Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING ACADEMY OF VIET NAM ---& &--- GRADUATION THESIS Topic: INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT METHODS IN MILITARY BANK – HAI BA TRUNG BRANCH - TRENDS AND CONCERNS Professional supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Hai Linguistic supervisor: MA. Bui Le Minh Student: Pham Thi Minh Phuong Class: ATCA-K11 – Banking Academy of Viet Nam Faculty of foreign languages HA NOI, June, 2012 By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 1 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged.
I also declare that it has not been previously or simultaneously submitted at Banking Academy or other institutions. Signature ____________________ Pham Thi Minh Phuong By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 2 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study. The author wishes to express her gratitude to her supervisors, Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Hai and MA Bui Le Minh who were abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support and guidance.
Special thanks also to Ms Nguyen Mai Anh, Ms Nguyen Thi Nam and all the officers of supporting department of Military Bank – Hai Ba Trung Branch (MB – HBT), who had kind concerns and considerations regarding academic requirements. The author would also like to convey thanks to all the lecturers of the Faculty of Foreign languages and Banking Department of Banking Academy of Viet Nam, for their untiring efforts in our professional growth. Last but not the least, the author wishes to express her love and gratitude to her beloved families and friends; for their understanding & endless love, through the duration of her studies. By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 3 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam EXECUTIVE SUMMARY How to pay or be paid becomes a crucial choice once beginning to do business across borders.
When doing business internationally, there are ways of paying which might never be heard about when you do business in just one country. This lens outlines the most common methods that Vietnamese importers and exporters tend to prefer these days and questions around, i.e this thesis helps to draw a picture of new trends of selecting IP methods in VN, taking MB – HBT Branch into the case. Times ago, businessmen used to select L/C where banks played most roles. On the contrary, today, they favor less bank‟s roles methods more.
Because it helps reduce transaction costs, and enhance competitive preferences. Recent survey tells that open account is the most favorite method in most developed countries in the world whereas in Viet Nam, remittance takes a larger proportion of all. The main theme behind this thesis is to help banks to find the best way to serve their clients (importers and exporters) as well as help them to select an appropriate method of payment. The thesis consists of five parts.
The first part named “introduction” which plays a role as a „starter‟ for readers to know instantly why the author selects the topic and what she is going to do. Besides, the author reviews some past research on this topic in this part. The second part is “Theoretical framework” which gives you the basic knowledge about IP methods and analyzes the roles of banks in each method. The main parts in this thesis are put in the third and forth part.
Particularly, part three as its name “details of research in MB – HBT Branch” will see and analyse the situation of IP methods in MB – HBT Branch. It will cover all the data collection and the author‟s findings. After analyzing the situation to grasp the overall picture of the trends of IP methods, part four, namely “solutions and recommendations”, will offer some By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 4 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam solutions and recommendations to reach a synchronized set of measures and implications to MB – HBT Branch itself, to MB and State bank. Last but not least, part five will be named “conclusion” which is drawn as a general statement and it will send the author‟s message through the research.
By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 5 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Number Abbreviations Original 1 ATM Automatic Teller Machine 2 BAV Banking Academy of Viet Nam 3 B/E Bill of Exchange 4 D/A Documents against Acceptance 5 EU Europe 6 HBT Branch Hai Ba Trung Branch 7 ICC International Chamber of Commerce 8 IP International Payment 9 L/C Letter of Credit 10 MB Military Bank 11 SBV State Bank of Viet Nam 12 SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication 13 USD United State dollar 14 US United States 15 VN Viet Nam 16 WTO World Trade Organization By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 6 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS Tables and Name of tables and diagrams Page diagrams Table Table 2.1 Factors to affect enterprises once choosing IP methods 11 Table 3.1 Amount of IP transactions per method in MB – HBT 13 Branch Table 3.2 IP volume per method in MB – HBT Branch 14 Table 3.3 Amount of export transactions per method in MB – 15 HBT Branch Table 3.4 Volume of export transactions per method in MB – 16 HBT Branch Table 3.5 Amount of Import transactions per method in MB – 16 HBT Branch Table 3.6 Volume of Import transactions per method in MB – 17 HBT Branch Table 3.7 Compare 3 methods of payment 22 Table 3.8 Vertical comparision of selecting IP methods in MB – 26 HBT Branch Table 3.9 Vertical comparision of IP volume per method in MB – 26 HBT Branch Diagram Diagram 2.1 Arrow shows the level of Roles of banks 10 By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 7 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam Diagram 3.1 The changes in using payment methods 13 Diagram 3.2 Proportion of revenue of IP transactions per method 14 Diagram 3.3 Changes in using payment methods for export goods 15 Diagram 3.4 Changes in using payment methods for import goods 17 By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 8 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES AND DIAGRAMS TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. Significance of topic. Overview of thesis. Scope and focus.
