BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN TRAN THI NHI UNG DUNG • MARKETING TRONG HOAT • DONG • KINH DOANH TAI • CONG TY DU LICH • QUANG NAM - DA NANG CHUYEN NGANH: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH DU LICH KHACH SAN MA SO: 50205 TRUNG TAM TL.TT THLTVIEn| PlidNG LUAMN-LUAN va m ! LU AN AN THAC SI KHOA HOC KINH Tfi MTS £bb. Ngildi hudng dan khoa hoc: PGS. Nguyen Van Dinh Ha noi - 1998 Sluan air t/iac iC k/ioa hoc /inJt te cJ'tancp J phAn mo dAu l.Tinh cap thiet cua de tai: Du lich la mot nhu cau nay sinh trong ddi song kinh te - xa hoi, gia ting cung nhip do ting trudng cua nen kinh te.Trong nhung nim gan day vdi su doi moi ve chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc ta, nganh kinh doanh du lich phat trien ngay cang nhanh ve so lu'png va nang cao ve chat lupng. Song voi su bung ra manh me cua cac co’ so’ kinh doanh luu tru thuoc cac thanh phan kinh te khac nhau da tao ra su canh tranh gay git giua cac doanh nghiep khach san, su mat can dOi giua cimg va cau ve dich vu luu tru, khien cho hoat dong tim kiem thi trudng, khach hang ngay cang trO nen kho khin hon.
■ De’ t6n tai va phat trien trong nPn kinh te thi trudng day bien dong nay, cac doanh nghiep phai chap nhan va co cach ring xd linh hoat phu hpp vdi su van dong cua cac qui luat kinh te. Do dic diem san pham du lich lien quan den rat nhiPu nganh nghe, cac to chric xa hoi, no thuc su la san pham tong hop, do vay no bi chi phoi bOi rat nhiPu yeu to chung cua nen kinh te thi trudng. Mot trong nhdng qui luat het sric khic nghiet do la qui luat canh tranh ma cac doanh nghiep luon phai doi pho. Qua trinh hoat dong san suat kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep du lich 0 Da ning, dic biet o Cong ty du lich Quang Nam - Da Ning con nhiPu bat cap,ket qua dat dupc chua tuong xring vdi tiPm nSng du lich tren dia ban va kha ning cua Cong ty.
Do la su nhan thric vP co hoi kinh doanh, cac nguy co cung nhu viec phan tich cac die’m manh, die’m yeu cua doanh nghiep, su nhan thric ve to chric hoat dong marketing con qua don gian, phien dien va chua thuc su xet marketing nhu la mot he thong, chiu anh huOng manh me cua cac hoat dong ben ngoai va ben trong doanh nghiep. Dieu do se tat yeu dan den ket qua han che trong hoat dong kinh doanh du lich cua minh. Vdi mong muon dupc gop mot phan nho be vao su phat .trien cua Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam - Da Ning toi da manh dan chon de tai : " Ung dung marketing trong hoat dong kinh doanh tai Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam - Da nang lam de tai nghien criu cho luan an cua minh Studn an //tac it //wa /ioc /cin/i te •J'lCMUf 2 2.Muc dich nghien cihi cua luan an : Tren cd sd If luan vP hoat dong marketing, luan an di san phan tich, danh gia thtfc trang hoat dong marketing cua cong ty va phan tich moi trtfd’ng hoat dong kinh giai phap co’ ban nhcim giup cho cac doanh nghiep nang cao duo’c hieu qua trong hoat dong kinh doanh du lich cua minh. Doi tifcfng, pham vi nghien ciiii ciia luan an: De tai lay hoat dong marketing cua cong ty du lich Quang Nam - Da Nfing trong tinh hinh hien nay lam dPi ttfo'ng nghien ctfu.
