BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: AUSTRALIA MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY OF HUU NGHI FOOD JOINT STOCK COMPANY STUDENT : BUI NGOC KIM OANH CLASS : K21KDQTA COURSE : 2018 - 2022 STUDENT ID : 21A4050337 INSTRUCTOR : Dr. NGUYEN THI THANH TAN Hanoi, May 2022 17014125814901000000 BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: AUSTRALIA MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY OF HUU NGHI FOOD JOINT STOCK COMPANY STUDENT : BUI NGOC KIM OANH CLASS : K21KDQTA COURSE : 2018 - 2022 STUDENT ID : 21A4050337 INSTRUCTOR : Dr. NGUYEN THI THANH TAN Hanoi, May 2022 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This graduation research would be impossible without the support of many people. To begin with, I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my instructor – Dr.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Tan, due to her detailed guidance and encouragement, which have contributed immensely to the evolution of the research. Despite her busy schedule, she spent time giving me valuable ideas to fulfill this project. Her knowledge, experience and suggestions have directed me to take the most suitable decisions to make this thesis reliable and focus on the most substantial elements. Secondly, my special thanks go to Huu Nghi Food Joint Stock Company’s Board of Directors and my colleagues in Export Business Department for their support during my internship and the collecting data.
They have supported me with valuable information and opinions that were very interesting and significant to answer my thesis purpose which gave me a good ground to build my research. Thirdly, I also take this opportunity to thank all my lecturers of International Business Faculty for assisting me over the last four years of studying at Banking Academy. Last but not least, I am grateful to my parents and friends, who helped and encouraged me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame. Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA i DECLARATION I declare that this graduation thesis is my own research, under the guidance of Dr.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Tan. The contents and results in this research are accurate and have never been published in any study works before. The references are properly cited as prescribed in the reference section. Hanoi, 23rd May 2022 Signature Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.v LIST OF TABLE & FIGURE .1 CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF MARKET ENTRY STRATEGY. Market entry strategy theories. Market entry modes.
Entry market strategy decision making process. Factors affecting the entry mode decision .20 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1 .22 CHAPTER 2: HUU NGHI FOOD'S INTERNATIONAL MARKET. General business activities. Past experience penetrating Asian markets and lessons drawn……………………….
Entry market strategy into Myanmar. Error! Bookmark not defined. Entry market strategy into China .31 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 .32 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HUU NGHI TO ENTER THE AUSTRALIAN MARKET. Australia PESTEL Analysis .33 Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA iii 3.
Strategic Options & Evaluation .50 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3 .53 Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HNF Huu Nghi Food SOE State Owned Enterprises UN United Nations CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods R&D Research & Development ISO International Organization for Standardization HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System FTA Free Trade Agreement AU Australia MT Modern Trade GT General Trade KA Key Account CVS Convenience Store EMC Export Management Company ETC Export Trading Company Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA v LIST OF TABLE & FIGURE Table 1: Entry modes categories .10 Table 2: HNF’s financial operation 2020-2021 .24 Figure 1: General Framework for Global Strategy (Hutt&Speh, 2010 p.8 Figure 2: Annual revenue and profit of HNF from 2018 to 2021 .23 Figure 3: Sales volume of HNF in Myanmar 2016-2021 .28 Figure 4: Number of the retail outlet of HNF in China .30 Figure 5: Sales revenue of HNF in China from 2017 to 2021 .31 Figure 6: Confectionery Revenue in Australia 2018-2021 .37 Figure 7: Confectionery avarage revenue per capita in Australia 2018-2021 .38 Figure 8: Revenue growth of confectionery market in Australia 2018-2021 .40 Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA vi INTRODUCTION As a result of economic globalization, today's market environment is getting increasingly complex; with foreign trade, financial transfers, and foreign direct investments, the economy is becoming increasingly interconnected. The combination of advances in communication and transportation technology with free-market ideology has resulted in unprecedented product and service mobility. Global companies are focusing on opening global markets to their goods these days, particularly in the emerging markets, in order to capitalize on these markets' prospects and become a part of their rapidly expanding infrastructure. The significance of the ruling on foreign market entry mode has been thoroughly established (Tallman and Shenkar, 1994).
The manner of entrance chosen has a significant impact on the level of control the corporations have over the endeavor (Root, 1994). Some entrance modalities, such as exporting and licensing, are associated with low levels of operational and marketing control, but they are also associated with reduced levels of risk. Other entrance modes, such as joint partnerships and complete ownership of facilities, offer more control but also more risk. To enter foreign markets, international companies must consider a number of factors while developing a strategic plan for reaching new consumers and distinguish their goods and services from domestic and international industry rivals within the chosen market.
In Vietnam, HNF has a strong brand in the production - commerce industry. In terms of market size (distributor, distribution region, product range, output scale, number of strong brands), it is one of Vietnam's three largest corporations.The Vietnamese confectionery industry's growth has been flat, and the domestic market share has been clearly divided, with Kinh Do leading the pack, followed by Huu Nghi, Pham Nguyen, and Hai Ha brands. The domestic market's limited expansion space necessitates the search for additional business spaces and growth prospects for those looking to expand. This is not only a difficulty for Huu Nghi, but also for other enterprises in the industry.
