edition third ‘What are the best investments for me?’ ‘Should I buy individual securities or managed funds?’ ‘What’s the market outlook in the next few years?’ gitman Joehnk fundamentals of smart Juchau ross wright ‘What about risk?’ ‘Do I need professional help with my investments and can I afford it?’ investing Mastering the language, concepts, vehicles and strategies of investing can be challenging. This third edition of Fundamentals of Investing introduces you to lawrence J gitman core concepts and tools used by Australian investors, providing you with a firm fundamentals of understanding of the fundamental principles of investments. Building on that michael D Joehnk foundation, we then show you how to make informed investment decisions and investing how to develop, implement and monitor a successful investment program. scott smart This book is designed to help you understand today’s investment risks and challenges and gives you the tools you need to shape a sound investment roger h Juchau strategy for both personal and professional use.
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ISBN 978-1-4425-3288-5 third edition 9 781442 532885 Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Gitman_Full_1.indd 1 4/5/11 3:54:04 PM Prelims 3e.qxd 4/5/11 2:17 PM Page i FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTING LAWRENCE J GITMAN / MICHAEL D JOEHNK / SCOTT SMART ROGER H JUCHAU / DONALD G ROSS / SUE WRIGHT THIRD EDITION Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.qxd 4/5/11 2:17 PM Page ii The Pearson Series in Finance Alexander/Sharpe/Bailey Finkler Fundamentals of Investments Financial Management for Public, Health and Bear/Moldonado-Bear Not-for-Profit Organizations Free Markets, Finance, Ethics and Law Francis/Ibbotson Bekaert/Hodrick Investments: A Global Perspective International Financial Management Frasca Berk/DeMarzo Personal Finance: An Integrated Planning Corporate Finance† Approach Berk/DeMarzo Fraser/Ormiston Corporate Finance: The Core† Understanding Financial Statements Berk/DeMarzo/Harford/Ford/Finch Frino Fundamentals of Corporate Finance* Introduction to Trade Execution Bierman/Smidt Frino/Chen/Hill The Capital Budgeting Decision: Economic Analysis Introduction to Corporate Finance* of Investment Projects Frino/Jarnecic Boakes Introduction to Futures & Options Markets in Reading and Understanding the Financial Times Australia Bodie/Merton/Cleeton Geisst Financial Economics Investment Banking in the Financial System Brooks Girardone, Casu & Milyneux Financial Management: Core Concepts† Introduction to Banking Click/Coval Gitman/Juchau/Flanagan The Theory and Practice of International Financial Principles of Managerial Finance* Management Guthrie/Lemon Copeland/Weston/Shastri Mathematics of Interest Rates and Finance Financial Theory and Corporate Policy Haugen Cox/Rubinstein The Inefficient Stock Market: What Pays Off Options Markets and Why Dietrich Haugen Financial Services and Financial Institutions: Value Modern Investment Theory Creation in Theory and Practice Haugen Dorfman The New Finance: Overreaction, Complexity and Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance Uniqueness Dufey/Giddy Holden Cases in International Finance Excel Modeling and Estimation in Corporate Finance Eiteman/Rath/Daly Multinational Business Finance Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in Investments Emery/Finnerty/Stowe Corporate Financial Management Holden Excel Modeling and Estimation in the Fabozzi Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Bond Markets: Analysis and Strategies Holden Fabozzi/Modigliani Excel Modeling and Estimation in the Capital Markets: Institutions and Instruments Fundamentals of Investments Fabozzi/Modigliani/Jones Hughes/MacDonald Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions