MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EVALUATING SPECIFICITY AND DETERMINING THE LIMIT OF DETECTION OF TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT and TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : TRAN NGUYEN MINH THANH Student code : 19126163 Academic year : 2019 - 2023 Thu Duc City, 08/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS EVALUATING SPECIFICITY AND DETERMINING THE LIMIT OF DETECTION OF TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT and TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT Advisor Student Dr. DINH XUAN PHAT TRAN NGUYEN MINH THANH Thu Duc City, 08/2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank the Board of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Board of Faculty of Biological Sciences along with all the teachers who taught and imparted knowledge to me during my time studying at the school. In addition, I also want to thank Biomin Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, Branch of Biomin Vietnam in Binh Duong (belonging to DSM Group). I really appreciate my advisor, PhD Dinh Xuan Phat, whose expertise was invaluable in formulating the research questions and methodology.
Your insightful feedback pushed me to sharpen my thinking and brought my work to a higher level. I am so grateful to Ms. Nguyen Thi Mi Mi, Ms. Cao Tran Quynh Nhu, Mr.
Le Thanh Binh, Mr. Hoang Gia Lam and other members of Gene Technology Laboratory BIO313 for supporting me during the completion of my graduation thesis. And last but not least, I want to send thanks of my family for always listening, trusting and accompanying over the past time. You are always there for me, at my worst, at my best.
I promise that I will try harder to become successful and make you proud. CONEIRMATION COMMITMENT My name is Tran Nguyen Minh Thanh, Student ID: 19126163, Class: DH19SHA, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City. I guarantee that this research was conducted by myself and that the results presented are utterly truthful and objective. Thu Duc City, August 2023 Student’s signature il ABSTRACT The purpose ofthis study was performed to evaluate the specificity and determine the limit of detection for two trial kits: TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT and TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT.
The qPCR of the trial kit was performed determining the limit of detection and checking specificity with some bacteria and viruses commonly appearance in samples. The results showed that the limit of detection of two kits was 5 copies/reaction and its specificity with target pathogens. The standard curve parameters of trial kits were a slope of -3.3969, a linear correlation (R2) of 0.9969, efficiency (E%) of 97% for FMDV’s kit, and a slope of -3.4606, a linear correlation (R?) of 0.9997, and efficiency (E%) of 95% for EMCV’s kit. After that the two trial kits were applied to investigate the presence of FMDV and EMCV in clinical samples collected from pig farms in Southern Vietnam.
Eighty field samples were examined and all samples were confirmed to be negative with each of pathogens. Additionally, it’s indicated that TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT and TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT can be utilized in routine diagnostics of these pathogens in pig farms. Keywords: EMCV, FMDV, limit of detection, real-time PCR (qPCR), specificity, trial Kit. il TÓM TẮT Đánh giá độ đặc hiệu và giới hạn phát hiện của hai bộ kit thử nghiệm TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT và TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá độ đặc hiệu và giới hạn phát hiện của hai bộ kit thử nghiệm 7opŠSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT và TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT.
Realtime PCR (qPCR) của các bộ kit được xác định giới han phát hiện và kiểm tra độ đặc hiệu với một số vi khuân và virus. Kết quả cho thấy rằng, giới hạn phát hiện của hai bộ kit thử nghiệm đều là 5 copies/phản ứng và đặc hiệu với các tác nhân muc tiêu. Các thông số đường chuẩn của TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT: hệ số dốc (Slope) -3,3969, hệ số tương quan R? = 0,9969 và hiệu quả khuếch đại (E%) 97%. TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT với hệ số dốc (Slope) là -3,4606, hệ số tương quan R7 = 0,9997 và hiệu quả khuếch đại (E%) = 95%.
Sau đó, hai bộ kit này đã được ứng dụng dé kiểm tra sự hiện điện của FMDV và EMCV với 80 mẫu thực địa được thu thập từ các tỉnh phía Nam và tất cả các mẫu đều cho kết quả âm tính. Tóm lại, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho thay hai bộ kit thử nghiệm TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT và TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT có thé ứng dụng trong chan đoán thường quy hai bệnh Lở mồm long móng và Viêm não-viêm cơ tim gây ra ở trên heo. Từ khóa: EMCV, FMD, giới hạn phát hiện, real-time PCR (qPCR), độ đặc hiệu, kit thử nghiệm. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOW LEDGEMEN TS sssssesssnssssenes venssuasenanssnannnennennavncensaenasas tneaasnenteoceunreseensnmiennenaane 1 CONFIRMATION COMMITMENT .c0sceccsssssesssssosssnsossenssseseenesssssnessessonessesessesnens i ABSTRACTscssesssmsesausnvnn secssusen 110386519655 80366050133668358330385850380115318356G176348559313 0338886 1H ¡"my —.
