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Universi Microfilms international 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Mi 48106 9326792 Johnston, James Grover AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONFORMANCE OF BANK INTERNAL AUDITORS WITH INTERNAL AUDITING STANDARDS University of Missouri - Columbia PH. 1982 University Microfilms international 400 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI48108 PLEASE NOTE: in all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy.
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Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. Two pages numbered. 14, Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Other University Microfilms International AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONFORMANCE OF BANK INTERNAL AUDITORS WITH INTERNAL AUDITING STANDARDS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by James G.
Silvoso DISSERTATION SUPERVISOR December, 1982 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate Faculty, have examined a thesis entitled AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONFORMANCE OF BANK INTERNAL AUDITORS WITH INTERNAL AUDITING STANDARDS presented by James G. Johnston a candidate for the degree of Ph. in Accountancy and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express appreciation to Dr.
Silvoso for the guidance he provided throughout my doctoral program and for his advise and comments during the completion cf this project. Also, I wish to thank Dr. Skelly for serving as a reader of this dissertation, and Dr. Holstein for his helpful comments, especially in Chapters VII and VIII.
Special thanks must also be expressed to Mr. Smolinski of Louisiana Tech University for his constant encouragement. My greatest appreciation is to my wife, Karolyn, who endured these years of study with patience and love, and to my daughters, Teri and Dana, who never complained about the sacrifices that were asked of them. Li TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS a.
+ + ° * LL LIST OF TABLES. vil Chapter T INTRODUCTION aớẲỬẲỬ. an 5 ° ° Research Question. @ @ © # © 4 Contribution of the Study.
3 ° @ *# a @ © @ Review of the Literature : We + &© &® @ 2 © # Research Setting. + + « « > ` Ơn e ©» 2» © © © Methods of Analysis ._ *® * - Organization of Xemainder of Study » 2 ~ It HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNAL AUDITING: EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY (1900-1940). ° Early Twentieth Century (1900-1940) @ © #& Environment ` ¬ © «4 © Changing Technology. © 28 8 © 8 #8 @ » & Financing and Reporting © © 2 © © 8 @ @ © Internal Auditing.
«© @© © = © © © © * Bank Internal Auditing. Summary of Early Years. eo eo o - = * Hài HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNAL AUDITING: THE WAR YEARS (1941-1955) ° * 8 « 8 6 eo * The War Years (1941-1955). + * © © © @ Environment rr * « & © 8 & War Production and Firm Size © @© © © © Management Structure.
© » © 8 © @ © © Manpower « « « 6 2 «© « = © , © # © 8 Internal Auditing. © © » © @ = @ Bank Internal Auditing. 6s © ®Ò ¢ # 2 Summary of the War Years oo“ eo es 7 o 2 LLi 1V HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNAL AUDITING: RECENT YEARS (1956-PRESENT). e + + 51 The Recent Years (1956-Present).
var * 32 © n8 Diversification and. Foreign Expansion 54 @© &© Government Regulation. «© 2 «+ ee s * 57 #© © @ Bank Internal Auditing. * 64 © © @ Summary of the Recent Years.
e 67 28©- * * Historical Perspective: Conclusion * 79 .o as * Vv THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDITING STANDARDS: (1900-1955). 76 Need for Standards ,. ‹ 77 Early Twentieth Century (1900--1940) 78 Early Standards for Independent Accountants. 79 Internal Auditing - Prior to "1940 82 The War Years.
ae ee 84 Establishment of Standards by Independent Accountants. 84 Term "Generally Accepted Auditing Standards”. 6 2 2 2 se ee 85 Disagreement between Committee and Commission. ‹ soe 86 Distinction between Standards and Procedures.
° 87 Opposition co Establishment } £ Standards cee ee es + * * © 89 & Lack of Participation. e * + 90 @ # Delay Caused by War., e * 90 ee &© The Tentative Outline. © Adoption by Membership. 93 d * « © 8 The Fourth Reporting Standar d Adde 93 8s © Some Misunderstandings.
es Applicability of Statements on Auditing Procedure. 95 Enforcement of Standards. 96 Public Accounting Auditing Standards in Summary. 96 @ Bank Auditor's Contributions.
