values of design hyetograph of Š year return period corresponding to different rainfall distribution at Boualapha station (mm), ‘Table 11: Values of design hyetograph of Š year return period corresponding to different rainfall distribution at Xebangfai station (mm). Table 11: Parameters and Initial condition of MIKE-NAM for Xebangfai brid basin ‘Table 12 differences in peak of observed and simulate hydrographs in Calibrate at Xebangfa bridge No 13 station, ‘Table 13: Difference in peaks of observed and simulated hydrographs in Verification at Xebangfai bridge No 13 station. ‘Table 14: Difference of simulated and observed maximum water levels from O1-28 in ‘Aug-2005 at Tohen station Table 15: Difference of simulated and observed maximum water levels from 8-21- August 1009 at Tohen station ‘Table 16: Total area (ha) corresponding to each interval of inundation depth (m) in upstream, ‘Table 17: Total area (ha) corresponding to each interval of inundation depth (m) in downstream, ‘Table 18: The percentage of area at each hazard level ABBREVIATION Lao PDR Lao People Democratie Republic MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment DMH Department of Meteorology and Hydrology GOL Government of Lao MRC ‘Mekong River Commission LNMC Lao National Mekong River Committee ADB ASIAN Development Bank DHL Danish Hydraulie Institute as Geographic Information Systems DEM Digital Elevation Model NAM 'Nedbor Afsromnings Model NGO ‘Non-Government Organization NN2 Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool XBF ‘Xebangfai River MSL ‘Measure Sea Level UNDP Unite Nation Development Plan ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre DDPMC Department of Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Committee NDMC National Disaster Management Committee DRR Disaster Risk Reduction NDPCC National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee pecc Disaster Prevention and Control Committee CHAPTER INTRODUCTION LL The problem statement ‘The Laos country a landlocked and located in Southeast Asia, it surrounded by Myanmar, Cambodia, hina, Thailand and Vietnam. The total area of 236.Smillion, it covered by 46% forest and TÔ % mountainous seographieally, Lao PDR is dominated by two features: The Mountains of the North and East and the Mekong River and its eastern bank tributaries with torrential flow regime ‘The climate is tropical monsoon with alternating wet and dry.
Both have six months uration, wet season from May to October and dry season from November to April Lao PDR is a country that it’s suffering natural disaster and the events damaged with property, houses, building, land use, agriculture and factory such as flooding, drought, earthquake, tropical storms, Hurricane and ete. Flood has significant impacts on infrastructure, agriculture, forestry, water resources, health and economic growth, livelihoods of Lao people. Since the year 1966, the flood cause grate losses tothe national economy and the livelihood of people. According to the flood record from 1966- 1995(FAO, 2003) and food report from MRC, flood significantly affected a large proportion of the paddy rice field in the country.
Laos is prone to regular flooding due to vicinity of major rivers like Mekong and Sekong, rivers, Apart from Mekong, there are several minor rivers like Nam Ou, Xebangfai, Xebangheng, Xekong, Nam Jha, and Nam beng, Nam San, Nam Ngiep, Nam Ngum, [Nam Lik, and Xedone which are responsible for floods in the country. There are several flooding which are reported to be triggered by storms. Severe Tropical Storm 'Xangsane’ in 2006 caused severe floods in central and southern part of the country affected the community. In the study area, it was occurred the flooding in the lower XBF in every year which caused from heavy rainfall together with Mekong wa ing up.
The flood situation flow from Nam Theun2 Hydroelectric project. The Nam Theun2 Hydroelectric project transfers of water from the Nakai reservoir in the Nam Theun basin to the XBF basin. “The flood levels inthe lower XBF including the XBF river area and the confluence with the Mekong back which is dominant by the Mekong River. The average additional flow to the XBE will be approximately 220 ms, with a maximum of 315 mvs.
The flooding event affected for social-economic, public service, life living of people. So the flooding problem is important that stakeholder have to cooperate to manage of flooding by using ‘map hazard for a good making-decision to management in flooding area, Nong Bok district is suffering disaster every year by flooding and drought. There are Villages risk from flooding event that it impacts with people, animal, household, land use, agriculture area, public service, road and ete.