Grammar and Composition Grammar Reteaching Grade 6 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Writer’s Choice. Any other reproduction, for use or sale,is prohibited without written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus,Ohio 43240 ISBN 0-07-823366-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 045 04 03 02 01 00 ii Contents Unit 8 Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences 8.1 Kinds of Sentences .2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments.3 Subjects and Predicates .5 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates .6 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences.1 Common and Proper Nouns .2 Singular and Plural Nouns .1 Action Verbs and Direct Objects .3 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words .4 Present, Past, and Future Tenses .5 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs .6 Present and Past Progressive Forms .2 Using Pronouns Correctly .3 Pronouns and Antecedents.1 Adjectives and Proper Adjectives .2 Articles and Demonstratives.3 Adjectives That Compare .1 Adverbs Modifying Verbs .2 Adverbs Modifying Adjectives and Adverbs.4 Telling Adjectives and Adverbs Apart .5 Avoiding Double Negatives. 28 iii Contents Unit 14 Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections 14.3 Pronouns After Prepositions. 33 Unit 15 Subject-Verb Agreement 15.1 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree.2 Problems with Locating the Subject .3 Agreement with Compound Subjects.
36 Unit 16 Glossary of Special Usage Problems 16.1–2 Using Troublesome Words .1 Capitalizing Sentences, Quotations, and Salutations .2 Capitalizing Names and Titles of People .3 Capitalizing Names of Places .4 Capitalizing Other Proper Nouns and Adjectives .1 Using the Period and Other End Marks.3 Using Commas II .4 Using Commas III .6 Using Quotation Marks .6 Using Quotation Marks and Italics .7 Using Apostrophes and Hyphens. 53 iv Grammar Reteaching Name .1 Kinds of Sentences Key Information A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. All sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark. There are four different kinds of sentences.
A declarative sentence makes a statement. It ends with a period. An interrogative sen- tence asks a question. It ends with a question mark.
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation point. An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period.
Directions Write whether each of the following sentences is declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative. Last summer we visited the Grand Canyon. Have you ever seen the Grand Canyon? __________________________ 2. How incredible that place is! __________________________ 3.
The forces of wind, water, heat, and pressure created huge ruts in the rock and dirt. What was the oldest fossil ever found in the Grand Canyon? __________________________ 5. Keep reading to find out. The oldest fossil uncovered was a billion-year- old primitive sea plant.
How could the fossil of a sea plant be discov- ered in the desert? __________________________ 8. Didn’t you know the area was once completely covered with water? __________________________ 9. How far it is from one side of the canyon to the other! __________________________ 10. The canyon’s width varies from four miles to fifteen miles from rim to rim.
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 8 1 Grammar Reteaching Name .2 Sentences and Sentence Fragments Key Information Every sentence has a subject and a predi- It may be missing a subject, a predicate, or cate. The subject tells who or what the both. sentence is about. The predicate tells what Is made of nylon.
[lacks a subject] the subject does or has. It may tell what the That backpack. [lacks a predicate] subject is or is like. Along the winding path.
which part is missing. Then write a new A sentence fragment is a group of words subject or predicate that you can add to the that does not express a complete thought. fragment to make it a sentence. Directions Read each sentence fragment, and name the part of the sentence—either subject or predicate—that is missing.
creates a rainbow of colors subject 1. Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico. Became a national park in 1930. Can hike down into the cavern.
Went by high-speed elevator. One of the most impressive spots. The Big Room’s ceiling. Is fourteen acres in size.
Spreads eight hundred feet below the surface. Hundreds of thousands of bats. Grow up from the floors in tall spires._________________________________________ 2 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 8 Grammar Reteaching Name .3 Subjects and Predicates Key Information The complete subject includes all the words in the subject part of the sentence. The com- plete predicate includes all the words in the predicate part of the sentence.
The simple subject is the main word or group of words in the subject part of the sentence. It is usually a noun or a pronoun. The simple predicate is the main word or group of words in the predi- cate part of the sentence. It is a verb.
People from hundreds of miles away / bring their hiking shoes and tents. Directions Read the following sentences. Each sentence has a line dividing the complete subject and the complete predicate. In the space provided, write the simple subject and the simple predicate for each sentence.
A very large cat / lives near here. The new principal / addressed the class this morning. A huge boulder / tumbled down the cliff. A friend of yours / is on the phone.
A big blue balloon / floated in the sky. Clara’s mother / left her keys on the counter. The boys on the football team / asked for more practice time. Three sixth-graders / represent the school at city council meetings.
