MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES INVESTIGATION OF SOME CULTURAL CONDITIONS AND MEDIA ON THE GROWTH OF IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : NGUYEN THI TRUC MY Student ID : 18126228 Academic year : 2018-2022 Thu Duc City, 08/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS INVESTIGATION OF SOME CULTURAL CONDITIONS AND MEDIA ON THE GROWTH OF IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF NGOC LINH GINSENG (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) Advisor Student MSc. Pham Van Hieu Nguyen Thi Truc My Thu Duc City, 08/2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to express my deep gratitude to the Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City for providing all budget, machinery, equipment, and chemicals for the experiment thesis. I would like to express my gratitude to MSc. Pham Van Hieu, who dedicatedly guided me with a lot of knowledge, corrections, and I also would like to thank Dr.
Nguyen Xuan Dung, who created favorable conditions for me during the process of making my thesis. I wish to thank the Board of Directors of Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, the administrators of the Faculty of Biological Sciences, and all the lecturers for providing me with the necessary resources to pursue my studies there. Thanks to the guidance and teaching of yours, I can apply it to solve problems related to the major during the thesis. Finally, I would like to the staff and friends in Department of Plant Biotechnology, who have supported and helped me throughout the learning and research process.
Sincere thanks to all! AFFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT My name is Nguyen Thi Truc My, Student ID: 18126228, Class: DH18SHC of Biotechnology major, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City. I declared that all results presented in this graduate thesis were conducted by myself. All the data and information are entirely accurate and honest. I fully accept responsibility for these commitments in front of the committee.
Thu Duc City, August., 2023 Student’s signature NGUYEN THI TRUC MY ll ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine some growth conditions such as light intensity, day-night temperature and medium of culture that affect the growth and development of Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) by plant tissue culture method. To investigate the appropriate light mtensity for the growth of Ngoc Linh ginseng, the experiment was set with different light intensities (5-20 pmol.s"), the in-vitro plantlets were cultured in MS and SH medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L kinetin and 13% coconut water. After finding out the appropriate light intensity, the study continuously conducted to investigate day-night temperatures by screening the day-night temperature (23-13/15/18 °C) under the existing light intensity from the previous experiment. /n-vitro plantlets were also cultured in the same media as above.
All were cultured at day and night humidity of 55 and 65%, respectively, 12 hours of lighting per day. After 12 weeks of culture, the results of the comparison of parameters such as number of leaves, number of roots, shoot height and chlorophyll content showed that conditions of light intensity at 20 umol.s!, temperature day and night at 23 and 15 °C, respectively, were suitable for the growth of Ngoc Linh ginseng. Besides, the parameters and morphological characteristics showed that ginseng in SH culture medium was more suitable growth than that in MS medium. Keywords: Panax vietnamensis, light intensities, day - night temperature, MS and SH medium.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS. 2c ScS2x+sxsersrrsrrsrsee 13 Blea: DAHA BRN TCA Gi sec ances omen tn eters iea arcs eeion theta teal aaa 13 Be Dea IWUALGI Al S ccs srs caries ena steerage ns eet OA RR Rae Ra 13 VN uy on. Medium and chemicals used.- --- + 22222 32+ 22132322122 EEeErrkrrreeee 13 2:3) BIUIDINETIESsaTN/ GÌ Ì8:s<eecsceinesisEiLsvieSiiLSLi93816G008Ợ2-8080Bi-gig-0TEHEGDSEEOUE40E9/013:8G200000202G” 13 Dic, MISCO CS sngsainnossiieidt0A1150013850181G1S388BB1S. Investigation of the effect of light intensity on the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng cultured in MS and SH media.
Cultured in MS medium.- -- -- - - - 2 2 2E E E SE SE 8985522555555 1 1111 1E nn n2 111k xce 14 3. Cultured in SH medium.- -- -- -- - - 2 2 SE SE SE SE E81 1555555551111 111 1E SE 2255511 11x. Investigation of the effect of day and night temperature on the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng cultured in MS and SH medHa. Cultured in MS medIum.
Cultured in: SHmed itt wes cceceeeczerernmamrnn me kem 15 3. Investigation of the culture medium affecting the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh SUNS CNG eee. 15 SA'S tatistl Gal ANALYSIS: nunoonbhsGi nhưng GĩnGh2301304Đ185. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
Effect of light intensity on the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng cultured in INU (os Insc Riri et6) eee ee ee a ee a ee 16 4A], Cultured-in MS edit ecercocccenecererenonnyeruerarmiereueimnneterem anne: 16 4. Cultured in SH medium na.STTEIUH:zeszsossecsszrtsgobistiagogl90XSVESEE)HGGSEEBSEAXGG495ĐEI236/323858832288280 21 4. Effect of MS and SH on the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng. CONCLUSION AND SUGGFESTIONS.
csscnsvnesnassoosnnsnnvuhionsinisadvavinnntnenatontes saendnaaensdenieamanemnoenas daveasitadaniennstna 25 DD, SOO DSTO Sa ict 2 Se FR oe a Li a a EE ol aD a Fn 8 el he, ee vui 25 I;9085):65019 S117. 26 VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS MS: Murashige and Skoog (1962) SH: Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) VG: Vietnamese ginseng P. vietnamensis: Panax vietnamensis OCT: Ocotillol PPT: Protopanaxatriol PPD: Protopanaxadiol M-R2: Majonoside-R2 V-R2: Vina-ginsenoside-R2 Kn: Kinetin Vil LIST OF TABLES Page Table 4. Effect of light intensities on growth of in-vitro VG in MS medium.
