MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: COMPUTER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DESIGN A PWM FOR DC-DC BOOST CONVERTERS ON 180nm CMOS INSTRUCTOR: VO MINH HUAN STUDENT: LE VAN SY CHU DUC TIEN Ho Chi Minh city, June 2024 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GRADUATION PROJECT DESIGN A PWM FOR DC-DC BOOST CONVERTERS ON 180nm CMOS LE VAN SY Student ID: 20119156 CHU DUC TIEN Student ID: 20119167 Major: COMPUTER ENGINEER TECHNOLOGY Advisor: VO MINH HUAN, Assoc. Ho Chi Minh City, June 2024 1 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION GRADUATION PROJECT DESIGN A PWM FOR DC-DC BOOST CONVERTERS ON 180nm CMOS LE VAN SY Student ID: 20119156 CHU DUC TIEN Student ID: 20119167 Major: COMPUTER ENGINEER TECHNOLOGY Advisor: VO MINH HUAN, Assoc. Ho Chi Minh City, June 2024 2 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness Ho Chi Minh City, June 24th, 2024 GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT Student name: Le Van Sy Student ID: 20119156 Student name: Chu Duc Tien Student ID: 20119167 Major: Computer Engineering Technology Class: 20119CLA3 Advisor: Vo Minh Huan, Assoc. Phone number: 0386 044 375 Date of assignment: 26/2/2024 Date of submission: 24/06/2024 1.
Project title: DESIGN A PWM FOR DC-DC BOOST CONVERTERS ON 180nm CMOS 2. Initial materials provided by the advisor: Sun, Daying; Hu, Jiayi; Wang, Chong; Cheng, Xiong; Gu, Wenhua. A Delay-Line DPWM Architecture with Compensation Module and Delay-adjustable Unit Based on DLL. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 3.
Content of the project: The topic is about using Cadence Virtuoso to simulate the operating state of the PWM in a DC-DC converter 4. Final product: The result is a waveform simulation when an analog signal is input, and a digital signal is output CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM ADVISOR (Sign with full name) (Sign with full name) 3 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template 4 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template 5 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness Ho Chi Minh City, June 24th, 2024 PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET Student name:. Name of Reviewer:. Content and workload of the project.
Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied) .) Ho Chi Minh City, June 24th, 2024 REVIEWER (Sign with full name) 6 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness Ho Chi Minh City, June 24th, 2024 EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER Student name:. Name of Defense Committee Member:. Content and workload of the project .) Ho Chi Minh City, June 24th, 2024 COMMITTEE MEMBER (Sign with full name) 7 Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to explicit my private gratitude to Vo Minh Huan, Assoc. for his beneficial guidance, guidance, and encouragement during the route of this research.
His substantial information and knowledge were instrumental in shaping this venture from its inception to its completion. Master Huân`s willpower to excellence and his meticulous technique have substantially encouraged the course and best of this work. Throughout this research, Vo Minh Huan, Assoc. furnished insightful remarks and positive pointers that were substantially more suitable for the intensity and rigor of the analysis.
His potential to become aware of key regions for development and his willingness to proportion his profound know-how of the problem was actually inspiring. His dedication to fostering collaborative and intellectually stimulating surroundings has allowed me to develop each individually and professionally. In addition to his technical guidance, he steady encouragement and ethical guide have been important in overcoming numerous demanding situations encountered for the duration of this research. His endurance and know-how, coupled together along with his ardor for advancing information inside the field, were a supply of motivation and inspiration.
Sincerely, Capstone Project implementation team (Sign and write full name) Le Van Sy Chu Duc Tien i Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template DISCLAIMER The records and evaluation supplied in this file are primarily based totally on studies and simulations performed with satisfactorily to be had statistics and methodologies at the time of writing. While each attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the findings, the authors and members cannot assure the completeness or applicability of the records for all scenarios. The conclusions and guidelines supplied herein are meant to provide insights and steering primarily based totally at the precise parameters and situations studied. However, they need to now no longer be interpreted as definitive answers for all packages of comparable technologies.
Users of this file are counseled to behavior their personal impartial tests and validations to ensure the suitability of the findings for his or her precise needs. Additionally, the point out of any precise brand, product, or procedure no longer suggests endorsement or advice via way of means of the authors. The use of the findings and guidelines from this file is at the discretion and chance of the user. The authors and members disclaim any legal responsibility for any direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages because of using the records contained in this file.
All highbrow belonging rights for the concepts, designs, and methodologies mentioned on this file are retained via way of means of the respective authors and members. Reproduction or distribution of this file, in complete or in part, without earlier written permission from the authors is prohibited. Capstone Project implementation team (Sign and write full name) Le Van Sy Chu Duc Tien ii Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ii LIST OF FIGURES.
v LIST OF ACRONYMS. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. The project's criticality. Aim of the study.
11 CHAPTER 2: LITTERATURE REVIEW .2 Comparator -Static characteristics. SINGLE-STAGE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER WITH ACTIVE LOAD. Structure and Operation Principle. Technical Parameters Analysis.
