Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention Edited by Paul Comfort School of Health, Sport & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK Earle Abrahamson London Sport Institute at Middlesex University, UK A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2010, C 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Other Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sports rehabilitation and injury prevention / edited by Paul Comfort, Earle Abrahamson. Includes bibliographical references and index. Athletic Injuries – prevention & control. Athletic Injuries – rehabilitation.1 027 – dc22 2010005619 ISBN: 9780470985625 (HB) 9780470985632 (PB) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.5pt Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India.
Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire. 1 2010 Contents Preface ix Acknowledgements xi About the editors xiii List of contributors xv How to use this book xvii PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS REHABILITATION 1 1 Introduction to sport injury management 3 Jeffrey A. Russell PART 2 INJURY SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE 13 2 Injury prevention and screening 15 Phil Barter 3 Assessment and needs analysis 39 Paul Comfort and Martyn Matthews PART 3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES 65 4 Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle injuries 67 Dr Lee Herrington and Paul Comfort 5 Tendons 79 Dr Stephen Pearson 6 Pathophysiology of ligament injuries 95 Dror Steiner 7 Pathophysiology of skeletal injuries 105 Sarah Catlow vi CONTENTS 8 Peripheral nerve injuries 119 Elizabeth Fowler PART 4 EFFECTIVE CLINICAL DECISION MAKING 143 9 An introduction to periodisation 145 Paul Comfort and Martyn Matthews 10 Management of acute sport injury 163 Jeffrey A. Russell 11 Musculoskeletal assessment 185 Julian Hatcher 12 Progressive systematic functional rehabilitation 199 Earle Abrahamson, Victoria Hyland, Sebastian Hicks, and Christo Koukoullis 13 Strength and conditioning 223 Paul Comfort and Martyn Matthews 14 Nutritional considerations for performance and rehabilitation 245 Helen Matthews and Martyn Matthews 15 Psychology and sports rehabilitation 275 Rhonda Cohen, Dr Sanna M.
Nordin and Earle Abrahamson 16 Clinical reasoning 297 Earle Abrahamson and Dr Lee Herrington PART 5 JOINT SPECIFIC INJURIES AND PATHOLOGIES 307 17 Shoulder injuries in sport 309 Ian Horsley 18 The elbow 337 Angela Clough 19 Wrist and hand injuries in sport 365 Luke Heath 20 The groin in sport 385 John Allen and Stuart Butler 21 The knee 407 Nicholas Clark and Dr Lee Herrington CONTENTS vii 22 Ankle complex injuries in sport 465 David Joyce 23 The foot in sport 497 John Allen Index 517 Preface The concept for this book is based on the expanding set of chapters combine a useful integration of ap- field of sports rehabilitation and injury prevention. plied areas and practices of study relevant to sports Evidence of this expansion includes an increasing rehabilitation practice. These include, amongst oth- amount of research and publications related to sports ers, nutritional analysis, psychological considera- rehabilitation and allied fields of practice such as tions in injury management and prevention, clinical sports therapy, athletic training and sports physio- reasoning development, and strength and condition- therapy. The book concludes with a range of Despite the number and volume of publications chapters devoted to different injury conditions and in sports rehabilitation, there appears to be limited body regions.
These chapters detail the more com- resources that accurately and effectively account for mon injuries and pathologies and argue for best man- evidence-based practices. Whilst some resources ex- agement strategies based on research and applied pand evidence-based practice knowledge, there is evidence. a need to develop a complete resource that fully Each chapter also contains several practical ap- explains and articulates these important principles. plication boxes that provide additional information This current text has used an evidence-based practice summarising unique chapter-specific information.
approach to fully acknowledge the many diverse ar- The majority of chapters contain applied examples eas, applications and management strategies that are and case studies to illustrate the processes and deci- often unique to sports rehabilitation, but distinctly sions necessary for clinical action and management. different from similar fields of practice and study. Each case study has been carefully developed to fa- Few sports rehabilitation programmes currently cilitate group discussion in the classroom, or for the provide students with the breadth of information and clinician to consider as part of continued profes- practical application required for professional prac- sional development. This text has attempted to bridge the knowledge In addition to serving as an upper level undergrad- and practice gap, by considering the functional de- uate or graduate textbook for students or clinicians velopment of the sports rehabilitator’s knowledge in practice, the book is an excellent resource guide, and practice requirements for professional compe- filled with useful information and evidence-based tency.