Pham vi nghien cdu cua dP tai chu yPu trong moi triidng kinh doanh du lich tai thanh phP Da nfing va stf van dung kiPn thitc marketing vao thtfc tiPn tai Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam - Da ndng. Phifo’ng phap nghien cihi: Sit dung cac phtfo’ng phap duy vat bien chtfng, duy vat lich sit va ttf duy doi moi de phan tich, tong hdp cac ttf lieu thtfc tP de diia ra nhiing giai phap nhMm nang cao chat ltfdng hoat dong kinh doanh du .lich tai Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam - Da N3ng. Nhiing dong gop ciia luan an: - Khai quit hoa ly luan ve vai tro marketing trong kinh doanh du lich de ttf do thay dtfpc stf can thiPt phai day manh hoat dong marketing trong cac doanh nghiep du lich noi chung va Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam - Da Ndng noi rieng. - Danh gia tong quat nhtfng cd hoi ,de doa cua moi trtfdng marketing va diem manh,diem yeu trong hoat dong marketing cua Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam -Da NSng,giup Cong ty nhan thitc dung vi thP kinh doanh ciia minh.
- DP ra nhtfng giai phap mang tinh dinh hiidng giup lanh dao Cong ty van dung de thtfc hanh quan tri nhdm tao diPu kiPn day manh hoat dong marketing cua Cong ty trong ttfdng lai. Bo cue ciia luan an : Ngoai ldi mb dau, kPt luan, danh muc cac tai lieu tham khao luan an gom ba chtfdng: Chifo’ng I. Cd sd ly'luan vP hoat dong marketing trong kinh doanh du lich. Chu’tfng II.
Phan tich va danh gia thtfc trang hoat dong marketing tai Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam-Da ndng trong thoi gian qua. Chir’tfng III. Nhtfng giai phap chii yeu nhdm day manh hoat dong marketing cua Cong ty Du lich Quang Nam-Da nSng Swan an l/iac fc/ioa hoc hinh le Pfaanij 3 chuUng I CO’ sd LY LU AN vA HO AT DONG MARKETING • • • TRONG KINH DOANH DU LICH• 1.1 CAC v An d£ CO BAN vfe MARKETING.1 Khai niem ve marketing va marketing dn lich. Theo quan diem cua Philip Kotler,"Marketing la hoat dong cua con ngitdi hudng to’i sit thoa man nhu can va mong muon thong qua cac tidn trinh trao doi".
Hiep hoi Marketing Hoa Ky (American Marketing Association, 1985) cho rdng, "Marketing la qua trinh lap va thitc hien ke hoach, dinh gia, khuydn mai va phan phoi san pham, dich vu va y tudng de tao ra sit trao doi, thoa man nhitng muc tieu cua khach hang va to chitc". Dinh nghia nay thita nhan marketing la mot tidn trinh bao gom phan tiehjap kd hoach,thitc hien va kiem tra. Nd lien quan den san pham,dich vu va y tifong va dita tren y niem trao doi,muc dich cua nd la tao ra sit thoa man cho cac ben tham gia. Cac tidn trinh trao doi cd lien quan den hang loat cac cong vide.
Ngitdi ban phai tim ngitdi mua, dinh ro nhu cau cua ho, phac hoa san pham thich dang, quang cao chung, bao quan va van chuyen chung,v.Nhitng hoat dong nhit nghien citu thi trudng, phat trien san pham, quang cao, phan phdi, lap gia va sit phuc vu tao thanh cac hoat dong marketing cot yeu. Vd marketing du lich ,To chdc du lich Thd gidi ( World Tourism Organization ) dinh nghia: "Marketing la mot tridt ly quan tri ma nhd nghien citu, du doan, tuyen chon dita tren nhu cau cua' du khach, nd cung cap nhitng san pham, dich vu ra thi tritdng sao cho phti hpp vdi muc dich thu nhieu lo’i nhuan cua to chitc du lich do". Mot dinh nghia khac Marketing du lich cua Micheal Coltman nhit sau: "Marketing du lich la he thdng nhitng nghien citu va hoach dinh vdi muc dich lap dinh cho mot to chitc mot tridt ly dieu hanh hoan chinh va toan bo nhitng sach I ifoc va chidn thuat bao gom: nhitng quy mo hoat dong,the thitc cung cap,bau khong khi du lich, phu'o'ng phap quan tri, du doan sit yiec, lap ngan quy, an dinh gia ca va quang cao, khuydn mai". Tom lai, marketing du lich khong phai la mot hoat dong ridng le hay mot chuoi cac hoat dong khac nhau lidn ket lai, ma nd la sit tito’ng ho cua nhidu hoat dong phu Studn an tlac bi //tea, /oc /cin/b te cac hoat dong khac nhau lien ket lai, ma nd la sU tUdng ho cua nhidu hoat dong phu thuoc vao nhau.
