BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP NGÀNH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OF AN IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION OF OCCLUSAL DENTAL PROBLEMS GVHD: NGUYEN THANH HAI SVTH: NGUYỄN PHÚC BẢO SVTH: NGUYỄN LÊ GIA BÁCH SKL 0 0 7 3 4 7 Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 08/2020 do an HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS - BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING --------------------------------- GRADUATION THESIS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT: DESIGN OF AN IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION OF OCCLUSAL DENTAL PROBLEMS Advisor: Assoc. NGUYEN THANH HAI Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Student ID: 16129006 Nguyễn Lê Gia Bách Student ID: 16129008 Ho Chi Minh City, August 2020 do an HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS - BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING --------------------------------- GRADUATION THESIS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PROJEC T'S NAME: DESIGN OF AN IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION OF OCCLUSAL DENTAL PROBLEMS Advisor: Assoc. NGUYEN THANH HAI Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Student ID: 16129006 Nguyễn Lê Gia Bách Student ID: 16129008 Ho Chi Minh City, August 2020 i do an HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Independence – Freedom– Happiness Department of Electronics Industrial-Biomedical Engineering ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, July 30, 2020 MISSION Student name: Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Student ID: 16129006 Nguyễn Lê Gia Bách Student ID: 16129008 Major: Biomedical Engineering Major ID: D520212 Type of training: Regular full time Code: 1 Year: 2016 Class: 161290B I.
GRADUATION PROJECT: DESIGN OF ONE IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF OCCLUSAL DENTAL PROBLEMS II. Initial resources: - Raspberry Pi 3 B plus. - Camera (F) for Raspberry. Implementation: - Understanding the anatomy of human teeth.
- Understanding the basic concept of infrared light and how it impacts enamel. - Design and fabricate a 3D model. - Use Python programing language. - Design PCB and fabricate a power supply board.
- Design a prototype version. DATE OF DELIVERY: 15/03/2020 IV. DATE OF COMPLETION: 03/08/2020 V. ADVISOR NAME: Assoc.
NGUYEN THANH HAI ADVISOR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIAL- BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ii do an HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Independence – Freedom– Happiness Department of Electronics Industrial-Biomedical Engineering ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, July 30, 2020 SCHEDULE Student name: Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Student ID: 16129006 Student name: Nguyễn Lê Gia Bách Student ID: 16129008 Class: 161290B Graduation project: Design of one image acquisition system for detection of occlusal dental problems Week Task description Lecturer confirm Week 1st Meet the advisor to listen to the request (March 9 - for doing a project, choose a project topic. March 16) Week 2nd (March 17 - Advisor reviews topic. March 24) Week 3rd Write an abstract of the selected topic: (March 25 - what the topic purpose is, the design April 1) request, the limits of the topic. Week 4th & week 5th Research into a theoretical basis of the (April 2 - project on many resources.
April 16) Week 6th & week 7th Buy components, design the prototype and (April 17 - conduct experiments May 1) Week 8th & week 9th Change the design and continue (May 2 - May conducting experiments. 17) Week 10th & week 11th Make a power supply board and continue (May 18 - conducting experiments. June 2) iii do an Week 12th & week 13th Write a thesis report, and continue (June 3 - June conducting experiments. 17) Week 14th & week 15th Complete the model and continue (June 18 - conducting experiments.
July 3) Week 16th & week 17th Complete the thesis report, submit to the (July 4 - July advisor for the last inspection. 18) Week 18th Submit the final version of the thesis (July 19 - report and report the thesis. July 25) Week 19th (July 26 - Make a presentation. August 1) ADVISOR (Sign and write your full name) iv do an GUARANTEE We guarantee that this project is our research, under Assoc.
NGUYEN THANH HAI 's guidance. The results published in this project are honest and are not replicated from any other work. Students: Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Nguyễn Lê Gia Bách v do an ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To complete this graduation project, the first words of our group would like to say sincere thanks to Assoc. NGUYEN THANH HAI for his dedication that helps us a lot to accomplish our project.
In the process of doing this thesis, Dr. Hai not only provides us useful knowledge but also trains us to have a severe attitude of scientific research, which is very necessary for the career path later. The group would like to thank the teachers in the Department of Industrial Electronics - Biomedical Engineering for providing the best conditions for us to complete the topic. Besides, we would like to thank all the lecturers who taught us foundation knowledge in the previous semesters, thanks to this background knowledge, and the group was able to complete the project.
Thank parents for your hard-working in raising us to school. The more extended period spending on working, the more we understand the suffering of our parents Finally, we would like to express our sincere thanks to the people who have contributed and helped the group to implement this project successfully. Sincerely thanks! Ho Chi Minh City, July 28, 2020 Students Nguyen Phuc Bao Nguyen Le Gia Bach vi do an TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover. vi Table of contents.
vii List of figures. ix List of tables .5 Thesis Report Outline. MATERIALS AND METHODS .1 Overview of Human Teeth .5 Near-Infrared Laser and Tooth Enamel .6 Image Processing Methods. DESIGN AND CALCULATION .22 vii do an 3.1 Calculation of The Image Acquisition System .1 Block Diagram of An Acquisitive Device.2 The 5-Volt Power Supply .3 Case Designs for The Image Acquisition System.
