BANKING ACADEMY FINANCE MAJOR - ADVANCED PROGRAM. ---------------- GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: FACTORS AFFECTING BANK LOAN ACCESSIBILITY. TRAN NGOC MAI. STUDENT : TO DUC LONG.
CLASS : K19 CLC TCA. Hanoi, 2020 MANIFESTO OF ORIGINALITY AND WORD COUNT On the top of thesis, I claim that this graduation project is created on my original work, my knowledge, but quotations and citations are an exception, which have been duly acknowledged. Moreover, I also claim that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other course/degree at Banking Academy as well as other organizations. The number of word in my thesis is 10056 words.
TO DUC LONG MAY 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS After the internship period, I have completed my graduation thesis and obtained various experiences during practice. My assignment would not have been made complete without the significant support of various citizens. I want to thank all people who helped me. At first, I would give my sincere thanks to my supervisor at Banking Academy,(BA), Dr.Tran Ngoc Mai.
She gave me some detailed instructions and some effective methods. Secondly, I want to give an honest thanks to Nguyen Van Hien( who is the CEO of HECO), and Le Thi hai Yen( who is a Vice director of Vietin Bank- Hai ba Trung Branch). They helped me to complete this thesis with the best result. Furthermore, a sincerely thank Tran Thai, Nguyen Quang Minh, To Lan Phuong, Nguyen Bao Anh, Trinh Thuy Linh, Nguyen Quang Linh, Le Khanh Viet who spent their time to help me build questionnaires and bring my questionnaires to their members in their company, their bank.
I also thank all staff who answered my survey. Last but not least, I give a significant thanks to some previous researchers. Their researchers are very meaningful for me to complete my research. I hope that my research will gain good feedbacks and have significant attention from lecturers and readers.
Due to some limitations, my thesis definitely cannot avoid certain shortcomings, so, I hope to receive some feedback to complete the thesis better 1 SUMMARY Nowadays, The Government of Vietnam has a lot of blueprints that promote constructing a new firm. As a result, the number of SMEs is increased dramatically, which leads to the demand for enlarging resources and the market is higher and bigger, come in all shapes and sizes. Particularly, they should have a lot of money to do it. The easiest way to have more money is by borrowing money from banks.
However, a high number of bankruptcy cases put banks at risk when they accept for SMEs to borrow money. If bankers want to accept SMEs to borrow money, bankers must know a lot of information about that firm, including some inside and some outside information. The information of firms would play a vital role in evaluating some business activities of a firm and making a decision. My research would help banks search and understand about the most necessary information in a firm, and avoid the risk.
Moreover, my research would help SMEs to find an effective way to have a loan from banks. Therefore, the purpose of the project “FACTORS AFFECTING BANK LOAN ACCESSIBILITY.” would support both sides to know the necessary element of firms to determine the accessibility for loans of banks. To have the best result in this research, I would collect data through a survey and analyze data by SPSS 20. 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ROE : Return on Equity.
ROA : Return on Asset. SMEs : Small and Medium Enterprises. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. The structure of thesis.
6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. 18 CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY. 23 CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS .1 Result of Sampling. Suggestion for Further Researches .1 Introduction Currently, in Vietnam, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are contributing to the development of the economy.
According to the authorities, SMEs account for 95% of total businesses in Vietnam, contribute more than 40% of GDP, have more than 50% of the total labor. The reality shows that the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises is growing and become an integral part of every nation's economy. Firstly, SMEs create job opportunities for people. Secondly, SMEs play an important role in stabilizing and promoting economic growth.
SMEs are considered as shock absorbers for the economy before big changes. Thirdly, SMEs create an economy that will become more dynamic, flexible, and can adaptable to the fluctuation of the market. To fund the cost of business activities, SMEs need Capital. Capital is considered as one of the most important keys to ensuring the existence of the legal status of a business.
Capital did not only ensure the ability to buy machinery, equipment, and technology to serve the production process but also ensures business activities will be piercing, continuous. Capital is an important factor determining the production and business capacity of an enterprise and establishing its position in the market. Therefore, most of the companies want to expand their Capital through issuing stock, bond, and borrow money from banks. In reality, some companies cannot issue stocks, bonds, so they need to have some loans from banks.
However, in reality, but not all the SMEs can easily access to the financial market. To be granted bank loans, SMEs need to understand what factors affecting the decision of bankers. Hence, the aim of my research will help SMEs to seek knowledge about it. Moreover, my research also can help bankers find some important elements in firms to approve a loan for SMEs.
To gain this aim, the overview and the reality of firms will be showed to support readers have a general knowledge about my study. Next step, several studies for financial statements (including some types, methods to apply, or some influents), 5 element of firms bank loans would be illustrated. In addition, there are several questions for this topic 1. What type of information is used in determining the accessibility of a loan of Vietnamese banks? 2.
