MINISTRY OF EDUCATION STATE BANK OF VIETNAM AND TRAINING HOCHIMINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING NGUYEN THI MINH NGUYET THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS BACHELOR’S DISSERTATION SPECIALIZATION: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION STATE BANK OF VIETNAM AND TRAINING HOCHIMINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING NGUYEN THI MINH NGUYET THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS BACHELOR’S DISSERTATION SPECIALIZATION: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 INSTRUCTOR PhD. VUONG THI HUONG GIANG HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 i ABSTRACT Summary: Recognizing the importance of capital structure to the business success of banks in general, and commercial banks in particular. As a result, the author decided to research "The Impact of Capital Structure on the Performance of Vietnamese Commercial Banks." The study investigates the degree and direction of influence of internal and external factors on commercial bank performance, typically, Capitalization, Size, Loan, Deposit, bank growth, Liquidity, Tangibility, Gross Domestic Product, and Inflation on the performance of Vietnamese Commercial banks (ROE, ROA). The topic's research sample covers 31 commercial banks operating in the Vietnamese market from 2012 to 2021.
Using secondary data gathered from audited financial statements of banks available on each bank's official website. Following the essay, the researchers applied the following regression methods: Pooled OLS (Pooled Ordinary Least Squares), REM (Random Effect Model), FEM (Fixed Effects Model), and GLS (Generalized Least Squares). The findings indicate that capital structure has a beneficial effect on bank performance. Furthermore, the study discovered a significant positive association between the bank’s capitalization, the bank's size, loan ratio, and growth rate on its performance via two metrics, including the ratio of return on equity and return on total assets, while the deposit rate, gross domestic product, and inflation have negative effects.
According to the study, banks should consider raising equity capital to improve operational efficiency and boost financial capability. Keywords: Capital Structure, Performance, Vietnamese commercial banks. ii ASSURANCE LETTER The author of the essay has an honorary assurance of his college graduation course, specifically: My name is: Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet Major: Finance - Banking As an HQ6 – GE05 class student, I am a member of Ho Chi Minh City Banking University's K34 high-quality training program. Number of students: 050606180266 “The impact of capital structure on the performance of Vietnamese Commercial banks" is the research that I conducted under the guidance of Dr.
Vuong Thi Huong Giang. This dissertation is my own, the content is independent, does not copy any documents, and has not been published in any previous form. The figures in the tables for analysis, comments, and assessments collected from different sources are clearly and transparently stated in the reference section. In addition, the dissertation also uses some comments, reviews, and figures from other authors, and other organizations have quotes and annotations of origin.
If I find out that there is any fraud, I take full responsibility for the content of my essay. Ho Chi Minh City, 2022 Author Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet iii THANK-YOU LETTER There is no success used to the support and assistance of others, whether more or less, directly or indirectly. Since I began exploring the subject, I have received a great deal of attending great e from teachers, family, and friends. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Board of Directors, departments, and faculties in general, and the teachers of the Faculty of Finance and Banking in particular, of Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, who guided, taught, and created all favorable conditions to assist me throughout the process of studying, researching, and completing this thesis topic.
I would especially like to thank Ph. Vuong Thi Huong Giang – the Lecturer, personally directed and dedicatedly advised me to carry out the first steps of studying the topic to complete the entire graduation essay. Due to the limited conditions of my competence, the research topic is not immune to weaknesses during the study, therefore I look forward to getting comments from teachers and friends so that I can gain more experience and the research paper will be better developed. Sincerely thank you! Ho Chi Minh City, 2022 Author Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.
ii THANK-YOU LETTER. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. viii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF PICTURE.
REASONABLE FOR RESEARCH. General objective of the research. Specific objectives of the research. RESEARCH OBJECTS AND SCOPE.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE TOPIC. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF BANK PERFORMANCE.2 THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE BANK'S CAPITAL STRUCTURE. Theories of Bank capital structure. Theories of Corporate capital structure.
The impact of capital structure on bank performance. EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW. 31 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. DATABASE AND RESEARCH MODEL.
RESEARCH DATA SOURCE. Qualitative research methods. Quantitative research methods. 49 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH RESULTS.
Data regression model results. Accreditation model selection .4 TESTING DEFECTS FOR THE MODEL .1 Multicollinearity phenomenon test .2 Autocorrelation test for ROA and ROE .3 Heteroscedasticity test for ROA and ROE. CORRECTION OF DEFECTS. 74 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
For Commercial Banks. For state leaders. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY. 6 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OLS Ordinary Least Square GLS Generalized Least Squares FEM Fixed Effects Model REM Random Effect Model GMM Generalized Methods of Moments ROA Return on total Assets ROE Return on total Equity CAP The ratio of Equity to total Capital SIZE Bank size TANG Tangibility GDP Gross Domestic Product LIQ Liquidity INF Inflation VIF Variance Inflation Factor PROB P-value ix LIST OF TABLES Table 2.
