--- RESEARCH PROJECT (BMBR5103) WHAT FACTORS IMPACT ON THE CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION VIA THE QUALITY OF SERVICE AT BIDV? STUDENT’S FULL NAME : NGUYEN HUU HAI STUDENT ID : CGS00019870 INTAKE : SEPTEMBER, 2015 ADVISOR’S NAME & TITLE : Dr. BUI PHI HUNG (DBA) Ho Chi Minh City, December 2016 --- 1 Abstract Like any bank in the world, the customers’ satisfaction in banking service is very good for Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (“BIDV”) to make profits. But, it is difficult to measure the BIDV’s satisfaction of customers in banking service due to the invisibility of banking service. This study focuses on analyzing the factors affecting the satisfaction of incorporate customers through the use of bank services.
The data supported to measure and analyze in the study are obtained by surveying 250 customers who doing business at BIDV. We used the questionnaire was developed based on SERVQUAL tool indicating five components of service quality in the survey. The analytical methods used in this study are the methods of exploratory factor analysis and the verification of Cronbach coefficients for building and testing scales. In addition, multiple regression models are used to assess the specific impact of these factors on the level of customer satisfaction.
The results of this study have showed that the Reliability level, Responsiveness, level of Empathy, Tangibles could impacts significantly on the overall satisfaction of customers. --- 2 TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1: GENERAL OVERVIEW. The overview of Vietnam banking industry in two recent years. The overview of BIDV.
Timescale and research ethics. 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Commercial bank overview. Service quality overview.
Customer satisfaction overview. The connection between service quality and customer satisfaction. 19 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. 28 CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS.
Data collection and analysis. Testing scale with Cronbach Alpha reliable coefficient. The consistency coefficient Cronbach Alpha – Independent variables in the model. The consistency coefficient Cronbach Alpha – Dependent variables in the model:.
Exploratory factor analysis:. EFA - the independent variables in the model. EFA - the dependent variable in the model. Multiple regression analysis.
Multiple regression model. Testing the hypothesis. 44 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Recommendations related to sympathy.
Improve transaction process. Regulation of upgrading customers’ information. Facilitate customers to comment. Allow customers to choose the service staff.
Advance qualifications and soft skills training for employees. Thoughtful customer care programs. Recommendations related to customers’ reliability. Improve services’ quality.
Improve the resolution of customer complaints. Confidentiality of customer information. Recommendations related to enhancing tangibles. 54 --- 4 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.
The overview of Vietnam banking industry in two recent years Vietnam, like other Asian countries, is in the slow stages of growth. Except Manufacturing and Agriculture sectors, other sectors are negatively affected by slow growth and banking sector is not an exception. With low credit growth and high non-performing loan ratio, obviously Vietnam banks are struggling to operate in an environment full with difficulties and challenges. However, the picture is not entirely gloomy, as many positive signs have appeared ahead.
The banking industry is constantly attracting more and more strategic attentions from the largest banks in the region and around the world to penetrating to the Vietnam's market as the economic prospects are considered more positively than the previous year. (KPMG, 2015) The credit growth of the banking system in 2014 was recorded at 8.91% (Vu, 2015) and this was reflected in the proportion of loans and advances for customers increasing from fifty-three percent to fifty-seven percent of total assets. As comparing the asset component of Vietnam's banks with those of other countries in the region, several remarkable issues can be observed as follows: Table 1: Asset Components of Banks in Asia-Pacific region Australia China Singapore Thailand Vietnam Loans and advances to 75% 50% 61% 64% 57% customers Deposits and loans to 2% 3% 10% 8% 14% other credit institutions Investment securities 6% 19% 11% 15% 14% Other assets 17% 28% 18% 13% 15% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: KPMG (2015) --- 5 Based on the above table, except China has a lower rate due to large balance of Chinese banks at the central bank able to influences on the lending capacity, the percentage of loans and advances to customers in Vietnam is among the lowest in the Asia Pacific region. On the other hand, the inter-bank market of Vietnam is the most vibrant market in the region, despite a significant decrease compared with the last year.
On the liabilities, the most notable issue of Vietnam's Banks in 2014 was the growth of customers' deposits. The issue of currency liquidity experienced in Vietnam's banks in late 2013 has been resolved thanks to the high interest rates of VND, and it also helped control inflation which was above twenty percent during that time. Investors could not ignore the interest rates up to forty percent of VND and have transferred from USD to VND and this has solved in short term the problem of liquidity (Pham et al. Concurrently, it also helps to stabilize the VND/USD exchange rate because the increase of demand for VND is lower than the demand for USD.