The soft leather jacket / is mine. Most of the fish / are guppies. A lady down the street / found your kitten._____________________________________ Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 8 3 Grammar Reteaching Name .4 Finding Subjects Key Information In most sentences, the subject comes We may rent a boat. before the predicate.
In statements with inverted word order, the I traveled to the Everglades. predicate comes before the subject. Most questions begin with part of the pred- Out of the swamp crawled an icate, followed by the subject, and then the alligator. rest of the predicate.
To identify the subject, change the order of May we rent a boat? the words. If you have trouble finding the subject in a An alligator crawled out of the question, turn the question into a state- swamp. The subject will usually come first. Directions Rewrite each sentence so that the subject comes first.
Do the Everglades cover most of southern Florida? The Everglades do cover most of southern Florida. Can the people in the back row see the screen? __________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 2. Into the diner went the driver of the red truck. Over the fence leaped a white-tailed deer.
Did you hear my alarm clock? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 5. In the cafeteria stand the boxes with the new tables. Is the water in the Everglades fresh water?______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 7. Are those snakes really dangerous?____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 8.
In the warm swamps live many interesting animals. ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 4 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 8 Grammar Reteaching Name .5 Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates Key Information A compound subject is two or more sim- We go to the park and hike. ple subjects that have the same predicate. Sometimes a simple sentence has both a They are joined by and, or, or but.
compound subject and a compound predi- My sister and I want to go to cate. My grandmother and grandfather / A compound predicate is two or more travel by van and sleep in it at night. simple predicates, or verbs, that have the same subject. Directions Underline each compound subject or compound predicate in the following sentences.
A sentence may contain a compound subject, a compound predicate, or both. Nestor and Sumio went to the movies. Yellowstone and the Grand Tetons are national parks. Both parks have forests and shelter the same animals.
Pelicans, eagles, elk, and moose roam the Grand Tetons. Visitors walk on trails or drive through the park. Hot springs and geysers attract thousands of tourists each year. Old Faithful and Riverside Geyser erupt regularly and spray water.
The bears and other animals stay in the forests and look for food. Miles of hiking trails offer spectacular views and provide hours of nature study. My grandparents and I went to the park and took a full picnic basket. No bears or other animals approached us that day.
Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 8 5 Grammar Reteaching Name .6 Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences Key Information A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate. It may have a compound subject, a compound predicate, or both. Yosemite National Park / is in California. My friend and I / visited the park and stayed a week.
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences (main clauses) joined by a comma and and, but, or or. A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. We / enjoyed our vacation, and we / took plenty of photographs. A complex sentence is a sentence that has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
We decided to visit Yosemite when we heard about its beautiful scenery. Directions Write whether each sentence is simple, compound, or complex. James wants to hike, and I want to take more photos. Glaciers smoothed the valley floor, and they melted to form a lake.
A hike and a mule ride are two ways to see the park. Fifteen hundred trees and plants live in the park. El Capitan is a mountain of granite, and it rises 3,600 feet above the Merced River. Yosemite Falls has a spectacular 2,425-foot drop.
Bird watchers can see more than two hundred different species of birds when they visit Yosemite. Rugged mountains, clear lakes, and rushing streams attract many tourists and outdoor enthusiasts. Yosemite and Hetch Hetchy are two beautiful valleys inside the park. Cloud’s Rest is the highest point in Yosemite Valley, and it rises nearly 10,000 feet.
Congress established Yosemite National Park in 1890, but the original park did not include Mariposa Grove or Yosemite Valley. ____________________________________ 6 Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 8 Grammar Reteaching Name .1 Common and Proper Nouns Key Information A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea.
A proper noun begins with a capital letter. If there is more than one word in the proper noun, the first word and all other important words are capitalized. Common nouns: lake, mayor, book, document Proper nouns: Lake Erie, Susan Brown, Charlotte’s Web, Bill of Rights Directions Underline each common noun once and each proper noun twice. The United States has an interesting history.
Our country was still a colony of England. A road ran between Boston and New Bedford. Stagecoaches traveled this bumpy road. The drivers stopped at an inn to pay the toll.
The inn became known as the Toll House Inn. Ruth and Kenneth Wakefield bought the Toll House Inn. They opened a restaurant there. Wakefield had a great idea; she created cookies with chunks of chocolate.
She named her cookies Toll House. Today these cookies give pleasure to people around the world. Writer’s Choice: Grammar Reteaching, Grade 6, Unit 9 7 Grammar Reteaching Name .2 Singular and Plural Nouns Key Information A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. A plural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.
To form the plural of most nouns, simply add -s or -es.