LANDSLIDE HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ROAD NETWORK USING RS AND GIS: A CASE STUDY OF XIN MAN DISTRICT, VIET NAM Lai Tuan Anh A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering Examination Committee: Dr. Kiyoshi Honda (Chairperson) Dr. Marc Souris Dr. Ulrich Glawe Nationality: Vietnamese Previous Degree: Bachelor of Engineering in Geodesy Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam Scholarship Donor: AIT Fellowship Asian Institute of Technology School of Engineering Technology Thailand May 2006 ACKNOW LEDGEMENT Tis with delight that the author first of all extends his heardes gratitude to the Thesis research committee Chairperson, DR Kiyoshi Honda for is professional guidance, advice, tencouragement throughout the study The technical and conceptual support of Dr Mare Souris, thesis committee memiber, helped me to conduct the research for which I express my thanks to hìm, Valuable suggestions support of Dr Ulrich Glawe and thesis committee member help me to work enthusiastically so T am grateful to him, 1 would like to express my sincere thanks to DANIDA for the scholarship and Star program forthe research grand, thereby making this study possible.
Special thanks go to RSL staff, Mr. Do Minh Phuong for providing all the necessary on time. Tam grateful lo the local in Xin Man province who provided and g ide me go to all the landslide points to measurement GPS. My vote of thanks goes to all my fiends, Mr.
Tran Trung Kien, Miss Dao Thi Chau Ha, for their helps, supports, sharing the difficulties to my life in AIT. Most ofall, [want to express my deep appreciation to my family: Parents, my sister for their endless love, constant support and encouragement for the graduate study. ABSTRACT Xin Man district in the South west Ha Giang has high landslide hazard. However, the available information on landslide in Xin Man district is still limited.
We constructed the essential spatial database of landslides using GIS techniques. The quantitative relationships between landslides and factors affecting landslides are established by the Certainty Factor (CF). The affecting factors such as slope, elevation, landcover, geology, road distance, lineament distance, drainage density are recognized. By applying CF value integration and landslide zonation, the most significant affecting Factors are selected.
By using RS&GIS technology landslide occurrences on all these factors have been analyzed, The vector based GIS has been used for diitizing to produce thematic maps, as analysis for study was based on the pixel based information therefore Raster based GIS has been used for the analysis, Pixel based calculation was made by using the CF value Model. By using the CF model we ‘obtain the CF value forall clases al all factor maps. On the basis of these CF value all factor maps are recoded and matrix analysis was perform to produce a Landslide Hazard Zonation Landslide Hazard Zonation map has been applied to develop a methodology to produce hazard maps considering the behavior of landslide and to evaluate potential damage to infrastructure specific road system, Different factors have been cons dered for this study, ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Title page i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT a ‘ABSTRACT it ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS w LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vị LIST OF MAPS ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.1 Background 1 12 Statement of problem 1 13 Objectives 2 1.4 Scope and limitation 2 2 LITERARUTE REVIEW 3 2.1 Haơand, risk & vulnerability 3 2.2 Landslide Hazard mapping 4 2.3 Fundamental of Remote sensing 5 24 GIS overview 2 2.5 Global Positioning System (GPS) 2 2.6 Web Map Server 2 27 Landslide Studies 15 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 18 31 Area and situation Is 32 Chmate 18 33 Rainfall Is 3.6 Elevation 2 47 Slope ” 38 Lineament 25 39 Road system 2 3.11 Landcover 30 4 METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS 33 4.2 Compilation of Required data 33 4.3 Field Survey by using GPS uM 44 Extraction of maps from the source data 35 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 45 Methodol xy and Analysis Data 3 46 Data Entry 40 47 Analysis data dị 4.8 Landslide Hazard Zonation Map 8 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS “4 5.1 Characterize several types of landslide in Xin Man district “4 5.2 Landslide Hazard Zonation map 46 533 Landslide Hazard Zonation map 54 5.4 Accuracy Check for Landslide Hazard Zonation Map 60 5.5 Develop a methodology to produce hazard maps considering the behavior of landslides ø 536 Publish Landslide Hazard Zonation to Inernet using Web Map Server 69) 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16 6.2 Recommendation n APPENDICES 80 LIST OF TABLES TABLE, TITLE PAGE 24 Landsat 7 ETM image characteristic 31 Geology, major litho-stratigraphic units with their corresponding classes 32 ‘Area under Geology 33 ‘Area under Elevation 34 ‘Area under slope 35 ‘Area under distance to lineament 36 Area under distance to road 37 ‘Area under drainage density 38 “Area under Landeover 41 ‘Analysis data from different sources 42 Hazard zones 31 CF value of Geological 52 CCF value of distance to lincament 33 CF value of slope angle s CCF value of elevation classes 35 CF value of drainage density 56 CF value of landeover layer sĩ CF value of distance to road sẽ “The hazard value ranges used for road buffer 59 The hazard value ranges used for whole area 5.10 area for landslide hazard zone for butfer area su ` area fo landslide hazard zone for whole area 5.12 Defining the risk sử (Classification risk level s4 Result of the risk class based onbuffer analysis LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE (Cetera for risk assessment (Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation 2002) Spectral reflectance of vegetation, soil and water Spectral reflectance of a green left ‘The image interpretation processing Data Flow in Remote sensing “The flow of geometric correction Procedures of Classification WES Processing Reque: Map of large Landslide areas of Vietnam “The yearly rainfall from 1961 to 2003 Location of Study area Xin Man district, Viet Nam Geology chart Elevation chart Slope chart in Xin Man distsict Distance to the lineament chart Road area under the buffer iinage density chan: Landeover chart ow Diagram For Landeover Map Flow Diagram for Digitized Map Flow Diagram for Landslide Map using GPS Flow Diagram For TIN and maps extraction from TIN Flow Diagram For Landcover Map extracted From Satellite Data Flow Diagram for Buffered Road and lincament Maps ‘Methodology ofthematic data layer preparation Show the landslide attacked road. ‘Wedge slip oceur along the road.