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. cà SH 20H ng. n0 xeg nas V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cácniieneinseeioioinisL0gg SEồ N2 34I4051385333953531314838193843358538 vill LIST OF TABLES piissecsrcssieietsiietboSiGG0001008:38250130Ẹ3Đ430/0u81804004E314305JV31580099133108601430060012086 1X LIST OF FIGURES sua sssssniidnssebieodiisodiidES081300363005309593960958400S080E0E9S0IGG20/4G1030/GTĐ08530/500 18.-- 2-1 21 21222 HH HH HH re 1 Dl TAGS OI, ố.ỐốỐốốốẽẽ nemenserasnionmnasraranreaneinmeseamaaianzae’ 1 1L Oe) (lee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 3 13. Content iss cove sesass cease Saeco Ss RE Ee 2 Chapter 2.
LITERATURE REVIEW scscsswnsacorvossnwnvesssxoressrreveeensnunerssyernsesseenssueanees 3 2. Introduction to FMDV 1. 3 Pe cll; CLASSIT IC ALON si sni2586016610113690650.3080585638:45©3:G83S80kESvES4383033Edg43:38uG33503820333835130L38g86 6655 3 21. sttucture of PMD V mass: mess oye eee Be ERE Eee area 3 201L, 50, (0.
e000) 0) \' ee ee a 5 Zl Sule GESORCAP NICs IST DU 6 cree nen ae nsenemeemnansinnnnsereqeceuneomaranwens sueanmeseesan teseesesnenmounecesues 5 2.ceccceccecceeceescesceeseeseeseeesececeeaecnceeaecsecesceseeaeeeceseeeseeaeeneeees 6 Delads 1: PPGTSTHISS | OM scccscse ssc scasananaw ans anes esiassiee aasencus eet ses mesion aaa Seat RACE TATRA ENOASUNERENIRNS 7 25 L4: Path GENES Set se s0 ng set lbgesv43351839358 80186 g505EE053i11588ggiuảN goidgai30gtodgagi083tgcreg trường gisÖbg2tiEt/ghD Le cl 5i1:150a:G01171161E1TTSP.ss8sssisosu3xkzsoidakz8sggeuoi38glnsgk3S0nESBUS80805i59. Introduction to EMCV 1.1, Structure Of EMG nugngbpogi61105303155544E04355EG5151XESEXSESSESISSGE4SEAEEASEASLESS4B.XEESSSS1464E 11 SOM ol oy (6 bcs 1000) (05° en ee ee eee 12 205/5 8) oP AUN O BENE SS yeseosasccs acess setssn sais atten iasteontannsssti ne snk tmmiv oiler nem awesome ORI 13 2. Climical Signs nan. Realtime PCR t6Chii que cscenvessennmemnemew eran eee 15 2.
16 23,3 Amiplilication DOŸ cen ercemmeeenseyn meer ae ene eee 18 OB Diels (IHBREBEsecseorersoaeeroitcbszcBflErrsuedosEpgaigtrocfkgkrrjBiciiidlio:=ugfritkritroliExiiot2ggzecsizETrSieogdttz2HijHi-3ntSz 18 2/3465: LOPTESHOIM CYCLE wcccscnsnemennsecncenermencenmeuremnen aa emmerrmmenneenmnnED 18 VN0)ai6i. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Time and location of the researCH:.-- -- 2 2+ 3232313212 kg ng ng nưy 21 5.2, Materials of the Tes eae hh. 2le CHEMICALS 87id:6dPIHGIĂneeeeddeni gh ghi thai GIAHfitĐSh4HRiUNSB4GTEEUEBIGEGIRU2GIBhEBCI0.
Reverse transcription Real-time PCT. TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KÍT. ---7 c5 cSs+sererrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrree 23 Sedadly ENAIUAUOI OF [HT SPGGIHDITY su nseesssbnithotlst4g603638646803100/99HE0NBISS-SGHS. Determine the limit of detection (LOID).
TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR. KU ssssvsemsecseesrsemssnr arcana: 24 3. Evaluation of the specificity 0. Determine for the limit of detection (LOID).
Investigate the presence of FMDV and EMCV in field samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION so bi D B2 E2 EV HD d5 20850812801838e8E 26 Mlcol SULLA sit eit ei cc tre a et aS EE 26 4. TopSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT. Testing analytical specificity.- 1t vn vn n nh HH HH HH re 26 4.