Australia is a new and prospective market due to Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA 1 its high average yearly growth rate. After success in other Asian countries, HNF’s foreign business segment is expanding slower. Therefore, reaching a new market is a way to keep the business growing. Australia is a new and potential market, which has Australia is a prospective market due to its high average yearly growth rate and the variety of consumers.
HNF's entry into the Australian market will pave the way for it to expand into other nations outside of Asia. As a result, it is vital to expand business into the Australian market, and in order to do so effectively, a suitable penetration plan is required. As a result, it is imperative to research this subject. This issue not only benefits HNF but also serves as a reference source for the Australian market strategy in particular and the foundation for developing foreign market penetration plans for confectionery firms in general.
Literature reviews Foreign market entry strategy is a familiar topic that has attracted significant scholarly attention. It's divided into three categories: level of control, resource commitment, and risk exposure (Anderson and Gatignon, 1986; Erramilli and Rao, 1993; Hill, Hwang and Kim, 1990). For example, Erramilli and Rao (1993) classify market entry strategy into two groups depending on their level of control—full- control (i. completely owned operation) and shared-control mode—in a study of service organizations' worldwide operations in the United States (i.
contractual transfer or joint venture). Kim and Hwang (1992) used a three-part classification system: licensing, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries. These strategies, according to Kim and Hwang, give three various levels of control and necessitate different amounts of resource commitment. According to Kwon and Konopa (1993), each foreign market entry strategy has benefits and drawbacks in terms of risk, cost, control, and return.
Their research looked at the effects of a number of factors on 228 U. manufacturing companies' decisions to outsource production and export. According to Agarwal and Ramaswami (1992), the most common entry strategies are exporting, licensing, joint venture, and sole venture. These methods necessitate Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA 2 varying degrees of resource commitment.
Terpstra and Sarathy (2000) classify market entry methods into three broad categories based on product location: indirect exporting, direct exporting, and foreign manufacturing. Because many factors influencing market entry strategy selection have been proposed in the literature, it is not possible to include all of them in a single study (Anderson and Coughlan, 1987). The conceptual framework for selecting a foreign market entry strategy used in this study is based on the findings of studies in the literature, primarily those in the eclectic framework. Dunning (1977, 1980, 1988) proposed the eclectic framework, which was later expanded by other researchers (e.
Hill, Hwang and Kim, 1990; Kim and Hwang, 1992). The eclectic approach has frequently been used to explain the decision between FDI and other market entry strategies (e. Agarwal and Ramaswami, 1992; Kim and Hwang, 1992). This study will concentrate on one of its three main components: location-specific factors.
It has been suggested that location and ownership endowments are the most likely factors influencing FDI or exporting strategy selection (Dunning, 1973, 1977). The influence of location factors on the choice of market entry strategy has been specifically or partially examined in a number of studies (e. Kwon and Konopa, 1993; Brouthers, Brouthers and Werner, 1996; Hill, Hwang and Kim, 1990; Kim and Hwang, 1992; Terpstra and Yu, 1988). Prior research has looked at a variety of subthemes to investigate the impact of host country geographical characteristics on market entry decisions.
Given that these topics have been thoroughly evaluated and published in various recent studies (Sarkar and Cavusgil, 1996; Tatoglu and Glaister, 1998), a comprehensive assessment of the literature may appear unnecessary. The findings of various relevant investigations are summarized in this study. The following is a quick discussion of each factor category in the conceptual framework. Section 3 provides a thorough examination of each factor.
According to previous research, a firm's choice of FDI approach is linked to its familiarity with the host market (Gatignon and Anderson, 1988; Sarkar and Cavusgil, 1996; Kim and Hwang, 1992). Firms with prior host market expertise are more likely to adopt an FDI option, according to research (Kim and Hwang, 1992). The immigrant effect has been frequently addressed in the general business literature, while not being Bui Ngoc Kim Oanh – K21KDQTA 3 included in the market entrance mode literature (e. Gould, 1994; LeverTracy et al.
According to these research, immigrants from the host market are more likely to operate as a link between the foreign enterprise and the host market. Immigrants frequently have extensive knowledge of their home country and are well-versed in the culture of the host market. Previous research has shown that the immigrant effect could be thought of as a firm's location endowment. This variable is proposed as a factor of location-specific endowment in the FDI literature in this study.
According to several research, target nation market variables influence market servicing approach selection. According to research, the size of the host country is a major draw for foreign direct investment (Agarwal and Ramaswami, 1992; Kwon and Konopa, 1993; Root, 1994; Terpstra and Yu, 1988). Finally, several studies have suggested that the service requirements of a product can also affect the choice of market entry strategy. It has been claimed that when a manufacturing firm's product need a higher level of before or after-sales service, it will make products in the host market or establish a local presence to ensure that suitable services are provided (Anderson and Coughlan, 1987; Ramaseshan and Patton, 1994).