97 #© Internal Auditing Standards Progress 99 ¢© The 1947 Statement. 103 iv VI THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDITING STANDARDS: (1956-PRESENT). «© wo « 110 Changes in the Standard Setting Process for Independent Accountants 110 Statement on Standards for Accounting and Review Services Statement on Responsibilities in Tax Practice. * * Statement on Standards for Management Advisory Services © & @ ® @ Bank Internal Auditing Standards #8 8 © 8 & Internal Auditing Standards.
ee The 1976 Revision. * 2 « = Establishing Internal Auditin 5 Standards. The Adoption of the Standards Summary. 6 + 1 8 © # ew VII THE RESEARCH METHOD.
* * Banks Included in Survey Population © @ © #8 Banks Included in Sample. «+ « #8 @# #8 © © 9 @ © «@ Non-Response Bias. s9 © © @ #8 @ 2 2 # @ Questionnaire ee we ©» @© © © © ˆ 8 & @. 2» es e « + © © ^ˆ » © © 8 © © Weighting of Responses #© «© © «© © © s # © @ Data Analysis.
ee =a = °ằ = » - VIIEI INTERNAL BANK AUDITORS COMPLIANCE WITH THE STANDARDS. - > + 159 Conformance Versus Size of Bank. 160 Conformance Versus Size of Audit SCaf£, 165 Conformance Versus Number of Certified Personnel .« « » « + « » 166 @ © Federal Versus State Charter. * ° * 170 8 © Membership in Federal Reserve System 174 = Overall Compliance.
176 oe oso Weakest Areas for "Professional Proficiency". w 181 Weakest Areas for "Scope of Work" ` 181 Membership in Institute of Internal Auditors. vs 6 1 ee 4 « 183 Summary. 2 2 « © «© wo + 183 IX SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
189 Summary of the History of Internal Auditing 189 Development of Internal Auditing Standards 192 Research Method *. » e * + 193 © © Test of Hypotheses 194 @ `. * @ 8 #8 8 © @ 8 @© @ Recommendations + 199 7 «@ 2 © ` 2 # 202 oo “a os Future Research -_ oo eo 5. « « «= - 224 vị LIST OF TABLES Changes in the Environment and Impact on Internal Auditing (1900-1940).
30 Changes in the Environment and Impact on Internal Auditing (1941-1955). 6 » e « « 47 Changes in the Environment and Impact on Internal Auditing (1956-Present). 69 Correlation of Public Accounting Standards to Internal Auditing Standards. 127 Stratification of Banks Included in Study.
136 Response Rates for Each Stratum. «s+ s+ se s 140 Responses to Questionnaire +. « + se es 142 Test for Nonresponse BiaS. 2 6 2 6 2 ee ew 144 Question Numbers on Questionnaires Related to General Adreas and Specific Standards.
6 2 6 se ee ew ee es 156 11, Correlation of Bank Rank and Scores Achieved on Questionnaire. «2 6 6 ee ne we es 162 12. Achieved Score by Strata. Correlation of Number of Personnel on Audit Staffs and Scoves Achieved on Questionnaire.
167 Correlation of Number of Personnel Holding Professional Certification and Scores Achieved on Questionnaire. Scores Achieved by State and National Banks. Type of Charter Versus Scores Achieved. 173 VLiL 17, Scores Achieved by Members and Nonmembers of the Federal Reserve System.
Membership Status in the Federal Reserve System Versus Scores Achieved. Percent of Maximum Scores Achieved by Banks. Percent of Scores Acnieved in General Areas by Banks. 6 ew ee te ee s 130 21.
Disciplines not Represented on Audit Staffs 182 22. Activities Receiving Little Consideration * 184 23. Scores Achieved by Banks Based Upon Membership of the Director of Internal Auditing in The Institute of Internal Auditors. INTRODUCTION Internal auditing professional practice standards were recently developed by the Professional Standards and Responsibilities Committee of The Institute of In- ternal Auditors.
While standards for the practice of public accounting have existed for many years ,* the stan~ dards for internal auditing developed by the Institute's Committee marked the initial effort to develop standards for measuring and evaluating operations of an internal audit department of business and non-business enterprises. The standards for internal auditing address the areas of independence, professional proficiency, scope of work, performance of audit work, and the management of the in- ternal audit department. Research Question This study addresses the following research question: How well do internal auditors of banks presently conform to internal auditing professional practice standards?