CAMBRIDGE __ Professional English forwvorkandlife CAMBRIDGE on | sional Eng 5# CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, New Delhi Cambridge University Press c/o Cambridge University Press India Pvt. Cambridge House 4381/4, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110002 India www.org © Cambridge University Press 2004 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2004 Reprinted 2005 First South Asian edition 2007 This South Asian edition is based on Dignen / English 365, Personal Study Book 2 with Audio CD/ 9780521753692/ 2004 Printed in India at Sanat Printers Kundli, Haryana.
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN-13 978-0-521-71804-2 paperback (Book with Audio CD) Contents Introduction 7 Better language learning 8 Better language learning notes 10 Language for language learning 14 Practice exercises 19 Answer key to Practice exercises 49 Contents of the Audio CD 63 Answer key to Listening units 92 Track numbers 94 Thanks and acknowledgements 96 Introduction Welcome to the English365 Personal Study Book 2. This book and Audio CD are to help you to practise and learn the English you need for work and for your free time. There are two parts to the book: Personal Study Book This Introduction tells you about the organisation of the book and CD. Better language learning gives you ideas about what good learners do to learn more English.
Language for language learning gives you words you must understand for your work in the classroom and for homework. The Practice exercises give you one page of self-study exercises for each unit (1-30) in the English365 Student’s Book 2. You can do one page of exercises after each classroom lesson: * exercises for type 1 units (Units 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28) practise grammar and sometimes pronunciation + exercises for type 2 units (Units 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26 and 29) practise vocabulary and skills you need for your work + exercises for type 3 units (Units 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30) practise the English you need for everyday situations and general vocabulary. Personal Study Book Audio CD The Listening exercises are to give you practice in some important areas of social and professional communication.
You can listen to the exercises on the CD, write your answers in the book and then check your answers in the Answer key. The Audio CD also contains work from the English365 Student's Book 2 which you can practise on your own: * Pronunciation (type 1 units) and + Social English dialogues (type 3 units). The Tapescript for these is at the back of this book. See page 63 for the contents of the CD.
Introduction 7 Better language learning This book and the Audio CD are to help you work between lessons and to remember the work you do with your teacher, You can also help yourself to learn faster using the following ten-point action plan to improve your own learning style. 1 Think about why you want to learn. 2 Think about how important it is to learn English. If it is important for you and your job, you will give it a lot of time.
But remember: it is difficult to learn a language well without classroom lessons and practice outside the classroom. 3 Decide how much time you can give to your English. You can learn a lot in five or ten minutes per day. Little and often is best.
4 Think about what you want to learn, Have an objective for each day, each week and each month. 5 Think about how you learn. For example, do you like to hear new language or to write it down or to see it on the page? Do the things that are best for you. 6 Plan your work for the day, for the week and for the month to come.
Give yourselfa present when you reach a goal. 8 Think about yourself learning well and speaking English well. This ‘mental modelling’ can be good for your learning. Good learners think about their learning.
Write about: + what you study + when you study + how you feel about your study. 10 Review your work. We often don’t learn something the first time we do it. We often have to do something three or more times before we can do it well.
Use pages 10-13 to write your own learning plan. You may also discuss some of these questions with your teacher and with the other people in your class. Thinking about the questions before you talk about them is also good for your learning! 8 Better language learning PLAN what you are going to learn. Have clear goals.
PRACTISE what you are learning. REVIEW what you have learnt. For more ideas about improving the way you learn, look at Learning to Learn English by Gail Ellis and Barbara Sinclair, published by Cambridge University Press. Better language learning 9 Better language learning notes Write your own notes to help you learn English better and faster.
It's a good idea to write your answers in pencil. Your answers to some questions may change as your learning gets better. It’s not necessary to answer all the questions. But answering some of them ~ even just one or two of them - will help you think about your learning and help you to be a better learner.
Choose the questions you think are the most useful and work on them. Step 1: Why do I want to learn English? Step 2: How important is it for me to learn English? Learning English is: Very important a Not very important Z: Quite important Not at all important 10 Better language learning notes Step 3: How much time can I give to my English? Ican give: 5 minutes a day 10 minutes a day 15 minutes a day 20 minutes a day 30 minutes a day 45 minutes a day 60 minutes a day Step 4: What do I want to learn? Write in pencil and use an eraser so that you can change your objectives each day/week/month. My objectives for today are: Better language learning notes 11 Step 5: How do I learn? When I am learning English I like to When I am learning English I don’t much like to Notes: Step 6: What is my plan for my learning? Today I plan to do these activities This week I plan to do these activities. This month I plan do these activities.