Summary of empirical research results on bank performance .1: The formula is calculated by the author for each variable .2: Variable’s measurement and expected effect. Descriptive statistics of variables.2: Matrix of correlation coefficients between variables .3: Results of three model regressions (Pooled OLS, FEM, and REM) for ROA and ROE .4: Model selection test results .5: Multicollinearity phenomenon test results .6: Wooldridge test results with dependent variable ROA .7: Wooldridge test results with dependent variable ROE .8: Modified Wald test results for ROA .9: LM Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test results for ROE .10: FEM model regression results according to GLS for ROA variables .11: REM model regression results according to GLS for ROE variables .12: Summary of research results .1: Summary of study results for ROE .2: Summary of study results for ROA. 77 x LIST OF PICTURE Picture 4.1: Average ROE at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .2: Average ROA at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021.3: Average CAP at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .4: Average SIZE at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021.5: Average LOAN at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .6: Average DEPOSIT at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021.7: Average LIQ at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .8: Average TANG at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .9: Average GROWTH at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .10: Average GDP at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021 .11: Average INF at Commercial banks in the period 2012-2021. REASONABLE FOR RESEARCH In recent years, the global economy in general, and Vietnam in particular, have experienced a sharp decline, owing primarily to the severe impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The banking system, in particular, was severely impacted, resulting in significant economic losses. Banking is one of the decisive factors, the lifeblood of the financial market, contributing to economic development. As a result, it is critical to establish and create a reasonable capital structure that is in line with the bank's operating resources to maximize profits while minimizing financial crisis risks. Many researchers have expressed an interest in capital management.
The development of capital structure is critical for financial managers because it directly contributes to the creation of business value and can increase income for owners. As a result, the use of capital and increasing the operating efficiency of the business is always a problem that managers must solve. For the reasons stated above, the study of factors affecting the capital structure of commercial banks is an important and useful job that can assist managers in organizing and reallocating business capital sources. Through the selection and implementation of their financing decisions, banks can achieve the appropriate capital structure for each stage of development.
Typically, theories of capital structure such as the capital structure theory of Modigliani and Miller (M&M theory), Pecking Order Theory (Myers, 1984), and many other related theories play an important role in this study premise for future studies. In the world, there have been many experimental studies before research on this topic, however, in Viet Nam, the author found only studied the impact of capital structure on the performance of Vietnamese banks as Nguyen Thu Thuy et al. (2021) conducted a similar study on Vietnamese commercial banks. Notwithstanding, this study only analyzes the relationship between capital structure and operating efficiency using some bank-specific determinants such as bank size, non-performing loan ratio, liquidity ratio, 2 and cost to income ratio; thus, the study has not reflected the impact of capital structure on bank performance accurately and comprehensively.
As a result, the author realizes that it is necessary to continue analyzing this topic; however, in this study, the author has included factors that can strongly affect the operation of banks such as capital finance, bank loans, and bank deposits to obtain a more comprehensive view, and a more reliable relationship between capital structure and performance is obtained. Besides, depending on the different time locations, different studies will lead to different studies such as Shubita and Alsawalhah (2012), and Trujillo-Ponce (2013) which argue that the debt ratio increases, the profits of the firms will be decreased, which shows in contrast to the research of Doan Vinh Thang (2016) and Vo Minh Long (2017) that manufacturing firms use more debt will increase operational efficiency. As can be seen, empirical studies conducted both at home and abroad produce contradictory findings regarding the direction of the influence of capital structure on performance. Given the inconsistencies in the above studies' findings, the author recognizes the need for additional research on the impact of capital structure on the performance of Vietnamese commercial banks for two main reasons.
To begin, the study sought to determine the extent and direction of the impact of capital structure on the performance of commercial banks, specifically commercial banks in Vietnam. Simultaneously, compare the impact of internal and external capital structure factors on return on total assets and return on equity representing the performance of commercial banks in the Vietnam market to previous domestic studies. Furthermore, the author discovers that studies on this topic have recently become more common in Vietnam, but research papers using representative factors for capital structure for analysis are still limited, and the data collected for analysis has not been updated to the most recent, resulting in low reliability of the results obtained. 3 Based on the foregoing, the author believes that it is feasible to investigate the impact of capital structure on bank performance, so the author focuses on the topic "The impact of capital structure on the performance of Vietnamese Commercial banks".
The study's goal is to determine the level and trend of capital structure's impact on the performance of manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam from 2012 to 2021. As a result, the study collects secondary data for quantitative analysis to demonstrate the relationship between capital structure and enterprise performance, thereby proposing some recommendations and valuable contributions in terms of theory and practice for this field of study in Vietnam. General objective of the research The objective of the study is to examine the factors of capital structure that affect the performance of the Commercial banking system in Vietnam, and at the same time to study the degree of influence and control of the banking system. Modeling the influence of capital structure on performance, empirical evidence in Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2012-2021.