Effect of light intensities on growth of in-vitro VG in SH medium. Effect of day-night temperature on growth of in-vitro VG in MS medium Seager gig serene ss ce ae gee ee ca ca 20 Table 4. Effect of day-night temperature on growth of in-vitro VG in SH medium 2 eR Neg re eet ee greene ner oN 22 Table 4. Effect of MS & SH medium on growth of in-vitro P.
23 vill LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 4. Growth of in-vitro VG under different light intensities after 12 weeks in MS Figure 4. Growth of in-vitro VG under various day-night temperature after 12 weeks I MS medium PA. Growth of in-vitro VG under various day-night temperature after 12 weeks I SH MOG UM wscrscssessesesowsersensenessoswexanssesurvenseamenersenneavensesussnennvesmrmterseereeysenerermeveneeess 22 Figure 4.
Growth of in-vitro P. vietnamensis in MS & SH medium after 12 weeks Sh ca oS aa NLA RT a Ceo AS a SnD ROR ma SNARE STARS 23 1x CHAPTER 1. Problem statement Panax vietnamensis (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) is an endemic species of ginseng in Viet Nam belonging to the family Araliaceae, has long been known and used as kinds of a rare and precious herb in traditional medicine with its therapeutic effects such as anti-stress, antioxidant, immune system booster, cancer prevention, liver protection, and so on. Through many previous studies, Ngoc Linh ginseng has many pharmaceutical compounds in which the saponin compounds are the most important, particularly, the dammarane saponin in Ngoc Linh ginseng has a high content, in addition, in the ocotillol saponin group, and there is the M-R2 fraction accounting for 50% of the total saponin content, the most comparison to the species of the genus Panax in the world (Hoang et al, 2012).
Based on the above characteristics, Viet Nam ginseng has become a precious medicinal species not only in Viet Nam but also around the world. However, Ngoc Linh ginseng today is over-exploited, with a high risk of extinction recorded in 250 species located in Vietnam's Red Data book that needs to be protected (Duong et al, 2013). The propagation of Ngoc Linh ginseng is still difficult because it only grows well on Ngoc Linh mountainous area and the harvest time is very long - from 5 to 8 years, because that the ginseng roots have enough active ingredients as desiring, sexual propagation conventional seeding methods will not give high results for many reasons such as seeds germinating for a long time, so they will be destroyed by many insects or animals, and the germination rate is low (Vu, 2018). In-vitro propagation with similar culture conditions to the natural conditions of Ngoc Linh mountainous (including soil, shade, climate, humidity, and so on) so that ginseng can grow well, especially roots in order to improve the ability to survive when grown in the wild is also a difficult issue to consider.
From the above practical issues, the study was carried out to determine some culture conditions and culture medium affecting the growth of Ngoc Linh ginseng with the aim of helping the plant adapt to natural conditions and has high vitality, contributing to the preservation of precious medicinal herbs for Viet Nam. Research objectives This study aimed to investigate some suitable culture conditions susch as light intensity, temperature, and medium on the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng. Research contents To achieve the mentioned objectives, this research includes two contents as follows: Content 1: Determining a light intensity that is proper for the growth of in-vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng in MS and SH medium. Content 2: Determining day-night temperature that is proper for the growth of in- vitro Ngoc Linh ginseng in MS and SH medium.
Origin and distribution Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) is one of 11 types of ginseng belonging to the Araliacease family, also known as Viet Nam ginseng, Khu Nam ginseng (K5), and Truc ginseng. This is a precious ginseng known for its 52 types of saponins and other compounds. It has long been used as a herb that contributes to the treatment of diseases including hepatitis, diabetes, and cancer (Nguyen and Phuong, 2019) in the top 5 best types of ginseng discovered in the world. Ngoc Linh ginseng 1s distributed in the central highlands of Viet Nam, they grow concentratedly on the Ngoc Linh mountainous area of Tu Mo Rong district, Kon Tum province, and Nam Tra My district, Quang Nam province at altitudes from 1.100 m below the forest canopy and cloud covered up to 80% or more, along moist streams on humus soil Ngoc Linh ginseng was firstly discovered in Viet Nam in 1973 by pharmacists Kim Long Dao, Chau Giang Nguyen, and Thi Le Nguyen.
In 1985, it was officially known and scientifically named Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. Ha Thi Dung and Professor Grushvisy (Nguyen, 2015). Classification Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae Order : Apiales Family : Araliaceae Genus : Panax Species : P. vietnamensis is a native plant, herbaceous, with an average height of 60 - 80 cm, and a stem diameter of 6 - 7 mm.