CF value of geological CCF value of distance to lineament Statistical map of slope angle distribution in Xin Man District CCF value of slope angle layer 50 CF value of elevation layer 5 CFvalue of drainage density layer 32 CE value of lindeover layer 33 CCF value fr distance road, 54 [Bar chart showing the distribution ofvarious hazatd zones 37 or buffer area in Xin Man district 37 ‘Bar chart showing the distribution of various hazard zones for whole area in Xin Man district, 37 Relative distributions of various hazard zones and landslide probability within ‘each zone in road buffer in Xin Man district, 60 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE sa Relative distributions of various hazard zones and landslide probability within teach zone whole area in Xin Man district 6 ss “The description ofthe road buffer 2 516 Show the process landslide ø 3.17 ‘Schematizaion the Landslide area 68 S18 Flow chart for procedure risk map ø 519 ‘Minnesota MapserverFramework Using CGT 10 sau Input daa from the Mapfile 7 sai Study area on WMS 4 s22 LHZ map in Xin Man on MapBrowser. m4 523 LHZ map on GMapFactory 1 LIST OF MAPS MAP TITLE 31 Tin in Xin Man district 32 Geological in Xin Man district 33 Elevation in Xin Man district, 34 Slope in Xin Man district 35 Distance to Hineament ia Xin Man, 36 Buffer road system in Xin Man 37 Drainage density in Xin Man 38 Landeover in Xin Man 39 Road system in Xin Man 31 Landslide distribution sin Xin Man district 52 [Landslide hazard zonation for bufer area in Xin Man 33 Landslide hazard zonation for buffer area in Xin Man 53 Risk of slope in Xin Man's Road Network sẻ Risk of distance to Xin Man's oad network 35 Risk in Xin Man sẽ Risk assessment for road network in Xin Man LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TIN ‘Triangulated Ireglar Network DEM Digital Elevation Model bm Digital terrain Model RS Remote Sensing ais ‘Geographical Information System ces Global Position System GML ‘Geographical Mark Up Language JPEG Join Photographic Experts Group Uniform Resource Locator www ‘World Wide Web WMS Web Map Service we Feature Service CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Landslide has become one of the world’s major natural disasters forthe few years in many eounies Landslides are the most common natural hazard in mountainous terrain. Landslide can be a major threat to population in the mountainous area. Even when they occur away from the inhabited areas, landslide can be asignificant hazard and have a serious economic impact by blocking roads and river (Aniya, 1985, J.
Landslides are widespread in many countries and cause great economic loses, especially when engineering constructions are designed and erected without heeding the stability conditions ofthe slopes (Q Zaruba, V.Menel 1967), Landslides become a problem when they interfere with human activity. The frequency and the magnitude of the slope failures can be increased due to human activities such as deforestation or urban expansion, Landslide hazard analysis is a difficult task, Tt requires large number of parameters and techniques for analysis, Remote sensing and GISare the powerful analysis tools to handle ths type of problems. A in the analysis oflandslide spatial information e. topography, geology, landeover, ete.
are involved, therefore application of Remote sensing. and GIS will be effective 1.2 Statement of problem - Although landslide usually occur in Xin Man district, but people who live near or inthe landslide’s local do not ilusrate the different between them, But actualy, there are many’ types of landslide which ean occur and each ofthem have separate characterize, We need to ive some information to describe characterize some types of landslide in Xin Man district, ~ Landslide is a serious disaster in Viet Nam. In recent 10 years, there are more than 10 areas occurred violent landslide, causing above 300 human deaths and thousands of hectares of solids was buried by stone, sand, pebble and hundreds of inhabitant settlements having to e ther living places and locations. These are responsible for considerably greater socio eeonommie loss than is generally recognized.
There are some projects and research applying for landslide but only for mid_center of Viet nam. Up to now, there is not hazard map, risk map about landslide in Xin Man district, the leader of province only have measure to prevent landslide every year and they have not had any project to study about landslide in the Xin Man. Hence, there is an urgent need to prepate landslide hazard zonation maps in the highly landslide susceptible mountainous terrain special is Xin Man district. = No other landslide investigation or risk assessment has been performed in Xin Man district to date = Understanding and prevent landslide hazard is very important for every people.
What can people do when lack of information about natural hazard? Nowadays, internet is popular and useful for every people. People can update, download all information and all thing which they need to Know, In this regard, we need to publish and share information about landslide on Intemet by using Web Map Sever.3 Objectives The general objective of this study is using Remote sensing and GIS technique to making landslide hazard zonation mapping in Xin Man district. The specific objectives of the study are 1. Characterize several types of landslide in Xin Man district.
Create zoning maps for landslide hazard that usually occurs in Xin Man district, 3. Develop a methodology to produce hazard maps considering the behavior of landslides 4. Publish and share landslide hazard zonation map's information on internet using ‘Web Map Server.