THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN QUANG HUNG TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF CAU RIVER FLOWS THROUGH THAI NGUYEN CITY BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Developmet Center Batch : 2011 – 2016 Thai Nguyen, September 2015 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Students name Nguyen Quang Hung Student ID DTN1153150039 Thesis title Assessment of water quality from Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen. Supervisor(s) Nguyen Huu Tho, PhD. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess on situation of water from Cau River flows through in Thai Nguyen City in the 2015 periods. The focus is on the following aspects: to assess the state of water treatment Cau River flowing through the city of Thai Nguyen and propose solutions to reduce water pollution.
Regarding to the processing of water, Cau River is a place that has the largest number of water that gives to people in Thai Nguyen. It is bring many advantages for agricultural and industrial. In industrial areas, some companies discharging waste water directly into the line a very large number of domestic sewage and industrial; it can be exceeded permissible standards. Besides, many people have had acts of environmental pollution in the discharge of domestic wastewater or lack of understanding of the provisions in the wastewater treatment.
Currently, Thai Nguyen started building and improving water treatment systems for water of Cau river, which is effective, and simple discharge management. After assessing the situation in the Cau river, the necessary measures are proposed. Within management, local governments need to take measures to check against the individual and organize to find the cause of pollution. With technological solutions, the options considered ii and evaluated in this thesis indicate that flowing river through Thai Nguyen can make choices to prevent and manage the quality of water in order to protect the environment.
Industrial Zone, wastewater, treatment, pollution, Keywords discharge, industry, domestic, etc. Number of pages: 60 Date of submission: 30/10/2015 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMET I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Msc. Nguyen Huu Tho for his invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis. I sincerely thank the lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on water treatment during the University program to all class attendants.
I also thank the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance. I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to my classmates, who supported me throughout this course, by their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to my thesis. In addition, I like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of interviewing.
I would like to thank my loved ones, who have supported me throughout entire process, both by keeping me harmonious and helping me putting pieces together. Thank you all very much! Sincerely yours, Thai Nguyen, July, 2015 Author Nguyen Quang Hung iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMET .iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. v LIST OF TABLES.viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS. Research questions and hypotheses.
Water resources and situation of water pollution in the world. Studies on water quality in Viet Nam. Study area review. The natural and socio-economic conditions of Thai Nguyen City.
Basic characteristics of Cau River .2 Assessment of current status of the water environmental quality of the Cau River.3 Propose some solutions to reduce pollution and the effects of contaminated river water for the surrounding environment management solutions. Secondary data collection methods. Methods of collecting, storing and analyzing samples. Questionnaire and Interview methods.4 Analyzing, synthesizing and assessing data methods.
Overview of Cau river flows through Thai Nguyen.1 Status of Water from Cau river in Thai Nguyen city. The situation of water from Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen.2 Assessment of current situation of water in Cau River and surrounding areas. Currents situation of water at Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen City. Assessment of water from Cau River to local people based on survey.
Recommendation of solutions to overcome and minimize water pollution of Cau River.3 Management solution for Citizens lives around Cau River in Thai Nguyen. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. 1 APPENDIX 1: SAMPLE SURVEY. 1 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Distribuiton of land use in Thai Nguyen City in 2015 ……….1 The Average result of water quality from Cau River in Cao Ngan Brigde of Son Cam commune ……………………………………….2 The Average result of water quality from Cau River in Gia Bay Brigde of Dong Bam commune …………….3 The Average result of water quality from Cau River in Thac Huong Dam ……………………….4 The total of result water quality from 3 places……………….5 The impact of water pollution to agriculture production and the health of people living around Cau River …………………………………….
30 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AOX : Absorbable Organic Halogens BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand EPA : Environmental Protection Agency DNRE : Department of Natural Resources and Environment LEP : Law on Environmental Protection MNRE : Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment TSS : Total Suspended Solids VEA : Vietnam Environment Administration ix PART I. Research rationale Environment is a system of natural and artificial material factors, which affect to the survival and the development of humans and animals (Environmental Protection Act, 2014). Those factors considered as basic components of the environment; they formed and developed under the law of nature. One of the most crucial and necessary factors for all life on earth in general and human in particular is water.
It does not only affect human's health, dietary needs, daily activities, but it is also a factor to ensure the prosperity of humankind. Nowadays, the development of science and technology has accelerated the pace of socio-economic development, creating a giant volume of material goods for meeting the growing demands of human. However, the socio-economic development, especially the rapid development of the industry in recent years has discharged a huge amount of wastewater. This is the direct cause of the environmental pollution in general and water quality decline in particular, that makes clean water on Earth become increasingly scarce and exhausted.