For lenders, how to provide information to have bank loans accessibility? 3. What is the method to improve the amount, the quality, and the system of information in a determinate operation? 4. For banks, which elements of the firms are important when valuing a business? According to most of the previous research, they did not analyze the value of each data, which is the necessary data, need considering more than any data. My study will help both sides know the necessary elements of fims as well as also powerful factors for getting the accessibility for a loan.
Moreover, my thesis could give some radical factor that affects loans from banks. Previous studies often used quantitative methods, based on the analysis of ROA, ROE. However, my research would use quantitative and qualitative method, and focus on many factors in firms through interviews with directors, the banker. My research would use information collected from 6 banks of Vietnam banks, including Vietin Bank, ACB, Agribank, Vietcombank, Sacombank, BIDV Bank, to analyze data.
The structure of thesis Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature review In this part, I would illustrate some crucial concepts, some theories of accounting information, and other elements. Particularly in some data, some elements in firms that could affect the accessibility for a loan of banks. In addition, this chapter would review some previous thesis; some previous studies which have a similar topic, their results, their suggestions combine with their restrictions. Chapter 3: Data and Methodology Some effective ways combine with blueprints that used to make this study, such as researching way, data source, information collection, data collections, research tools, some samplings would be showed in this chapter.
6 Chapter 4: Empirical analysis In this part, I would pay attention to analyze all the collected data to illustrate an overview, with a specular view of the function factors in firms the bank loan accessibility of Vietnamese banks. Chapter 5: Conclusion According to a result, these final chapters would sum up all results from the research. Particularly, I would illustrate some recommendations about a firm and some recommendations for banks to determine decisions. 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW To have the best decision, a banker needs to collect data that comes from financial statements.
As a result, financial statements illustrate all financial transactions and activities in a corporation. Financial statements have another name, which is called financial reports. This report presents and reports important financial information in an easy form to understand. There are four main types of financial statement:Balance sheet, Income statement, Cash flow statement: Statement of retained earnings or equity.
According to Ekhaa Boushnak, Mohamed A. Rageb (2018), this study used inductive strategy associated with a qualitative research approach was adopted, Data were collected by attached email questionnaire survey and was constructed after a careful review of prior researches. The researcher showed the conceptual framework as insight on how they are created from the literature review and practical experiences from the researcher, the framework will be constructed in regards to the research questions. The Credit Decision for lending SMEs was treated as Dependent Variables, while the Factors affecting Credit Decision-Maker’s for lending SMEs were the 5 Cs of lending “Customers Character - Collaterals – Capacity - Capital size - Conditions”, and the availability of Legal Documents, Credit Bureau Report, Business Plan, availability and credibility of Financial Statements, they were the independent variable.
After analyzing by SPSS, their outcome shows that there is a significant relation between Owner-Managers Character, Capacity, Firm Capital Size, Credit Bureau Report, and the Availability and Credibility of Financial Statements with Credit Decision for lending SMEs, while, unrelated elements, such as Collateral, Conditions, Availability for Legal Documents and Business Plan, were omitted from the framework. Thus, the final framework might provide a guideline for credit decision-makers to concentrate on testing specific factors in every customer. However, the majority of these factors should be used as a bundle, which will reduce the uncertainty and time consuming for the credit officers when preparing the credit proposal. In 2013, Dao Van Khoa had research "Improving the quality of lending to small and medium enterprises at Vietin Bank - Cua Lo branch".
Following to this 8 dissertation, the author has set up basic theoretical issues related to lending activities, the quality of lending activities in Vietin Bank- Cua Lo branch. By analyzing the current situation of lending activities at Vietin Bank - Cua Lo Branch by qualitatively and quantitatively method, the author finds out some problem, analyze the causes of these problems to propose solutions to improve loan quality, and overcome existing limitations. However, the author focuses too deeply on the use of credit capital for the right purpose at the enterprise so the main measures proposed also stand on the enterprise's perspective. Fatoki & Odeyemi (2010) studied empirically the determinants of access to commercial credit by small and medium enterprises in South Africa.
The study found that out of 417 small and medium-sized businesses, only 71 could access commercial credit. The results of logistic regression show that management capacity, business plan availability, factors of trade associations, previous relationship, location, business size, insurance, and consolidation would affect bank loan accessibility of SMEs. Moreover, the connection between businesses and financial institutions reduces information asymmetry. This tends to influence risky financial decisions.
According to Dao & ctg (2016), the Logit model was used to explore the credit accessibility of 756 SMEs and the questionnaire to find out the reasons for lack of connection between banks and SMEs in Ben Tre province. The results show that the educational level of the manager, the financial index, the value of the enterprise's assets, the loan of the enterprise from Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, the distance to the credit institution are factors affecting the access to credit of SMEs. Thus, in relation to banks, the main factors affecting SMEs' access to credit are financial information and distance to banks. The financial ratios would affect significantly to bank loan accessibility.