MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING BACHELOR THESIS THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM FOOD AND BEVERAGE FIRMS LISTED ON THE VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 TRAN NHU QUYNH HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING BACHELOR THESIS THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM FOOD AND BEVERAGE FIRMS LISTED ON THE VIETNAMESE STOCK MARKET MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 Student’s name: TRAN NHU QUYNH Student code: 050608200604 Class: HQ8 – GE05 SUPERVISOR NGUYEN THI NHU QUYNH PH.D HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 i ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the impact of the working capital management on the performance business of the food and beverage (F&B) companies listed on HOSE and HNX in Vietnam Stock Exchange. There by offering some recommendations to support F&B firms improve their working capital for their business activities. Data was collected from the audited financial report of 44 the F&B firms listed on Vietnam’s stock collected from the published annual financial market from 2017 to 2022 and were analyzed by using Stata. Thesis used Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression models to ensure the effectiveness of the chosen models.
The dependent variable is return on asset (ROA). The thesis also used four independent variables are inventory conversion period (ICP), receivables conversion period (RCP), payables deferral period (PDP), cash conversion Cycle (CCC) and three control variables are Firm size (SIZE), financial leverage (LEV), current ratio (CR). The research results show that they all have a negative effect on the business performance. Keywords: Working capital management, performance business, food and beverage company.
ii TÓM TẮT Mục tiêu của khóa luận này là nghiên cứu tác động của quản trị vốn lưu động đến hiệu quả kinh doanh của các công ty thực phẩm và đồ uống (F&B) niêm yết trên HOSE và HNX tại Sở Giao dịch Chứng khoán Việt Nam. Qua đó, bài viết đưa ra một số khuyến nghị nhằm hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp F&B cải thiện hoạt động kinh doanh của mình thông qua việc quản trị vốn lưu động. Dữ liệu được thu thập từ báo cáo tài chính đã kiểm toán của 44 doanh nghiệp F&B niêm yết trên chứng khoán Việt Nam được công bố thường niên từ năm 2017 đến năm 2022 và phân tích bằng phần mềm Stata. Khóa luận này sử dụng mô hình hồi quy bình phương tối thiểu tổng quát hóa khả thi (FGLS) để đảm bảo tính hiệu quả của các mô hình đã chọn.
Biến phụ thuộc là tỷ suất sinh lợi trên tài sản (ROA) và xem xét tác động của 4 biến độc lập là thời gian chuyển đổi hàng tồn kho (ICP), thời gian chuyển đổi khoản phải thu (RCP), thời gian trì hoãn phải trả (PDP), chu kỳ chuyển đổi tiền mặt (CCC) với ba biến kiểm soát là quy mô doanh nghiệp (SIZE), đòn bẩy tài chính (LEV) và tỷ số thanh toán hiện thời (CR). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy chúng đều có tác động ngược chiều đến hiệu quả kinh doanh. Từ khóa: Quản trị vốn lưu động, hoạt động kinh doanh, doanh nghiệp thực phẩm và đồ uống. iii DECLARATION This thesis represents the original research efforts of the author, presenting genuine and impartial research findings without any previously published or plagiarized content, except for appropriately cited references within the thesis.
By signing this, I validate that all the procedures, methodologies, and data are accurately documented. I have duly acknowledged all those who have contributed significantly to the completion of this work. I strongly assert the veracity and correctness of all the information and statements provided in this document to the best of my understanding. Ho Chi Minh City, April 17th, 2024 The Author Tran Nhu Quynh iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Throughout the course of writing this graduation thesis, I have been fortunate to receive tremendous help, support, and encouragement from various individuals and groups.
First and foremost, I am deeply grateful to lecturers at Ho Chi Minh City University of Banking for imparting profound knowledge and honing my skills in the field, thereby providing me with a strong foundation on which to build. This has greatly facilitated my ability to assimilate and apply this knowledge in future endeavors. I also wish to extend a special thanks to Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh Ph.D, my supervisor, for her dedicated guidance, invaluable advice, and assistance in identifying and retifying errors, as well as offering crucial recommendations to enhance the quality of my thesis. Lastly, I am profoundly thankful to my family for their unwavering support throughout my academic journey and life.
Their encouragement and sacrifices have played a pivotal role in my completion of this thesis. I express my sincere appreciation and love for their exceptional care and dedication. Acknowledging my limited knowledge and practical experience, there may still be certain inadequacies in this thesis. I earnestly request the esteemed professors and lecturers to impart their feedback in order to aid me in refining this thesis and advancing my knowledge for future endeavors.
Ho Chi Minh City, April 17th, 2024 The Author Tran Nhu Quynh v CONTENT Page ABSTRACT .v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .ix LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC. The main objective. The sub-objectives.
RESEARCH SUBJECTS AND SCOPE. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA .5 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT. OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS PERFORMANCE.
Definition of business performance’s firm. Measurement of business performance’s firm. THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF FIRM. The impact of inventory management on firm performance.