As a country with a growing economy, Vietnam has become the water polluted on the world. Among them, the Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City is one of the hot spots of water pollutants, especially water from households use in agriculture and a factory near the river. Research’s objectives - Assess the level of water pollution from Cau River flowing through Thai Nguyen City. - Propose solutions to reduce water pollution.
Research questions and hypotheses - What is an overview of Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City? - What is current situation of water of the Cau River? - What the opinions of people living around Cau River to reduce water pollution? 1. Limitations - Due to limitation of time and resources, this study mainly focuses on the water pollution in Cau River through flows Thai Nguyen City. - The survey is examined is relatively small, the findings cannot be generalized to the broader community. - The water data is only taken from a source; it would not achieve absolute accuracy for the all area.
- The measurement and sampling time is only done 3 times/ day. Therefore, the samples cannot reflect the entire of pollution. -This study solely mentions to the water situation of the Cau River in short term of the 2015 periods. Definitions - Environment According to term I- article 3 of the Law on environmental protection (The National Assembly of Vietnam, 2014), environment is defined as “a system of natural and artificial physical factors affecting the existence and development of human beings and creatures ".
2 Environmental pollution According to term 8-article 3 of the Law on environmental protection (The National Assembly of Vietnam , 2014), Environmental pollution refers to " the change in the environment components in breach of technical regulations or environment and environmental standards, which can result in adverse impacts on human beings and creatures ". - Water resources According to Jason A. Hubbart and Jacqueline (2013). “Water resources are used in various ways including direct consumption, agricultural irrigation fisheries, hydropower, industrial production, recreation, navigation environmental protection, the disposal and treatment of sewage and industrial effluents.
Water has sources and ex economic, social and political characteristics which make it a unique and challenging natural resource to manage ". - Water pollution “Water pollution is a worse change physical chemical and biological property of water, with the presence of abnormal in liquid and solid form, making substances water become toxic to humans and organisms, and reducing biodiversity in water. In Terms of speed and scale of water pollution needs to be concerned more than impact, soil contamination ( Thien, 2007). - Environmental standards - Environmental standards are referred in term 6 Law on Article 3 of the Environmental protection (The National Assembly of Vietnam 2014) as a set of 3 parameters relating to the environmental quality in surrounding areas, amount of contaminants that remain in wastes, technical and managerial requirements which are issued by a competent regulatory authority in the form of a written document that entities involved may choose to follow at their discretion to serve the purpose of environmental protection".
Scientific background Literature of Water quality assessment Water quality assessed based on the following indicators: * Physical indicators: - Temperature: Temperature affects both the chemical and biological characteristics of surface water. It affects dissolve oxygen level in the water, photosynthesis or the aquatic plants, metabolic rates of aquatic organisms, and the sensitivity of these organisms to pollution, parasites and disease (Centre for Educational Technologic, 2015). - pH: As one of the criteria to be checked for water quality and wastewater, pH value allows determine appropriate treatment method or adjust the amount of chemicals in wastewater treatment process using biological methods. The change in the pH value of water can lead to changes in the composition of the substance in water, or promote a prevent chemical and biological reactions happened the water (Advanced chemical in Systems, 2015).
- Color: The color of water created due to impurities in the water, such as organic matter, inorganic ions, some aquatic species, etc. and can greatly affect the value of sense when using water. (Song, 2013) - Turbidity: Turbidity of water is level of preventing light penetrate across the water. Many types of dissolve substances can cause the turbidity of the water from colloidal-particle-sized types to suspensions, sandy sediment particles and micro- 5 organisms.
It also contains many chemical components as inorganic, organic, etc. High level of turbidity indicates high level of water contamination. (USGS, 2014) - Solids concentration: Solids affect water quality for domestic use and production, hinder or consume more chemicals in the process. Solids in water is caused by inorganic substances in soluble or insoluble form as emulsified soil and organic matter, synthetic organic compounds such as micro-organisms, fertilizers and industrial wastes.
* Chemical indicators - Ammonia (N-NH4 +) Ammonia is contaminant to water. The presence of ammonia in surface anaerobic groundwater derived from the organic decomposition by microorganisms in conditions. That is a substance used in the disinfection stage of water; it is use as antibacterial chemicals to produce residual chlorine, which lengthen time of bactericidal effect when water flows in the pipeline. - Dissolved oxygen (DO) Dissolved oxygen in natural water and wastewater depends on physical chemical conditions and biological activities of the microorganisms.