ASSEMBLY OF THE IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM .1 Assembly of The Power Supply .2 Inspection of The Power Supply .2 Enclosure of The Image Acquisition System .3 Image Acquisition System Software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .2 The Power Supply .3 Result Images Acquisition. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK .43 viii do an LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1 The names of human teeth.
2 The anatomy of human tooth. 3 The bitewing view. 4 The full mouth view. 5 The occlusal view.
6 The periapical view. 7 The attenuation coefficient of dental enamel (filled circles) water (open circles) versus wavelength. 9 The Image is processed with Histogram Equalization method. 10 Camera(F) 5MP For Raspberry Pi with two infrared LEDs.
11 The connection of camera and Raspberry. 12 The circuit of a diode bridge. 13 The output waveform of the diode bridge. 14 The circuit of bridge rectification.
15 The output of bridge rectification. 16 The regulator circuit diagram. 17 The power supply circuit diagram. 1 Block diagram of the system.
2 The power supply circuit diagram. 3 The design of the raspberry case. 4 The front side (a) and backside (b) of the camera holder. 5 The probe of the image acquisition device.
6 Block diagram showing the connection of parts of the system. 1 The power supply. 2 The inspection of the output voltage. 3 The side view of the device.
4 The top view of the device. 5 The position of NIR LEDs. 6 The flowchart of the image acquisition system. 1 Testing the Infrared LED.
2 Image of the tooth under visible light. 3 The images with two different NIR wavelengths 940nm and 850nm. 35 ix do an LIST OF TABLES Table 2. 1 Infrared LEDs Comparison Table.
1 The consumption power of the circuit. 2 The Comparison of popular integrated circuit. 1 Electronic component of the power supply board. 1 The Output/Inputs voltage testing.
2 The comments of the real tooth. 3 The comments of the sample tooth. 4 Accuracy of the system refers to a visual ability of normal human eyes. 1 Comparison of Raspberry Camera.
3 The different between raspberry models. 44 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS - BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING x do an ABSTRACT The traditional methods of detection of the tooth caries such as radiographs are frequently ineffective in detecting initial lesions of the enamel. Moreover, Patients usually reject x-rays for health reasons. Therefore, we must find a safer resolution for this work.
In this project, we are going to fabricate a design of an image acquisition system for the detection of occlusal dental problems. The goal of this project is to test the diagnostic advantage of a new device in combination with a prototype camera for detecting tooth caries in life images by using a laser source near-infrared (760 nm). The results show how the image acquisition system looks like and the output images of the image acquisition system. The near-infrared device provides information about the exact location of the lesion, as well as indicating the severity of the lesion in enamel but cannot precisely determine the depth of the lesion in dentine.
Regarding future works, we want to improve some aspects of the project, such as the shape, the accuracy of output images, auto-detection ability. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS - BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING xi do an Chapter 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT It is believed that health plays an essential role in our life. Nowadays, because of awareness of its value, many people can spend vast amounts of money on health care services. The cardiovascular system, immune system, digestive system are concerned the most.
With scientific and technological advances, those things will be handled easier by doctors in the next decades. During the past centuries, the concern of tooth’s health rockets rapidly. There are many known problems with the human teeth that were explored by scientists. Caries (also known as tooth decay) are a significant infectious disease process that causes ruin the structure of teeth.
The decayed area is known as cavities, which was made by the metabolism process of bacteria. It damages a tooth’s enamel (the surface outside of teeth). In the first term of the process, we probably feel nothing but teeth’ condition will be getting worse day by day. Without any treatment, patients will feel painful, hard to eat foods, or even it leads to death.
The past 60-year period witnessed many considerable improvements in dental hygiene. They can be divided into two main types based on their purpose. The first one is for teeth’s caring, with inventions of usage of fluoride in dentifrices and rinses. The second one is inventions for tooth decay detection.
In this thesis, we strongly concentrate on detection methods which relate to our major the most. There are many methods to detect cavities, such as the visual ability of trained doctors, usage of X- ray (Tomography), and optical methods. Visual ability based on a doctor is the most basic Method that just provides us a result for reference. Tomography seems to be an efficient method with advances in modern technology.
But not many patients would like to utilize it because of the risks. We all know the risks of X-ray to our body, especially to the head area; therefore, we tend to deny radiation treatments. The last Method takes many advantages of the two above methods, so over the past thirty years, there has been an effort to develop optical methods for detection and imaging of dental decay. It looks as if there are many benefits we can get from optical methods.
For those reasons, we want to fabricate an image acquisition system taking advantage of the optical method.