TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG HÀNG HẢI II BỘ MÔN NGOẠI NGỮ GIÁO TRÌNH ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH 2 KHAI THÁC MÁY TÀU BIỂN (Lưu hành nội bộ) GIÁO VIÊN: NGUYỄN ĐÌNH CUNG DUY THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - 2017 UNIT 1. WHAT A DIESEL ENGINE IS 1. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR POINTS: 1. Word Power: machine máy produce sản xuất power công burn cháy oil dầu air không khí squeeze ép, nén pressure áp lực moving di chuyển combustion sự đốt takes place diễn ra within bên trong internal trong, ở trong steam hơi nước nhiên liêụ fuel external bên ngoài compress nén certain nhất định part phần cylinder xi lanh bore close-fitting lòng (xilanh) slide vừa sát, vừa khít trượt stroke kỳ connect kết nối mechanism cơ chế control kiểm soát purpose mục đích ordinary bình thường crank khủy trục, tay quây consists of bao gồm round quanh shaft trục bearing revolve ổ đở rod xoay quanh device thanh convert thiết bị chuyển đổi in-and-out motion lên xuống rotating sự chuyển động motion đang quay crankshaft chuyển động valve trục khuỷu let van gas đưa/cho spray khí gas phun nozzle injector vòi phun deliver kim phun finely cung cấp/chuyển mịn divided spray phun tách đều accomplish thực hiện pump bơm mention đề cập đến 2.
Preposition + V-ing: by burning oil Any prepositions may be followed by gerunds, i. to express the cause of that air is squeezed as in the text. Connective “Since” As and since can both be used to refer to the reason for something. They are used in the same way.
∙ As he wasn't ready, we went without him. ∙ Since she wanted to pass her exam, she decided to study well. Since- and as-clauses cannot stand alone. Relative Clause “OF WHICH”: Notes ∙ In non-defining clauses, you cannot use 'that' instead of who, whom or which.
∙ You cannot leave out the relative pronoun, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause: He gave me the letter, which was in a blue envelope. ∙ He gave me the letter, which I read immediately ∙ ∙ The preposition in these clauses can go at the end of the clause, e. ∙ This is Stratford-on-Avon, which you have all heard about. This pattern is often used in spoken English, but in written or formal English you can also put the preposition before the pronoun: e.
Stratford- on-Avon, about which many people have written is Shakespeare's birthplace. ∙ Non-defining clauses can be introduced by expressions like all of, many of + relative pronoun: Person Thing all of + whom + which any of + whom + which (a) few of + whom + which both of + whom + which each of + whom + which either of + whom + which half of + whom + which many of + whom + which most of + whom + which much of + whom + which none of + whom + which one of + whom + which two of etc. + whom + which Examples ∙ There were a lot of people at the party, many of whom I had known for years. ∙ He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken.
The relative pronoun which at the beginning of a non-defining relative ∙ clause, can refer to all the information contained in the previous part of the sentence, rather than to just one word. Chris did really well in his exams, which was a big surprise. ∙ A socialist and a conservative agreed on the new law, which is most unusual. READING 1: Read the following text carefully.
READING TEXT 1: A diesel engine is a machine which produces power by burning oil in a body of air which has been squeezed to a high pressure by a moving piston. Since it is a machine that produces power, it is called an engine, and since the burning or combustion takes place within itself, it is called an internal- combustion engine. A steam engine uses steam made by burning fuel outside the engine. This is external combustion.
To compress the air, put in the oil and produce power, every diesel must have certain basic parts. It must have a cylinder, in the bore of which a close fitting piston can slide in and out to make strokes. The piston must be connected to a mechanism which controls its sliding. For this purpose, ordinary engines use a crank mechanism.
PRACTICE AND EXERCISES: 1. Talk It Over: Ask and say what a diesel engine is, using your knowledge of what you have learnt in the major subjects. Match the items with the pictures 2. Reading Comprehension: Read the text about a diesel engine; Answer the following questions.
What does a diesel engine produce? 2. How is oil burnt in a diesel engine? 3.What is the main difference between an internal-combustion engine and an external combustion engine? 4. Name the basic parts of diesel engine. What parts of a diesel engine are mentioned in the text? 6.
What does the piston do? 7. What part of the diesel engine is the piston connected to? 2. Phrases for Expressions in Use: Study the sample and do the exercises below. To compress the air, put in the oil and produce power, every diesel must have certain basic parts Tasks: Use the correct verb and change Infinitive phrases at the beginning.
Trees were planted………………. This is good………………(get) rid of headaches. We crept up the stairs………………. A mouse is a devise………………….(move) the cursor around the computer screen 5.
I swept the broken glass………………. The new paint is excellent…………………… (cover) walls with cracks in. We will write Claire’s name in the calendar………………. We spent the summer in London……………… (improve) our English.
I didn’t say anything about Claude’s hair………………. She bought a cage………………. (keep) her hamster in. Structures in Use: 1.