Purpose of research. 13 PART 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. Definition of IP methods. International payment methods and the roles of banks.
Cash in Advance. Collection of payment. Factors to affect enterprises on choosing IP methods. 18 By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 9 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam SUMMARY OF PART 2.
20 PART 3: DETAILS OF RESEARCH IN MILITARY BANK – HAI BA TRUNG BRANCH. Performance of International payment. Rate of using International payment methods. Proportion of export goods.
Proportion of import goods. Trends of IP methods. 30 SUMMARY OF PART 3. 35 PART 4: SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
Reducing moral hazard problems. Making IP services highly competitive and attractive. Improving banking technology. Diversifying professional skills for IP officers.
To the State Bank of Vietnam. To Military Bank. To the customers. 40 SUMMARY OF PART 4.
Problem description By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 10 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam 1. Significance of topic In the era of globalization, International trade is inevitable to a country. International Payment (IP) activity is, indeed of great importance to the process of integration and development of a country. It seems like a trading bridge between national and international traders, which helps promote the export and import activities.
Thus, IP activity has recently been sounder and sounder in both domestic and foreign affairs. IP methods are one of the first concerns of traders once involving in any international transactions. Whether to select a method depends on a variety of factors, yet, of a range of payment methods (which are: cash in advance, open account, remittance, collection of payment and documentary credit (D/C)), exporters and importers tend to prevail on their banks to obtain the most cost-effective method. Gone are the days when banking system was not so developed (in banking technology, international legal system, etc.) and businessmen tended to favor the safe method where banks played most roles.
D/C was the best choice. The transaction cost was, indeed the highest, which prevented and slowed the international trading affairs. Today, along with the globalization trend, the international trade has been much faster and faster. Businessmen with high prestige and strong relations would prefer cost-effective methods more.
Then they could reduce their business costs significantly; enhance their competitive preferences in the market. Trends recently reveal that open account method is more and more common than D/C in most countries in the world. However, the trend is a bit different in Viet Nam where remittance wins the top preferable position. Such trends bring about a variety of effects on banks who directly involve in international payment.
Researching on the trends could help importers and exporters to select an appropriate method of payment as well as help banks to find the bests way to serve their clients. Therefore, it is essential to do such research in VN commercial banks in general, MB in particular, in order for them to actively cope and have an orientation in By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 11 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam line with the development of international payment in Vietnam as well as in all over the world. Derived from that practice along with the process of internship in the International Payment Sector of MB – HBT Branch, the author would like to carry out the research “International Payment methods in Military Bank – Hai Ba Trung Branch – trends and concerns”. Research questions The thesis mainly focuses on answering such research questions as: What are the trends of IP methods in MB – HBT Branch? What concerns are raised to MB – HBT Branch? What should be done to cope with such trends? 1.
Overview of thesis 1. Scope and focus It is impossible for this report to deal with every aspects of international payment methods in depth. The author chooses to focus on researching and analyzing case of MB – HBT within its international payment methods in order to make some recommendations for MB to cope with the trends. Research methodology The author approached two main sources when writing this thesis.
One was from national and international papers and researches as well as newspapers, articles, websites, etc. The other involved the author‟s observation, analysis and research during the internship time in MB – HBT branch from February to March, 2012. Purpose of research This paper aims to have an insight into the trends of using IP methods in MB – HBT so as to find out how the trends affect on banks and their clients and point out some solutions and recommendations in such new scenario of IP. By: Pham Thi Minh Phuong ATCA – K11 Page 12 Graduation thesis Banking Academy of Viet Nam 1.
Thesis structure The thesis composes of five parts. Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Theoretical framework Part 3: Details of research in MB – HBT Branch Part 4: Solutions and recommendations Part 5: Conclusion.