International Banking: Text and Cases Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.qxd 4/5/11 2:17 PM Page iii Hull Psaros Options, Futures and Other Derivatives Australian Corporate Governance Hull Rejda Risk Management and Financial Institutions Principles of Risk Management and Insurance Hull/Treepongkaruna/Heaney/Pitt/Colwell Schoenebeck Fundamentals of Futures and Options Markets Interpreting and Analyzing Financial Statements Keown Scott/Martin/Petty/Keown/Thatcher Personal Finance: Turning Money into Wealth† Cases in Finance Kim/Nofsinger/Mohr Seiler Corporate Governance Performing Financial Studies: A Methodological Levy/Post Cookbook Investments Shapiro Madura Capital Budgeting and Investment Analysis Personal Finance† Sharpe/Alexander/Bailey Marthinsen Investments Risk Takers: Uses and Abuses of Financial Solnik/McLeavey Derivatives Global Investments May/May/Andrew Steiner Effective Writing: A Handbook for Finance People Mastering Financial Calculations McDonald Stretcher/Michael Derivatives Markets Cases in Financial Management McDonald Titman/Martin Fundamentals of Derivatives Markets Valuation: The Art and Science of Corporate Megginson Investment Decisions Corporate Finance Theory Trivoli Melvin Personal Portfolio Management: Fundamentals and International Money and Finance Strategies Mishkin/Eakins Valentine Financial Markets and Institutions Modern Financial and Investment Planning Moffett Valentine/Ford/O’Hara/Sundmacher Cases in International Finance Fundamentals of Financial Markets and Institutions in Australia Moffett/Stonehill/Eiteman Fundamentals of Multinational Finance Vaughn Financial Planning for the Entrepreneur Nofsinger Psychology of Investing Welch Corporate Finance: An Introduction† Ogden/Jen/O’Connor Advanced Corporate Finance Weston/Mulherin/Ahern Takeovers, Restructuring and Corporate Pennacchi Governance Theory of Asset Pricing Petty/Martin/Burrow/Nguyen Financial Management: Principles and Applications* * Denotes Australian titles. Log onto www.au/myfinancelab to learn more. † Denotes other titles.
Log onto www.com to learn more. Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.qxd 8/6/11 1:00 PM Page iv Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 Pearson Australia Unit 4, Level 3 14 Aquatic Drive Frenchs Forest NSW 2086 www.au Authorised adaptation from the United States edition entitled Fundamentals of Investing, 11th edition, ISBN 0131611704X by Gitman, Lawrence J.; Smart, Scott, published by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Copyright © 2008. Third adaptation edition published by Pearson Australia, Copyright © 2011 The Copyright Act 1968 of Australia allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of this book, whichever is the greater, to be copied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that that educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited, telephone: (02) 9394 7600, email: info@copyright.au All rights reserved.
Except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Senior Acquisitions Editor: Dr Karen Hutchings Proofreader: Carolyn Pike Senior Project Editor: Rebecca Pomponio Copyright and Pictures Editor: Emma Gaulton Development Editor: Katie Pittard Indexer: Michael John Ramsden Editorial Coordinator: Aida Reyes Cover design by Peta Nugent Production Coordinator: Barbara Honor Cover image by Maren Caruso Copy Editor: Julie Ganner Typeset by Midland Typesetters, Australia Printed in China 1 2 3 4 5 15 14 13 12 11 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Title: Fundamentals of investing / Lawrence J Gitman [et al.] Edition: 3rd ed.) ISBN: 9781442551657 (Vital source) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Investments--Textbooks. Authors/Contributors: Gitman, Lawrence J.678 Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright.