The text provides an up-to-date look at dif- practice considerations and applications. You will ferent evidence-based practice protocols and initial want to have this textbook on your desk or book- assessment strategies for the screening of injury and shelf. The features of consistent organisation, case pathological conditions. studies, discussion questions, up-to-date references, The first few chapters introduce the scope of prac- research evidence and practical application boxes are tice for sports rehabilitation, and then describe, ex- designed to provide information required for effec- plain and evaluate the initial assessment and screen- tive study as well as directing clinical practice.
ing procedures necessary for decision making and The design of this text can be compared to build- clinical practice. These chapters further provide ing a house, in that each component of both the text analysis on musculoskeletal function and dysfunc- and house building can be modelled on individual tion in relation to systemic organisation. The next building blocks. In the case of the house building x PREFACE these units are represented by the bricks, whereas change, improvement or refinement.
This text, in its in the text, the individual chapters are synonymous final form, has orchestrated the journey of clinical with these units. Before one commences the building practice from consideration of the scope of practice, process, there is a carefully constructed visual or di- through to the essential skills necessary for decision agrammatic plan to navigate the process; so too does making, and concluding with a consideration of how this planning apply to the design and shaping of this to manage a range of injuries and pathologies. In the building process, consideration is given to text is coated with an evidence-based approach to us- the foundation, in terms of its shape, depth, form, and ing and applying knowledge. The true advantage of length.
This text has a number of foundation chap- developing the text within an evidence-based context ters that secure the content for future development is that it allows the reader to consider the existing of the other chapters. The main foundation knowl- knowledge and evidence; challenge the research; and edge is the understanding of anatomical application, move towards asking different types of questions to and using this knowledge to guide assessment. This consider new ways of dealing with client manage- anatomical foundation knowledge informs the deci- ment issues. As new research becomes available, sions necessary for clinical action in terms of injury clinical practice will be questioned.
The contents of management. Whilst bricks are important in terms of this text will evolve and change to accommodate and informing the structure of a building, it is the cement explore new ideas and advances in clinical research. that ensures that each brick is secured and articulates This book provides the architecture necessary to con- with other bricks and structures. In this text, the ce- sider the real issues current to clinical practices.
It is ment is represented by underpinning themes, such important to use it as a map for navigating the con- as clinical reasoning skills and abilities, that traverse cepts, principles, challenges and decisions of clinical the chapters and ensures that each chapter although practice. perceptively different, is able to articulate with other We hope that this book is a valuable resource both chapters and develop this consortium of knowledge. for teaching and as a reference for sports rehabilita- After completion, houses take on a new shape and tors and clinicians. design, one which may have transformed the orig- Paul Comfort inal landscape; however there is always room for Earle Abrahamson Acknowledgements Thank you to all of the authors involved with the de- students who taught me so much about how to artic- velopment of this text, including those who provided ulate concepts, theories and applications in a learner advice and feedback on each of the many drafts.
friendly manner, which helped shape the landscape Without the expertise, dedication and effort of each of this book. of these individuals, this text would not have been To my wonderful wife, Emma, and my adorable possible. son, Benjamin, thanks for putting up with me and Thank you to my family, especially my children, providing much love, support and understanding. for putting up with my ‘absences’ and long hours To my father, Charles, and my brother, Michael, staring at the laptop, during the development of this thanks for always believing in me and encouraging book.
Your support and understanding has been more me to succeed and achieve in life. than I should have asked for. Last but not least, I would like to dedicate my contribution to this book, to the memory of my late Paul Comfort mother, Josephine, whose support, inspiration, kind- ness and generosity, will forever be cherished and A special thanks to the many contributors who respected. Thank you for believing in me and sup- worked so diligently, often under difficult and pres- porting my academic and professional development.
surised circumstances, to write this text and to those who provided expert reviews. Also to my many Earle Abrahamson About the editors Paul Comfort (BSc (Hons), MSc, PGCAP, est in student learning and thinking. Earle spent the CSCS*D, ASCC) is a senior lecturer, programme majority of his life in South Africa, studying and leader for the MSc Strength and Conditioning pro- working, and moved to the UK in 2002. He is a gramme at the University of Salford.