The impact of accounts receivable management on firm performance. The impact of accounts payable management impact on firm performance. PREVIOUS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCES. Experimental evidence from abroad.
Experimental evidence in Vietnam .25 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 2. General form of the model. DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT. Description of variables chosen.
Research hypotheses development.47 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3. ANALYZING RESEARCH RESULT. REGRESSION THE RESEARCH RESULT. Regression models with independent variable (ROA).
Regression results test. REGRESSION RESULTS WITH FGLS. RESEARCH RESULTS DISCUSSION .60 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.
LIMITATION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH .xix ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreaviations Definition CCC Cash Conversion Cycle FEM Fixed Effects Model FGLS Feasible Generalized Least Squares F&B Food and Beverage GDP Gross Domestic Product HOSE Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange HNX Ha Noi Stock Exchange ICP Inventory Conversion Period JSC Joint Stock Company OLS Ordinary Least Square PDP Payables Deferral Period RCP Receivables Conversion Period REM Random Effect Model x ROA Return On Asset ROE Return On Equity VIF Variance Inflation Factor WCM Working Capital Management xi LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3. The research process .2: Relationship between cash conversion cycle and business cycle.32 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Summary of relevant previous empirical studies .1: Synthesis of variables and expectation in the model. Results of VIF. Regression results of ICP variable.
Regression results of RCP variable. Regression results of PDP variable. Regression results of CCC variable. Testing models selection.
Results of the Modified Wald test. Result of Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test. Results of the Wooldridge test. Regression results of 4 models with GLS.
Results of hypotheses. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC In corporate finance, the main objective is to boost revenue and profits by effectively managing the trade-off between risks and returns. There is often a conflict between liquidity and profitability in financial decisions, especially when dealing with short-term finances and working capital. Efficient working capital management is crucial for determining credit sales policies, customer behaviors, and procurement of production materials, as well as the company's obligations to its suppliers.
Prioritizing improved liquidity and cash flow directly impacts operational risk and performance, providing businesses with the opportunity to capitalize on every chance for advancement (Sial and Chaudhry, 2010). Liquidity management, working capital and its measures are important in good times, but are of additional importance during period of financial crisis. Therefore, many studies have examined how the global financial crisis has changed the working capital management policies of firms (Akgün & Memiş Karataş, 2021). The current economic uncertainties and pressures in the global financial market are placing growing demands on businesses and their supply chains.
According to a report from PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) in 2019, the time taken to convert working capital into revenue has significantly increased, mainly due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This highlights the sluggish response of supply chains to major events. The report also emphasizes the ongoing struggle for businesses in Vietnam to enhance their cash cycle, underlining the crucial importance of improved cash management and heightened focus on working capital, especially during economic downturns. The food and beverage (F&B) industry stands out as one of the major business sectors in Vietnam, closely interconnected with the population and boasting considerable potential for growth.
In the aftermath of the pandemic and in light of the increasing consumer preference for eco-friendly and sustainable products, F&B 2 enterprises in Vietnam are actively shifting towards sustainability throughout their production processes. Consequently, the management of working capital has become even more crucial in this industry, given the pressing global challenge posed by climate change, as well as the potential risks following the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, this industry presents unique characteristics, such as: limited cash flow, a stringent and short-term use of inventory, as well as substantial turnover with regards to receivables and payables. To ensure the efficacy of food and beverage companies' business operations, inventory management requires an assessment of storage time and appropriate stock levels in line with market demand.
However, these industry enterprises often face outstanding receivables from customers and payables to suppliers. Consequently, the crucial issue at hand is the need to quantify the relationship between working capital management and business efficiency. From there, managers will have a foundation in managing their working capital activities. For the aforementioned reasons, the author has chosen the topic: "The impact of working capital management on the business performance: Evidence from food and beverage firms listed on the Vietnamese stock market" with the aim of providing empirical evidence and contributing additional reference materials for managers.
The findings of this research on the impact of working capital management on business efficiency will support managers in understanding the significance of working capital management and making decisions to improve business operations. Furthermore, managers can formulate policies to enhance financial management and optimize company profitability based on the recommendations from this research. The main objective The main objective is to examine the effect of the factors representing working capital management on the business performance of food and beverage (F&B) firms listed on the Vietnamese stock market and estimate the impact of these factors on. 3 From the research results, the topic proposes relevant policy implications to improve their operational efficiency.
The sub-objectives To achieve the overall goal, the research focuses on addressing the following specific sub-objectives: Firstly, measuring the influence and analyzing direction of activity of the working capital management affecting the business performance of the F&B industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange. Secondly, proposing some policy implications to support the F&B firms listed on the Vietnamese stock market to improve their business operation based on the research findings. RESEARCH QUESTIONS From sub-objectives, this thesis is aimed to solve some issues: Question 1: How does the working capital management affect the business performance of the F&B industry enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market? Question 2: Which are policy implications to support the mentioned firms to improve their business operation through the results of this study? 1.