University of Science and Education - The University of Danang Faculty of Chemistry -o0o- Lecturer: Nguyen Thi Thu Hong (Ph.) Email : ntthong@ued.vn Danang, August 2022 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHEMISTRY OF MATTER. MOTION, FORCES AND ENERGY. EARTH’S PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE.
BASIC OF LIFE. HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS. CHEMISTRY OF MATTER MINI GAME Things you know about Chemistry [Link] What is Chemistry Fundamental concepts in Chemistry Physical and chemical properties Physical and chemical changes LISTEN AND PRACTICE Watch the video and do the exercises to improve your English vocabulary [Video] Do this exercise while you listen. Complete the gaps with the correct word(s).
All is made from some kind of chemicals, so is the study of everything. When we cook something, a occurs, the raw meat turns into cooked meat so that our bodies can the nutrients better. Another common aspect where chemistry is through cleaning chemicals are created to target areas like dishes, laundry, and your body. The pills and medicines we use are all made from that are there to make our body stronger and to kill and bacteria.
, we can see now that we're all from cooking food to cleaning ourselves. Vocabulary in focus Nouns: matter, chemistry, chemicals, chemist, chemical formula, chemical equation, proton, neutron, element, electron, atomic nucleus, molecule, cation, anion, chemical compound, chemical reaction, chemical bonds, ion, molecule, atomic number. Verbs: occur, absorb, adsorb, react, mix, change, to be made up, create, form, consist of. Practice Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following expressions in the text box in appropriate forms.
Use each expression only once. 2 chemical formula, chemical equation, proton, neutron, element, electron, atomic nucleus, molecule, cation, anion, chemical compound, chemical reaction, chemical bonds, ion, molecule, atomic number (Sources: The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc, 1992, pp.com/encyclopedia/chemistry; http://www.org) 3 Grammar focus Present Tense The present tense is one of three verb tenses used to describe situations in the present. Sometimes we also use it to talk about future and past activities.
Present tenses use auxiliary verbs, suffixes and special irregular forms of verbs. That’s the reason why we need to learn the present tenses, otherwise we would not be able to construct sentences. There are in general four different present tenses: 1. Present perfect continuous It is really important to generally know all the tenses, but the most common and frequently used tense is the present simple.
It is used in almost 50% of spoken English, so that’s why we need to at least learn this tense perfectly. Regardless, all of the tenses are important. All of the present tenses have their own special sentence structures and all of them are used in different situations. 4 Supplementary Laboratory Equipment MINI GAME [Link] Fill the following schemes with suitable expressions.
f Vocabulary in focus 5 READ AND PRACTICE Preparation Do this exercise before you start -> What words come to your mind in connection with the periodic table and chemical elements. Write down at least 10 words, please! Read the text below and then match the words in bold (1-9) in the text with the given definitions (a-i). The Periodic Table The Periodic Table of Elements categorizes like elements together. Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian scientist, was the first to create a widely accepted arrangement of the elements in 1869.
Mendeleev believed that when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically. Although most modern periodic tables are arranged in eighteen groups (columns) of elements, Mendeleev's original periodic table had the elements organized into eight groups and twelve periods (rows). On the periodic table, elements that have similar properties are in the same groups (vertical). From left to right, the atomic number (z) of the elements increases from one period to the next (horizontal).
The groups are numbered at the top of each column and the periods on the left next to each row. The main group elements are groups 1,2 and 13 through 18. These groups contain the most naturally abundant elements, and are the most important for life. The elements shaded in light pink in the table above are known as transition metals.
The two rows of elements starting at z=58, are sometimes called inner transition metals and have that have been extracted and placed at the bottom of the table, because they would make the table too wide if kept continuous. The 14 elements following lanthanum (z=57) are called lanthanides, and the 14 following actinium (z=89) are called actinides. 6 Elements in the periodic table can be placed into two broad categories, metals and nonmetals. Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, are malleable and ductile, and are moderate to high melting points.
In general, nonmetals are nonconductors of heat and electricity, are nonmalleable solids, and many are gases at room temperature. Just as shown in the table above, metals and nonmetals on the periodic table are often separated by a stairstep diagonal line, and several elements near this line are often called metalloids (Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At). Metalloids are elements that look like metals and in some ways behave like metals but also have some nonmetallic properties. The group to the farthest right of the table, shaded orange, is known as the noble gases.