Determine the limit of detection (LOT). Investigate the presence of EMCV in field samples from pig farms. TopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT .LESGHB ately tical SpSCih Hy sccsiccacces acenenaaaesasermcammeve ssamewa mateaummaeavemanuan ast 29 4. Determine the limit of detection (LOÏ).
Investigate the presence of FMDV in field samples from pig farms. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.€€6ffiiienidliG Hỗ so se rong ndintaa DI GA IÔGAGGIỜNGIIASQSĂNHAHA903ữggBìSSISG-SAGSSI2NISGSSABSEE 35 IREEREERE N@ ES sec soxsctrsn nsec cet ee merino cet eats tou ce nse 36 APPENDIX, venvese noses snerswcncvesmeucs ensneusamanssssiences ste sesnetties eesteawans nnuceune wanna in sun euensousspenssuanvancad 43 vil LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASFV : African swine fever virus Ct : Cycle threshold DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid EMC : Encephalomyocarditis EMCV : Encephalomyocarditis virus FMD : Foot-and-mouth disease FMDV : Foot-and-mouth disease virus IC : Internal control ORF : Open reading frame PC : Positive control PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction PCV2 : Porcine Circovirus type 2 PRRSV : Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA : Ribonucleic acid RT-qPCR : Reverse transcription Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction WOAH : World Organisation for Animal Health Vill LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3. Evaluating of results qPCR to detect FMDV and EMCV. Repetitions of the qPCR for determining the limit of detection.
Repetitions of the qPCR for determining the limit of detection. 31 IX LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2. Genome and structure of FMDV 0. The geographical distribution of FMDV.
c7 5-5 S+cS+ccseeeseerrrexres 6 Fisure:2. Theroute of spreading the diséa$© scccsseccsserensaernscmmeenma naene Ỷ Figure 2. Vesicular lesions on feet of swine experimentally mnfected. Pigs with FMDV infection displaying clinical sign and lesions.
Genome compositions of recombinant EMCV. Heart of pig with EMCV Imf€cfion. Sagittal section of the heart of pig with EMCV Infection. The action of SYBR Green I ÏDye.
The action of TaqMan probe.- - --- -- 5522211131221 1531231 131211 1111 KH 1kg ke. The specificity evaluation of EMCV RT-qPCR KIt. The specificity evaluation of EMCV RT-qPCR KIt. Determine LOD of the EMCV RT-qPCR KIt.
Determine LOD of the EMCV RT-gPCR KIt. Detection limit and standard curves of EMCV RT-qPCR kit. The specificity evaluation of FMDV RT-qPCR kit. The specificity evaluation of FMDV RT-qPCR kit.
Determine LOD ofthe FMDV RT-qPCR KIC.- eee dl Figure 4. Determine LOD of the FMDV RT-qPCR KIt. Detection limit and standard curves of FMDV RT-qPCR kit. Introduction In recent years, pork consumption has been decreasing in some countries due to many factors, but it is still quite high because pork 1s the main ingredient of many dishes in East and Southeast Asia, and the Western world, particularly in Central Europe.
The swine industry is not only an essential food source for the people but also played an important role in economic development. Nonetheless, the livestock industry is still facing many difficulties due to the impact of a number of reasons such as input costs, biosecurity, especially diseases as FMDV and EMCV. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe highly contagious disease caused by picornavirus. FMD 1s the first disease for which World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) established an official list of disease-free countries.
FMD in swine caused a serious impact on the economy of the global livestock and trade industries, it had to lead to the slaughter of swine or the destruction of infected herds to stop the spread of the disease. The economic impacts of FMD may be estimated revenue losses of between $49.8 billion (in present value terms) were expected over 10 years. Control costs were estimated at between $60 million and $373 million, with $6.2 million representing compensation to farmers for animals destroyed during control procedures (Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: www. Preventing FMD disease in time is crucial to prevent damage caused by epidemics.
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was also a widely distributed picornavirus that caused substantial pig mortalities due to heart disease. In piglet, virus could be expressed as acute myocarditis and sudden death, whereas causing abortion, fetal mummification, stillbirth, and neonatal death in transplacental infection of sows. Because of similarities between EMC and FMD myocarditis in swine, they could be specifically diagnosed via virus isolation or molecular methods (Yuan ef al. The most common molecular method to diagnose these two viruses 1s RT-qPCR.
Currently, there are many qPCR kits that had been developed and practically used in the diagnosis of FMDV and EMCV, including the JTopSPEC® FMDV RT-qPCR KIT and 7opSPEC® EMCV RT-qPCR KIT which were in testing the presence of these pathogens in pig farm.