MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES IDENTIFICATION OF ATYPICAL EPEC IN SWIFTLET HOUSES ENVIRONMENT BY MULTIPLEX-PCR DETECTING eae AND escV GENES Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : TRAN THI THANH TRANG Student code : 18126189 Academic year : 2018 - 2022 Thu Duc City, 08/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS IDENTIFICATION OF ATYPICAL EPEC IN SWIFTLET HOUSES ENVIRONMENT BY MULTIPLEX-PCR DETECTING eae AND escV GENES Advisor Student Dr. DINH XUAN PHAT TRAN THI THANH TRANG Thu Duc City, 08/2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to convey my heartfelt appreciation to the boards of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Faculty of Biological Sciences for creating the best conditions for me to complete this study. I am truly grateful to my thesis advisor, Dr. Dinh Xuan Phat, who patiently educated and helped me throughout the process.
It would have been difficult to complete the studies without the assistance of everyone who has stood by me during these trying times. And for that, I'd want to express my gratitudeto Ms. Nguyen Thi Mi Mi, Mr. Le Thanh Binh, Mr.
Hoang Gia Lam, Ms. Do Thi Trinh, Ms. Tran Ngoc Thao Nguyen, and other members of Gene Technology Laboratory BIO313. Last but not least, I want to thank my family for providing me with the strength to conquer the obstacles along the route.
You are the reason I have gotten this far, and I promise to work harder to succeed and make you proud. WARRANTY CONFIRMATION My name is Tran Thi Thanh Trang — 18126189, class DHI8SHD, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University. I committee the research performed by me. This study was a part of the research “Investigation of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens based on virulence genes in the environment of swiftlet houses in Southern Vietnam”.
All the data and information in this research are totally honest and objective. I fully accept the responsibility for any falsity in the data utilized for this study. Ho Chi Minh City, August 2023 The committed writer l ABSTRACT Products derived from swiftlet are playing an important role in human health, but they also contain many disease risks. Swallow droppings contain many pathogens including E.
coli, especially atypical EPEC (aEPEC), a Gram-negative bactertum capable of causing acute diarrhea in humans. Therefore, detecting the presence of this bacterium is essential to assess the degree of pathogenicity. This research was performed to survey the presence of Enteropathogenic È. coli (EPEC) in swiftlet houses in three provinces of Southern Vietnam by using the multiplex - PCR technique.
To make the research objective apparent, the multiplex - PCR procedure was optimized with the following annealing temperature, primer concentration, the limit of detection, and primer specificity and application of established multiplex - PCR procedure to investigate the aEPEC presence in 90 samples. After optimizing, a total of 90 field samples including feces and swiftlet surface swabs were collected from swiftlet houses in Dong Nai, Binh Duong, and Ho Chi Minh City. The result was achieved as follows initial denaturation at 95°C for 7 mins, 35 cycles of amplification with the denaturation at 95°C for 30 seconds, the optimal annealing temperature for operating the multiplex - PCR was 60°C, then extension at 72°C for 45 seconds, and the final extension step 72°C for 7 mins. the optimal ratio of concentration between escV and eae gene was 1:2(0.
The limit of detection for multiplex - PCR was 10 ng/L. Applying the optimal procedure, 90 samples were obtained 19/90 positive with escV gene including 6 for swiftlet surface swabs and 13 for feces samples. No samples were positive with eae gene. The result has successfully detected atypical EPEC in the swiftlet house by the expression of the escV gene.
With a ratio of 19/90, EPEC is one of the most highly detected pathogens at swiftlet houses. However, it is necessary to have more different types of EPEC in the different locations and conditions for the result validation. Keywords: Swiftlet, Enteropathogenic FE. co/i (EPEC), multiplex PCR.
ill TÓM TẮT Nhận biết sự hiện diện của atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli (AEPEC) trong môi trường nhà nuôi chim yến bằng kỹ thuật multiplex-PCR thông qua sự phát hiện gen eae và escV. Sản phẩm có nguồn gốc từ chim Yến đang đóng vai trò quan trọng đối với sức khỏe con người, tuy nhiên nó cũng chứa nhiều rủi ro về dịch bệnh. Phân chim yến có chứa nhiều tác nhân gây bệnh trong đó có È.
coli đặc biệt là atypical EPEC (aEPEC), một loại vi khuẩn Gram âm có khả năng gây tiêu chảy cấp ở người. Do đó, việc phát hiện sự hiện diện của vi khuẩn này là điều cần thiết để đánh giác mức độ gây bệnh. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện với mục đích cung cấp thông tin khảo sat về sự hiện diện của atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli trong môi trường nhà yến ở ba tỉnh miền Nam của Việt Nam bằng phương pháp multiplex - PCR.