Nd la mot he thong (hay la mot tien trinh) de doi pho nhung cong viec phuc tap khac nhau. Chi khi nao mot to chuc nhin nhung cong viec nay nhu la mot he thong chSt che cac moi tUo'ng quan, thi to? chuc do mdi cd the dat dupc muc dich cua minh la thoa man nhu cau khach hang ve san pham du lich va thu dupc lpi nhuan ky vong.2 Cac triet ly marketing trong kinh doanh du lich. Chung ta mo ta marketing nhu la nd luc cd y thtfc de dat dupe nhung ket qua trao doi mong muon vdi thi trUdng.Va cd 5 triet ly cd ban chi dao cac to chuc kinh doanh du lich thuc hanh cong viec marketing cua ho. Triet ly san xuat chu trUo’ng ding ngUo’i tieu dung se Ua chuong nhung san pham cd sdn va dupc bay ban rong rai vdi gia thap.
Vi vay, doanh nghiep nen tap trung vao viec day manh san xuat cung nhu phan phoi san pham. Quan diem nay thich hdp trong trUo’ng hpp cung chua dap ting cau,khi do ngUdi mua se quan tarn nhieu den viec cd dupe san pham de tieu dung hon la chu trong den nhung thuoc tinh tinh te cua chat lupng san pham,nhung se rat kho thuc hien khi cung vUdt qua cau vi gia ca thap va sU dd dang trong mua sMm khong con la nhung yeu to chu yeu ma ngUo’i tieu dung can phai can nhde khi chon mua san pham. Quan diem nay se khien nha cung Ung du lich thieu chu dong, khong nhan biet nhung bien doi ciia thi trUo’ng,nhu sU thay doi nhu cau du khach , sU xuat hien doi thu canh tranh mdi, nhung san pham thay the cd the thoa man nhu cau thi trUo’ng tot ho’n. Ngay nay, thuc tb canh tranh cua cac to? chuc du lich khong chap nhan quan diem nay bo’i vi so ndi du lich dang ddi khach cang ngay cang nhidu cung vdi sU di lai de dang va viec bao tron chuyen du lich.
Triet ly san pham. Nhung ngUdi ung ho triet ly nay tin ding du khach Ua thich nhung san pham du lich cd chat lupng tot,each thuc phuc vu tuyet had va dUdng nhien la cong ty cong hien tai luc cua minh de cd dupc nhung san pham cai tien lien tuc. Quan diem nay chi hUu ich khi nha san xuat cd nhung budc tich cUc trong viec tao ra nhilng san phdm khac biet va lap. gia cho san pham mdi nay mot each hap dan, giao nd ddn cac kenh phan phoi tien lpi,kiem each lam cho nhung ai can den phai chu y va thuyet phuc dupe hp ring nd cd nhung pham chat tuyet hao.
TTudn an t/iac 6c h/ioa hoc /tin/ te •5 ban lanh dao chi chii trong den san pham va cai tien nd theo quan diem cua minh ma khong xuat phat tit nhu cau va lpi ich ciia du khach.Ho khong dupe quen rSng,ngitdi mua khong mua mot san pham,ma mua mot giai phap lam thoa man nhu cau.