Preposition + V-ing: Put the correct verbs in the gaps: 1. I've always dreamt of (live) in Tahiti. they talked about (move) to New Zealand. I don't feel like (go) there tonight.
I'm thinking of (buy) a house in Shekou. We decided against (move) to New Zealand. The President doesn't approve of (drink), that's why they removed the staff bar. If you participate in( do) anything, try to do it well.
I am working on (improve) my spelling. We depend on (do) most of our business at Christmas. Stop (talk) and get on with doing this exercise. She doesn't believe in (diet), just lots of exercise.
I apologise for (lose) your essays. He had to pay for (drink) so much Champagne. They couldn't agree on (lower) tarriffs, so had to meet again later. Using Connective/Conjunctions “Since”…: Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.
1 Things were different I was young. 2 I do it I like it. 3 Let us wait here the rain stops. 4You cannot be a lawyer _ you have a law degree.
5 That was years years ago. 6 She has not called she left last week. 7 I saw him leaving an hour two ago. 8 This is an expensive very useful book.
9We were getting tired we stopped for a rest. 10 He was angry he heard when happened. Relative Clause “OF WHICH”: My grandmother, , came from the North of England. I spoke to Fred, ∙ Choose the phrases in the box for the following gaps:.
∙ The old man looked at the tree,. We stopped at the museum, ∙. She's studying maths,. ∙ I've just met Susan,.
He had thousands of books,. ∙ ∙ ∙ which we'd never most of which he who is dead now which many been into had read people hate who explained under which he whose husband the problem had often sat works in London 3. READING 2: Read the following text carefully. READING TEXT: This (crank mechanism) consists of a round shaft which can turn in bearings and has a crank (which turns in a circle when the shaft revolves), and a connecting rod which connects the crank to the piston.
The connecting rod is a straight rod with a bearing at each end. The crank mechanism is a device for converting the in-and-out motion of the piston to rotating motion of the crankshaft. The power produced by the engine is taken off the crankshaft. Valves are needed to let the air into the cylinder and let out the burned gases after they have done their work.
Also a spray nozzle, or fuel injector, is needed to deliver the oil for burning in the form of a finely divided spray. To do this, the oil must be put under pressure. This is accomplished by a pump which is called a fuel injection pump. However, even the simplest diesel engine has other parts than those just mentioned.
PRACTICE AND EXERCISES: 1. Talk It Over: Asking and answer what the parts of a diesel engine. Asking and say which parts are mentioned and how the parts work. Phrases for Expressions in Use: Have a look at this for reference: Noun Phrases: Adj + noun (the simplest diesel engine) Now, find some more phrases from the text.
Reading Comprehension: Read the text about a diesel engine. Answer the following questions. What parts does the crank mechanism consist of? 3. What are valves needed for? 4.
What kinds of valve are fitted in a 4-stroke diesel engine? 5. What about in two-stroke diesel engine? 6. What does the fuel injector deliver to the engine? 7. What must be done to the oil before delivering it to the cylinder? 4.
Pattern-based Role-Play: Make questions and Answer in pairs about the diesel engine. Further Practice: Find and list the verbs in the text for functions of each parts of a diesel engine. LISTENING/DIALOGUES: Working Conditions 3/off: Second Officer, I know that our salaries are based upon our rank, but are our salaries any different from the Japanese crew? 2/off: Yes, they are. They’re different because Japanese of the system.
In Japan,a company employment.guarantees lifetime starts work for a company, he is guaranteed Once an employee a job until retirement. And salaries are based on seniority. Salaries increase with the number of years the employee works for a company. 3/off: So salaries don’t vary according to rank, then? 2/off: No, they don’t.
for seamen, however, the base salary varies depending on whether you are an officer or a crewmember. 3/off: So once a person starts working for a company, their employment is secure? 2/off: No, that’s not exactly right, and lately, things have been changing. It seems that shipping companies cannot remain competitive unless they use a Western-style salary system. More companies have abandoned their seniority system and now apply wages based on job evaluation.
3/off: Well, our contracts start at departure from Manila and finish at arrival at Manila. E think that the Japanese system is better. 3/off: Yes, and Japanese salaries are generally much higher than ours 2/off: But you can’t only compare salaries. You also to take have account the living standards of each that into Japanese seamen areWe can’t country.
richer say than Filipino seamen because prices are much higher in Japan than in the Philippines. Key words: salaries: wages, usu. paid on a monthly basis rank: position, status guarantee(s): to promise or secure lifetime employment: a lifelong promise of work retirement: to stop working after reaching a certain age seniority: a job promotion system based on age or length of service vary: to differ, to change employment: having a job or work competitive: able to compare favorably with others job evaluation: judging how well a person is doing his job contract: basic agreement between concerned parties living standards: level of comfort, quality of life lived by people 5. CONSOLIDATION: Translate the following sentences in to English: 1 .