lOMoARcPSD|22244702 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UEH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE INTENTION TO USE E-WALLETS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY Ho Chi Minh City, 2022 lOMoARcPSD|22244702 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UEH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE INTENTION TO USE E-WALLETS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY Specialization: COMMERCIAL BUSINESS Supervisor: Master HO XUAN HUONG Authors Student ID Email Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang 312010218 hangnguyen.vn Tran Ngoc Khanh Huyen 312010218 huyentran.vn Le Huynh Y Thuong 312010243 thuongle.vn Pham Tran Khanh Tra 312010221 trapham.vn Nguyen Thi Kim Phung 312010219 phungnguyen.vn Ho Chi Minh City, 2022 lOMoARcPSD|22244702 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the teachers of UEH University for creating conditions for us to study Marketing Research to gain knowledge as a prerequisite for future academic research. Especially, we would like to express our sincerest thanks to our teacher, Mr. Ho Xuan Huong, who wholeheartedly taught, supported and directly guided us during the course of our thesis. Contemporarily, we would like to express our deep gratitude to all the students who participated in our group's survey, so that we can apply the knowledge we have learned at school and complete the research well.
However, due to limited time and knowledge, as well as limited theoretical and practical experience, the research cannot avoid shortcomings. It is our pleasure to receive comments from you. Once again, we would like to express our deepest and most sincere thanks. lOMoARcPSD|22244702 ABSTRACT The factors that impact a consumer's attitude and intention to use mobile wallets are investigated in this study, which specifically focuses on university students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), this study explores the impact of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, Trust, Security, Facilitating Conditions, Lifestyle Compatibility, and Attitude on the Intention to use an e-wallet among university students in Ho Chi Minh City. For this study, the technology acceptance model (TAM) was selected to build the conceptual framework. A Google Form was used to conduct the citywide primary survey, which gathered data from 303 respondents. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the gathered data.
As a result, customer’s attitude and intention toward mobile wallets are influenced by characteristics such as perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), trust, security, facilitating conditions, and lifestyle compatibility. 7 of the 17 hypotheses submitted were approved. Usefulness and trust were strongly impacted by perceived ease of use, security and facilitating conditions. In addition, attitude and intention were significantly influenced by lifestyle compatibility and facilitating conditions.
The importance of security and trust in deciding trust has been discovered. Keywords: Ho Chi Minh City; intention to use; mobile wallet; e-wallet lOMoARcPSD|22244702 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ___________________________________________________________________ Abbreviation Full word ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ PEOU Perceived Ease Of Use PU Perceived Usefulness PS Perceived Security PT Perceived Trust FC Facilitating Conditions LC Lifestyle Compatibility E-wallet Electronic wallet E-banking Electronic banking M-wallet Mobile wallet M-banking Mobile banking PLS-SEM Partial Least Squares SEM ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ lOMoARcPSD|22244702 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 ABSTRACT 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF TABLES, CHARTS, FIGURES 8 CHAPTER 1.1 Reasons for choosing research thesis 9 1.5 Scope of research 12 1.7 Research outline 12 CHAPTER 2.1 Technology acceptance model (TAM) 14 2.2 Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) 14 2.2 Overview of relevant studies 16 2.3 Hypotheses development and research model 23 2.1 The relationship between PEOU and PU 23 2.3 The relationship between PEOU and Attitude 24 2.4 The relationship between PU and Trust 24 2.5 The relationship between PU and Intention 25 2.6 The relationship between PU and Attitude 25 2.7 The relationship between PS and Trust 25 2.8 The relationship between PS and Intention 26 2.9 The relationship between PS and Attitude 27 2.10 The relationship between FC and PU 27 2.11 The relationship between FC and Attitude 27 2.12 The relationship between FC and Intention 28 2.13 The relationship between Trust and Attitude 28 2.14 The relationship between Trust and Intention 29 2.15 The relationship between LC and Attitude 29 2.16 The relationship between LC and Intention 30 2.17 The relationship between Attitude and Intention 30 lOMoARcPSD|22244702 2.19 Research gap 31 CHAPTER 3.1 The pre-test stage 34 3.2 Data analysis methods 35 3.3 Measurement scales 36 CHAPTER 4. Assessment of measurement scales 41 4. Assessment of structural model 44 CHAPTER 5.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 50 5.4 Limitations and further research 54 APPENDIX 63 APPENDIX 1: LIST OF QUALITATIVE RESPONDENTS 63 APPENDIX 2: QUANTITATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE (Vietnamese Version) 64 APPENDIX 3: SMART PLS RESULTS 70 TABLE OF TASK COMPLETION 75 lOMoARcPSD|22244702 LIST OF TABLES, CHARTS, FIGURES Table 1. Relevant studies overview Table 2. Measurement scales Table 3. Profile of respondents Table 4.
Respondents’ degree of usage of mobile wallets Table 5. Scale accuracy analysis Table 6. Scale accuracy analysis: Discriminant validity assessment Table 7. Measurement model cross loadings Table 8.
Summary of structural model results Table 9. SSA structural model quality Table 10. VIF value 2 Table 11. Results of testing the magnitude of the effect (𝑓 ) in further analysis 2 Table 12.
Proposed research model Figure 2. Research process Figure 3. Path coefficients and their significance lOMoARcPSD|22244702 CHAPTER 1.1 Reasons for choosing research thesis In recent years, the industrial revolution 4.0 has had a significant impact on many sectors both economically and socially, boosting the development of e-commerce. According to the Vietnam E-commerce White Paper, in 2020, the growth rate of e-commerce (e-commerce) reached 18% with the scale of 11.8 billion USD, making Vietnam the only country in Southeast Asia with double-digit e-commerce growth.