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION. Basic PWM Techniques. Proposed Pulse Width Modulation Technique .DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER.1 Configuration for basic boost converter. Proposed Boost Converter Circuit.
SINGLE-STAGE DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER WITH ACTIVE LOAD. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION .DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER. 44 iii Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 50 iv Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.
Block diagram of DC-DC Boost converter for electrical devices Page 12 Figure 2. Symbol of comparator Page 13 Figure 3. The voltage characteristics of the ideal comparator Page 13 Figure 4. Comparator – first-order model Page 14 Figure 5.
Model of first-order comparator with voltage input and noise Page 15 Figure 6. The propagation delay of comparator Page 16 Figure 7. Four-transistor Comparator Page 17 Figure 8. Schematic of ramp generator Page 19 Figure 9.
Schematic of differential amplifier with active load Page 20 Figure 10. Theory about single PWM Page 23 Figure 11. Theory of Multiple PWM Page 26 Figure 12. Theory of Sinusoidal PWM Page 28 Figure 13.
Block diagram of PWM Page 30 Figure 14. Basic Inductor-based boost DC-DC converter Page 31 Figure 15. Boost DC-DC converter in the on-time phase. Boost DC-DC converter in the off-time phase.
Timing plot of main signals of CCM Page 34 Figure 18. Timing plot at useless-time phase Page 35 Figure 19. Timing plot of DCM Page 35 Figure 20. Operation of the boost converter (a) Mode 1 and (b) Mode 2 Page 37 Figure 21.
Variation of voltage and current with time Page 38 Figure 22. DC-DC Boost Converter Page 41 Figure 23. Schematic of ramp generator Page 42 Figure 24. Waveform of Ramp Generator Page 42 Figure 25.
Schematic of differential amplifier with active load Page 43 Figure 26. Waveform of differential amplifier with active load Page 43 Figure 27. Schematic of PWM Page 44 Figure 28. Waveform of PWM Page 44 Figure 29.
Schematic of DC-DC Boost Converter Page 45 v Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template Figure 30. Waveform of DC-DC Boost converter at I=100mA Page 46 Figure 31. Waveform of DC-DC Boost converter at I=200mA Page 46 Figure 32. Waveform of DC-DC Boost converter at I=500mA Page 47 Figure 33.
Waveform of DC-DC Boost converter at I=1000mA Page 47 vi Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: The relationship between Input Current and Output Voltage Page 45 vii Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template LIST OF ACRONYMS DC-DC Direct Current – Direct Current DPWM Digital Pulse Width Modulation PWM Pulse Width Modulation CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor BLTH Bi-Level Threshold Comparator ADC Analog to Digital OpAmp Operational Amplifier ICMR Input common mode range () MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors CMRR Common-Mode Rejection Ratio NMOS Negative Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor PMOS Positive Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor AC Alternating Current RMS Root Mean Squares MPWM Multiple Pulse Width Modulation SPWM Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation UPS Uninterruptible Power Supplies CCM Continuous Conduction Mode DCM Discontinuous Conduction Mode ADE L Analog Design Environment L SMPS Switched Mode Power Supply viii Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template ABSTRACT This paper introduces a revolutionary machine that harnesses strength from ambient mild and frame temperature, changing it into usable electric electricity for a various array of applications. The machine`s number one input consists of mild, which may be sourced from each herbal daylight and synthetic lighting, and frame temperature, in particular the warmth emitted via way of means of the human frame. A thermal sensor is hired to hit upon and degree those inputs, changing the bodily portions of mild depth and frame warmness into electric indicators. These electric indicators are then processed via way of means of a Digital Pulse Width Modulation (DPWM) module, which modulates the indicators into pulse-width modulation (PWM) indicators.
PWM indicators are superb for controlling the quantity of electricity introduced to the next levels of the machine. The modulated indicators are directed to a DC-DC Boost Converter, a crucial aspect that elevates the voltage to ranges appropriate for powering numerous utility gadgets. The machine's output talents are extensive, imparting electricity to transportable digital gadgets including telephones and watches, which require a strong DC electricity supply. Additionally, it could cater to large gadgets and cars like vehicles and vehicles that call for better voltage and electricity.
Furthermore, the machine helps desk-bound applications, consisting of visitors' lighting and bulbs, which necessitate a non-stop and dependable electricity supply. By effectively changing strength from environmental mild and frame warmness through a sequence of sensing, modulation, and voltage boosting levels, this machine showcases good sized ability for sustainable strength utilization. The realistic implications of this era are far-reaching, providing a flexible answer for powering a extensive variety of digital gadgets and applications, as a result contributing to the development of renewable strength technology and the discount of reliance on conventional electricity sources. The distinct simulation and implementation consequences mentioned on this paper offer a complete expertise of the machine's performance and its ability for real-global applications.
ix Faculty for High Quality Training – HCMC University of Technology and Education - Template CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. The project's criticality In current times, researchers were growing green electricity converters to decorate gadget overall performance.