Notes: Step 7: How will I reward myselfif I do everything in my plan? My reward for this week's work will be. My reward for this month’s work will be Notes: Step 8: How do I think of myself speaking English well? Think about yourself speaking English well. Write down: + what you are talking about: + who you are talking to: + where you are talking: + the time of day: What do you need to do to make this picture come true? Notes: 12 Better language learning notes Step 9: How do I keep a diary of my learning? Use this checklist: + Do have a notebook to write my diary in? + How shall I organise my diary?. * Will I write in it every day/week/month?, + What shall I write in it? Step 10: Do I review my work? Do I review my work?.
‘What shouldI review? How often should I review? Final question. Ask yourself from time to time: at + Am I making progress? + Am [achieving my objectives? + What is stopping me from achieving my objectives? Better language learning notes 13 Language for language learning Guide to grammar terms These are words we use to talk about English grammar. You will meet them all in English365 Books 1 and 2. They will help you understand the grammar work you do in the classroom and for homework.
Use your dictionary to write your own translation of words you don't know. Adjective (noun) A word that describes a noun or pronoun. For example, ‘big’, ‘red’, ‘good" and ‘easy’ are all adjectives. ‘Adverb (noun) Aword that describes or gives more information about a verb, adjective, phrase, or other adverb.
For example, ‘quickly’, ‘extremely’ and ‘well’ are all adverbs. Auxiliary verb (noun phrase) ‘Averb which is used with another verb to form tenses, negatives and questions: ‘be’, ‘have’ and ‘do’ are the three auxiliary verbs in English. Comparative (adjective) ‘The form of an adjective or adverb that is used to show that someone or something has more of something than someone or something else. For example, ‘better’ is the comparative of ‘good’ and ‘smaller’ is the comparative of ‘small’, Conditional (adjective) A conditional sentence usually contains the word ‘if and says that something must be true or must happen before something else can be true or happen.
Consonant (noun) A letter of the alphabet that is not a vowel: ‘b’ and ‘c’ are consonants, ‘a’ and ‘e’ are not consonants. Contraction (noun) A short form ofa word or words. For example, ‘won't’ is the contraction of ‘will not’. Countable (adjective/noun) Anoun with a singular and plural form.
For example, ‘git!’ and ‘girls’. Intonation (noun) ‘The way your voice goes up and down when you speak. Irregular (adjective) Something which does not follow a general grammar rule. The opposite of ‘irregular’ is ‘regular’.
For example, ‘go -> went ~ gone’ is an irregular verb. 14 Language for language learning Letter (noun) There are 26 letters in the English alphabet, from A to Z; five are vowels and the rest are consonants. Modal verb (noun phrase) A verb which is used before another verb to show that something is possible, necessary, etc. For example, ‘can’, ‘must’, ‘may’, etc.
Passive (adjective/noun) A passive verb or sentence is one in which the subject does not do or perform the action but is affected by it. For example, ‘He was given the top job’ is a passive sentence. Pronoun (noun) Aword that is used instead of a noun which has usually already been talked about. For example, the words ‘she’, ‘him’ and ‘mine’ are all pronouns.
Quantifier (noun) Aword or group of words which is used before a noun to show an amount of that noun. For example, the words ‘much’, ‘many’ and ‘a lot’ are quantifiers. Rule (noun) A rule tells us something about how a system, for example, a grammar system works. For example, the rule about making questions with the verb "to be’ in English tells us to change the order of the subject and the verb: “He is happy’ >‘Is he happy?” Schwa (noun) The schwa is the pronunciation symbol /a/ as in ‘teacher’ ~> /tistfa/ and ‘opposite’ -> /npazit/.
Silent (adjective) A silent letter in a word is one which you do not pronounce. For example, the ‘b’ in ‘doubt’. Stress (verbjnoun) When you say one part ofa word more strongly. For example, ‘important’ has three syllables and when you pronounce it, you stress the second syllable.
Stress pattern (noun phrase) Arule which tells you where the stress will fall. For example, for words ending in ation’, the stress always falls on the next-to-last syllable. Superlative (noun) The form of an adjective or adverb that is used to show that someone or something has more of something than anyone or anything else. For example, ‘best’ is the superlative of ‘good’ and ‘slowest’ is the superlative of ‘slow’.
Language for language learning 15 Syllable (noun) Aword or part ofa word that has one vowel sound. For example, ‘important’ has three syllables. Uncountable (adjectivejnoun) Anoun which does not have a plural form and cannot be used with ‘a’ or ‘one’. For example, ‘music’ and ‘furniture’ are uncountable nouns.