The growth of e-commerce in Vietnam over the years has posed a requirement for a modern and diversified technology-based online payment system to assist businesses and consumers in taking full advantage of the benefits of this new business method - e-wallet. Currently, e-wallets are no longer a strange concept for everyone. Besides payment methods such as bank cards, Internet banking, mobile payments, … e-wallets are gradually becoming an indispensable tool for consumers. According to Pachpande and Kamble (2018), an e-wallet is a form of electronic card that can be used to make online transactions through a smartphone or a computer.
The emergence of e-wallets has made a huge impact on financial services (Bansal 2020). E-wallets can be used to make cash payments without the use of cash or cash equivalents. E-wallets replace cash and physical wallets in digital form, besides it also stores personal information as a payment card on a mobile device. According to data from the Vietnam Internet Center, as of 2021, Vietnam has 68.72 million Internet users, accounting for 70.3% of the population, and the mobile coverage rate is 98%, which are favorable conditions for the development of e-wallets.
As of the end of the first quarter of 2020, Vietnam had 13 million activated and used e-wallet accounts, and up to 225 million transactions were made (The State Bank of Vietnam, 2020). According to State Bank statistics, 37 e-wallets from banks and fintech companies have been approved to operate on the market so far. In which three e-wallets, Momo, Moca, and ZaloPay, account for 90% of the total e-wallet payment market share. This demonstrates that the introduction of e-wallets contributes to limiting cash transactions, and is a convenient payment method, suitable for the demand of Vietnamese consumers, especially college students.
Specifically, in Ho Chi Minh City with more than 1.76 million college students - according to author Le Van (2017), there is a great demand for utilizing e-wallets to pay for daily activities such as buying bus tickets, ordering food, paying at supermarkets, paying for electricity, water, petrol. Therefore, the study of factors lOMoARcPSD|22244702 affecting the intention to use e-wallets of college students in Ho Chi Minh City is essential for financial technology businesses as well as online retailers. Currently, in the world, there are quite a few research papers on the same issue as the one we are working on. For example, “An Investigation of Factors Influencing Intention to Use Mobile Wallets of Mobile Financial Services Providers in Myanmar” by Phyo Min Tun (2020), or “Determinants of the Use of E-Wallet for Transaction Payment among College Students” by author Alwan Sri Kustono 1*, Ardhya Yudistira Adi Nanggala 2, Imam Mas'ud (2020),.
However, in Vietnam with the context in Ho Chi Minh City - one of the major cities in the field of financial technology, there are few in-depth studies exploring the factors that influence college students' intention to use e-wallets. For that reason, we have chosen the topic "Factors affecting the intention to use e-wallets of college students in Ho Chi Minh City". The study aims to provide more basis and administrative implications for businesses to better understand user behavior, thereby offering strategies to improve user intent for financial technology companies in the context of the current booming e-wallet market.2 Research objectives The research objective of this research is to find out the factors affecting the intention to use e-wallets of students in Ho Chi Minh City. Specifically, this study examines the influence of factors Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Trust, Security, Convenience, Compatibility in lifestyle and Attitude affects the intention to use E-wallet of students in Ho Chi Minh City.
The aim of this research is four-fold: - Building a research model, testing a scale to measure factors affecting the intention to use e-wallets of students in Ho Chi Minh City. - Determining the direction of the impact of factors on the intention to use e-wallet of students in HCMC - Determine the importance of factors to the intention to use the e-wallet of students in Ho Chi Minh City. - Provide practical suggestions for executives in planning solutions to attract customers to use e-wallets. From the above objectives, the research focuses on researching and answering the following questions: - Research question 1: What factors affect students' intention to use e-wallets.
lOMoARcPSD|22244702 - Research question 2: What is the impact of the factors on the intention to use the student's e-wallet? 1.3 Research subject The object that we study in this project is the impact of different factors on the intention to use e-wallets of students in Ho Chi Minh City.4 Research methods The research topic is carried out through quantitative research methods. The first stage of quantitative research is the pre-test. It was conducted through experimental questionnaires with ten respondents in order to detect and edit observed variables for the scales of concepts contained in the team's research model. In discussions with the respondents, the team explained to the candidates the scales in the study model of the definition and each observed variable of each scale.
The test results showed that the majority of respondents agreed with the observed variables of the factors that influenced the intention to use the e-wallet. In addition, some candidates offered opinions to edit the statements so that they were more compact, concise and easy to understand. In the second stage, quantitative research is carried out by sending questionnaire links to survey subjects in a convenience sampling method. Specifically, the group sent survey questionnaires about “Intention to use mobile wallets” to many students from universities in Ho Chi Minh City.
The questionnaire was built on a 7-point Likert scale, from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree. There were 303 respondents in the survey and 17 hypotheses were proposed. After obtaining the valid slips, the team used SmartPLS 3.3 software to process the data, analyze and evaluate the scale, test the theoretical basis and research hypothesis.5 Scope of research The scope of study focused on university students in Ho Chi Minh City, mainly from 18-22 years old.6 Limitations In this survey, students in Ho Chi Minh City are asked about their awareness of e-wallets and their intentions to utilize them. Students from several universities in Ho Chi Minh City were selected as a representative sample.