Dé làm rõ mục tiêu của dé tai, quy trình kỹ thuật phương pháp PCR được tôi ưu hóa về nhiệt độ bắt cap, nồng độ đoạn môi, giới hạn phát hiện và độ đặc hiệu của đoạn mồi và áp dụng phátt hiện quy trình multiplex - PCR đã xây dựng dé phát hiện aEPEC trong 90 mẫu thực địa. Kết quả cho thấy, trong toàn bộ 90 mẫu thực địa bao gồm mẫu phân chim và mẫu phết bề mặt tổ yên được thu thập tại nhà yến ở các tỉnh thành như Dong Nai, Binh Duong va Thanh phố Hồ Chi Minh. Kết quả đạt được bao gồm, nhiệt độ bắt cặp là 60°C, tỉ lệ tối ưu cho nồng độ giữa 2 gene escV va eae là 1:2 (tương ứng với 0,2 uM: 0,4 nM), giới hạn phát hiện sự hiện diện EPEC ở nồng độ 10° ng/uL. Áp dụng quy trình tối ưu này 90 mẫu thực địa đã được khảo sát với kết qua cho ra 19/90 mẫu dương tính với gene escV bao gồm 6 mẫu phết bề mặt tô yến và 13 mẫu phân chim, không có trường hợp dương tính với gene eae.
Kết qua đã cho thay quy trình đã được áp dụng thành công dé phát hiện atypical EPEC trong môi trường nhà yến bằng sự biểu hiện của gene escV. Mặc dù vậy, để xác thực về kết quả và độ hiệu quả của quy trình trong nghiên cứu này cần đa dạng về chủng loại EPEC để cho ra một quy trình hoàn thiện nhằm áp dụng hiệu quả vào việc phát hiện EPEC ở cộng đồng. Từ khóa: Chim yến, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), multiplex PCR.
IV TABLE OF CONTENT Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ben triinntiv0BEDG011380138465500380451381539540385849123913943100386100903838 i WARRANTY CONFTRMA TION.-- Ặ c2 HH H1 0 re ii ABS TRAG DT sasssssggn86900966580:8683655058430309031513384981483236)3E81E2. iv TABEBIOR CONTENT g›sssgs5146sg108:8601620gtugkt5XEqdlSASiduitbalftlpiSssiieguggduiltcatRoiasastsgbaussayŠ V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ssseseesevosscesrsvesesesvensverneennraw ener eremenaswenaw eevee: Vil I1)1ig 93000910 51055-70Ẹ77®e hố ốẽố ốc. Vill LIST OF BIGURES .:cssssasseasmsenucanmeaisameeenas seme nem 1X (957. | Lal Introduction passststbaisioniEE 0555 D8iNGISGNGĐSGGSGESS80380SGGQSISSRSSSSGSISSDERGS3vG635I.
OD] OCU 6 ererscrercer eeerarenreeer emt enter eee ES 1 Mh Bois NE OTA cst i tt a Sia i let Z GHAPTER. LITERATURE, REN IE W secssoasensesuneasunsesunavenasweunssarseunnaaanswansswnsdsvasnenetsonvens 3 2.GHSREGGI EEE ETE 3 2d EPEC GIIGEHTOG ĐT srececccesrse center ween eur ecw eee nee eer eee 4 2. Clinical aspects of EPEC infection in children. EPEC MIỆU |GHGE SOTO sccscscnsnrcnreroumenneness annesenneneunnscsoumaue ne meus ueerwemenmenensremacunenes 6 2.
Identification method for Enteropathogenic FE. Prineiplesiof PCR ácsssnnsetiseiatitnE1111403355018100515914385555G4GLESEGSS4E1448539385005384014000141308588 8 2 Dole QUYD G5: OL PC Riccacwaninnrsss ass Sarees eee 8 2. Application of PCR techn1que.- ---- -- + 323221 *32*+*E+EE+zEErEerrsrerrrrrrrrrrrrerree 9 CHAPTER, 3. MATERIALS AND METHOD sccsssssescassenernsseuamneacnesversanenneanssnenrersanees 10 Sul.