Noble gases are treated as a special group of nonmetals. one of a group of metallic elements in which the members have the filling of the 1. mass outermost shell to 8 electrons interrupted to bring the penultimate shell from 8 to 18 or 32 electrons b. gases in group 0 of the periodic table; they are monatomic and, with limited 2.
properties exceptions, chemically inert 3. elements whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and non-metals number 4. the amount of material in sg 5. existing or available in large quantities so that there is more than enough metals 6.
sg that can be pressed or pulled into shape without needing to be heated 7. sg that is easy to press or pull into a new shape 8. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 9. a quality or power that belongs naturally to sg 7 (Source: The National Geographic Society’s Education Division (2008), “Science Level Blue”, Glencoe/McGraw-Hill) 8 Vocabulary development It is very useful to know how we can form different parts of speech.
Insert the missing forms of the words in the table. All the words are taken from the text above. VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB categorizes - periodic - naturally conductor - electricity - metalloid - Grammar focus Past Tense The past tense is one of three general English grammatical tenses whose function is to place an action or event in the past. All of the past tenses are really important to know.
Without knowing them, you will not be fully prepared to understand sentences and you might misuse words. We begin this section with the four main tenses. Past simple tense 2. Past continuous tense 3.
Past perfect tense 4. Past perfect continuous tense Some of these tenses use auxiliary verbs and some of them use past tense verb forms. Fortunately, one past tense is used more than others – it is the most important one: the past simple. Without knowing the past simple, you will not be able to understand most sentences.
Put these words in the correct order. of elements the Periodic together Table like elements categorizes. the periodic are table that groups have similar elements properties in the on same. and metals elements in placed the periodic broad nonmetals table can into categories, two periodic be.
Use the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. (Source: Cambridge Grammar for IELTS) Further readings The Importance of the Periodic Table The modern periodic table has changed since Mendeleev's original table, yet both the first tables and the modern table are important for the same reason: The periodic table organizes elements according to similar properties so you can tell the characteristics of an element just by looking at its position on the table. Before all the naturally occurring elements were discovered, the periodic table was used to predict the chemical and physical properties of elements in the gaps on the table. Today, the table can be used to predict properties of elements yet to be discovered, although these new elements are all highly radioactive and break down into more familiar elements almost instantly.
10 The table is useful for modern students and scientists because it helps predict the types of chemical reactions that are likely for an element. Rather than memorize facts and figures for each element, a quick glance at the table reveals a lot about the reactivity of an element, whether it is likely to conduct electricity, whether it is hard or soft, and many other characteristics. Elements in the same column as each other (groups) share similar properties. For example, the elements in the first column (the alkali metals) are all metals that usually carry a 1+ charge in reactions, react vigorously with water, and combine readily with nonmetals.
Elements in the same row as each other (periods) share highest unexcited electron energy level. Another useful feature of the periodic table is that most table provide all the information you need to balance chemical reactions at a glance. The table tells an element’s atomic number and usually its atomic weight. The usual charge on an element is indicated by an element's group.
Trends or Periodicity The periodic table is organized according to trends in element properties: Moving Left to Right Across the Row • Atomic Radius Decreases • Ionization Energy Increases • Electron Affinity Generally Increases (except Noble Gases) • Electronegativity Increases Moving Top to Bottom Down a Column • Atomic Radius Increases • Ionization Energy Decreases • Electron Affinity Usually Decreases Moving Down a Group • Electronegativity Decreases (Source: Courtesy of wikipedia for releasing this image into the public domain) 11 LISTEN AND PRACTICE Watch the video and do the exercises to improve your English vocabulary [Video] Do this exercise while you listen. Complete the gaps with the correct word(s). Lemon juice is an while soap is a. The intensity of may vary in different acids.
The best examples of that contain acids include citrus fruits like orange, lemon, lime and grapes. Bases, when added to , give foam, and feel soapy when touched. Imagine, we mix a strong acid like with a strong base like. are the products of reaction between an acid and a base.
The substance used to check whether the compound is acidic or basic is called an. Indicators when added with acids or bases, show a change in. READ AND PRACTICE Preparation Match the proper names to the following definitions a. Acids are electron pair acceptors while bases are electron pair donors.
Acids are substances that donate protons (H+) whereas bases are substances that accept protons. Acids are substances that ionize (break off) in an aqueous solution to Lowry producehydrogen (H+) ions while bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution. Read the text below and then check your choice while reading the text below. In chemistry, acids and bases have been defined differently by three sets of theories.
One is the Arrhenius definition, which revolves around the idea that acids are substances that ionize (break off) in an aqueous solution to produce hydrogen (H+) ions while bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution. On the other hand, the Bronsted-Lowry definition defines acids as substances that donate protons (H+) whereas bases are substances that accept protons. Also, the Lewis theory of acids and bases states that acids are electron pair acceptors while bases 12 are electron pair donors. Acids and bases can be defined by their physical and chemical observations.
Practice Translate the text below into Vietnamese. Be careful with the Vietnamese terminology.