However, should any infringement have occurred, the publishers tender their apologies and invite copyright owners to contact them. Due to copyright restrictions, we may have been unable to include material from the print edition of the book in this digital edition, although every effort has been made to minimise instances of missing content. Pearson Australia is a division of Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.qxd 4/5/11 2:17 PM Page v Brief Contents Detailed Contents vi Preface xv PART ONE Preparing to Invest 1 1 The Investment Environment 2 2 Markets and Transactions 25 3 Investment Information and Securities Transactions 49 PART TWO Important Conceptual Tools 87 4 Return and Risk 88 4A The Time Value of Money 120 5 Modern Portfolio Concepts 133 PART THREE Investing in Shares 173 6 Shares 174 7 Analysing Shares 209 8 Share Valuation 248 9 Technical Analysis, Market Efficiency and Behavioural Finance 283 PART FOUR Investing in Fixed-Income Securities 319 10 Fixed-Income Securities 320 11 Bond Valuation 353 PART FIVE Portfolio Management 389 12 Managed Funds: Professionally Managed Portfolios 390 13 Managing Your Own Portfolio 426 PART SIX Derivative Securities 465 14 Options: Puts and Calls 466 15 Commodities and Financial Futures 497 Appendix A Financial Tables A-1 Index I-1 WEB CHAPTERS (at www.au/myfinancelab or www.au/9781442532885) 16 Investing in Preference Shares 17 Real Estate and Other Tangible Investments v Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.qxd 4/5/11 2:17 PM Page vi Contents Part One Preparing to Invest 1 CHAPTER 1 The Investment Environment 2 Opening Vignette 2 Investments and the Investment Process 3 Types of Investments 3 / The Structure of the Investment Process 5 Investment Vehicles 7 Short-Term Investments 7 / Ordinary Shares 8 / Fixed-Income Securities 9 / Managed Funds 9 / Hedge Funds 10 / Derivative Securities 10 / Other Popular Investments 11 Making Investment Plans 11 Steps in Investing 11 / Considering Personal Taxes 13 / Investing Over the Life Cycle 13 / Investments and the Business Cycle 14 Meeting Liquidity Needs: Investing in Short-Term Vehicles 15 The Role of Short-Term Investments 16 / Investment Suitability 17 Careers in Finance 17 Summary 20 / Discussion Questions 21 / Problems 22 / Case Problems 22 / Excel with Spreadsheets 24 / Website Information 24 CHAPTER 2 Markets and Transactions 25 Opening Vignette 25 Securities Markets 26 Types of Securities Markets 26 / Organised Securities Exchanges 28 / General Market Conditions: Bull or Bear 31 Globalisation of Securities Markets 32 Growing Importance of International Markets 32 / International Investment Performance 33 / Ways to Invest in Foreign Securities 33 / Risks of Investing Internationally 33 Trading Hours and Regulation of Securities Markets 35 Trading Hours of Securities Markets 35 / Regulation of Securities Markets 35 vi Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.qxd 4/5/11 2:17 PM Page vii CONTENTS vii Basic Types of Securities Transactions 36 Long Purchase 36 / Margin Trading 37 / Short Selling 41 Summary 43 / Discussion Questions 44 / Problems 44 / Case Problems 46 / Excel with Spreadsheets 48 / Website Information 48 CHAPTER 3 Investment Information and Securities Transactions 49 Opening Vignette 49 Online Investing 50 Getting Started in Online Investing 50 / Using the Internet Effectively 53 Types and Sources of Investment Information 55 Types of Information 57 / Sources of Information 57 / Avoiding Online Scams 60 Understanding Market Averages and Indices 62 Sharemarket Averages and Indices 62 / Bond Market Indicators 66 Making Securities Transactions 66 The Role of Stockbrokers 66 / Basic Types of Orders 70 Online Transactions 71 / Transaction Costs 74 / Investor Protection 74 Investment Advisers and Investment Clubs 76 Using an Investment Adviser 76 / Investment Clubs 77 Summary 78 / Discussion Questions 79 / Problems 80 / Case Problems 82 / Excel with Spreadsheets 84 / Website Information 85 Part Two Important Conceptual Tools 87 CHAPTER 4 Return and Risk 88 Opening Vignette 88 The Concept of Return 89 Components of Return 89 / Why Return Is Important 90 Level of Return 91 / Historical Returns 92 / Time Value of Money and Returns 93 Copyright © Pearson Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) 2011 - 9781442532885 - Gitman/Fundamentals of Investing 4e Prelims 3e.