Time and: location of the study set S40 ES0S 090810E)92898B0853681604G. Materials and: chemicals ssssscsssssssssasss21556664660153533853553855548055511383585395038518335560434850836 10 2 el OS Esco 12) | eee ene ee eee ee 10 3. Isolation of Escherichia coli from swiftlet house environment samples. Optimization of annealing temperature for single PCR,.
Optimization of the annealing temperature for the multiplex-PCR. Optimization of the primer CORCeTTAfIOII. Optimization of the primer specificity. Determination of the limit of deteCfIOT.
Application of the optimal multiplex-PCR procedure for field samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Optimization of the annealing tenperafUTG. Optimization of the annealing temperature for single PCR.
Optimization of the annealing temperature for the multiplex — PCR. Optimization of the primer cOnC€TIfTAtIOII. Examination of primer specificity 111. Determination of the limit of det€CfIOTI.
Apply the optimal procedure to detect the presence of EPEC in 90 field samples 21 4.6; DISCUSS reece seeerrceeeruecnernee ee 80188 22 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.------ 25 IRE S00) 1c LTSLOTÌ eee ee ee eee ee eee 25 5. 26 VI OF ABBREVIATIONS AE Attaching and effecing aEPEC atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli DAEC Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EAEC Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli EIEC Enteromvasive Escherichia coli EPEC Enterropathogenic Escherichia coli ETEC Enterotoxigenic F. coli LoD Limit of detection PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction pEAF EPEC adherence factor plasmid pEAF plasmid Escherichia coli adherence factor STEC Shiga toxin—producing Escherichia coli Annealing temperature typical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Melting temperature Vil LIST OF TABLES Table 4.
Replication of multiplex-PCR determining detection limit Table 4. The summation of atypical EPEC detection surveillance in samples. vill LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4. PCR products for optimizing annealing temperature for single PCR.
Electrophoresis results of mPCR of different annealing temperatures. Electrophoresis result of escV-eae primer concentration ratio valuation. Examination of primer specific by multiplex PCTR. Determination of the limit of the defecfIon.
Electrophoresis results of PCR products of field samples 1X CHAPTER 1. Introduction The Department of Livestock Production of Vietnam claims that Southeast Asia is the only region that can support the development of swiftlets. As a result, Vietnam is stressing its significance more and more. Swiftlet farming has grown to be a profitable industry in Vietnam since 2004.
Swiftlets have a very high monetary worth, ranging from 1500 to 2000 USD per kilogram. Companies mostly export swiftlet nest products, generating between 100 and 125 million USD annually. The swiftlet nest farming industry is constantly growing and improving because of the swiftlet nest's potential and features for business and production. 42 out of 63 provinces have only recently begun participating in Swift's nest farming (Hoan, 2018).
However, there are still several issues with the management of veterinary sanitary conditions and disease surveillance. Swiftlets are classified as wild birds that congregate in huge flocks and live at high altitudes, making it harder for them to maintain disease control than other types of animals. Swiftlet feces includes a variety of bacterin-containing EPEC (Leong ef a/. EPEC is the second most common cause of inpatient diarrhea after rotavirus (Pfeiffer et al.
Because of the species' behavior of immigration and emigration, swiftlet is easy to release pathogens (Jourdain ef al. Therefore, Rapid diagnosis of pathogenic È. coli strains is an increasingly important issue to address in public health (Botkin ef a/. Constructing the procedure to detect the presence of EPEC is necessary for the prevention of pathogen spread.
Objective Successfully constructed a procedure to detect atypical EPEC using multiplex - PCR technique via escV and eae genes. Application of the procedure to check the appearance of bacteria in field samples collected from swiftlet houses. Contents Content 1: Optimization of the multiplex PCR procedure for detection of aEPEC Optimization of the annealing temperature for the multiplex PCR Optimization of the primer concentration for the multiplex PCR Examination of primer specificity Determination of the limit of detection for the multiplex PCR Content 2: Utilization of the multiplex PCR to determine the presence of aEPEC for 90 field samples from swiftlet houses’ samples. Introduction Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that adheres to human intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in watery, persistent diarrhea (Goosney ef al.