With the interest rates of USD at two percent or lower, a large amount of savings of families have been transferred to VND. As expected, the liabilities on the inter-bank market fell from nineteen percent in late 2013 to fifteen percent in late 2014. The rate of issuing valuable papers also decreased from seven percent to five percent of the total liabilities. This reflects the difficulties of the economy as well as the banking industry as most of valuable papers issued by the banks are often sold to other banks.
Table 2: Asset Components of Banks in Asia-Pacific region Australia China Singapore Thailand Vietnam Deposits of customers 65% 83% 78% 85% 70% Deposits and loans from 3% 9% 11% 6% 15% other credit institutions. Other liabilities 32% 8% 11% 9% 15% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: KPMG (2015) --- 6 Compared with other countries in Asia Pacific region, the Asian investors have seemed relatively focusing on the deposited money in the banks and considering it as an investment option. The Australian banks traditionally tend to borrow from abroad to compensate for the shortfall between the the deposit and lending amounts and have great deals of properties in derivative products and in other loans. According to KPMG (2015), the profit of the banking industry in 2014 was generally decreased, except for a few exclusions.
After-tax profit of the banking sector has fallen of twenty-three percent to thirty-one trillion VND compared with that in 2013. Profits dropped significantly mainly due to the increases of credit risk and operational costs and the reduction of net incomes. Due to the difficult economic situation in 2013-2014, the businesses continued to face difficulties in 2014. Enterprises already in trouble in 2013 continued to experience more difficulties in 2014, while the effectively operated companies in 2013 also faced many challenges in 2014.
Therefore, the banks must create more provisions as the quality of loan portfolios has reduced. In addition, while most businesses have tried not to borrow and only maintained the operations, the banks are more reluctant to lend due to increased non-performing loan ratio (Nguyen, 2015). Average ROA and ROE of the domestic banking system in 2014 has decreased compared with 2013. ROA fell more than twenty-seven percent in 2013 compared with that in 2014 and ROE also decreased nearly thirty-three percent.
Marginal profit rate has slightly increased in the whole industry. Although it is a good index to determine the performance, the marginal profit rate could not fully reflect the profitability of the banking sector. As a bank's profitability can be affected by the separate model of itself, which are its specific activities, customer compositions and fund raising strategies. No two banks are identical, especially in Vietnam's banking system.
At one end, the highest marginal profit rates are usually observed at the bank with traditional fund raising and lending models. At the other end, a number of state banks can still operate efficiently at lower marginal profit rates because of their large-scale operations (KPMG, 2015). Marginal profit rate does not include the service charge as well as other non-interest incomes and operating expenses, such as personnel and asset costs or credit risk costs, thus could not reflect the overall profitability of the entire banking industry. --- 7 The non-interest net income is accounted for fourteen percent of the total operating incomes.
Compared with other Asia Pacific countries, Vietnam has a quite low proportion of net non-interest incomes. One of the main reasons is due to the retail segment in Vietnam is estimated only about fifteen percent. In developed countries, banking segment has been developing more professionally. For example, in Australia, the banks are actively monitoring rates of "Customers with four Products" and even "Customers with eight products".
The income form retail accounts is one of the main sources of service revenues such as mortgaged home Loans, Credit cards and daily Accounts, but these products are not popular in Vietnam compared with other countries. Moreover, the domestic stock market has experienced lots of difficulties in 2014 and the VND/USD exchange rate has been strictly managed and limited as well as other foreign exchange transactions (Doan, 2015) Despite the lower rates compared with other countries in the region, the non-interest net income in 2014 of Vietnam has increased by seven percent compared with that in 2013 and KPMG (2015) has stated that the non-interest net income will continue to rise in 2015. Operating expenses generally increased in 2014 even though the banks had intended to cut costs. Compared with the banking operations of other Asia Pacific countries, Vietnam has the highest ratio between the operating expense and income, and therefore, the banks need to seek for more methods to cut off these costs.
Table 3: Ratio between the operating expense and income Australia China Singapore Thailand Vietnam Operating 42% 40% 38% 44% 49% expense Source:KPMG (2015) Salary expense and other costs related to the staff have accounted for over fifty percent of total operating expense, so it is the largest component of the operating cost. This is --- 8 contrary to the global trend, whereby the percentage of personnel costs in operating expense falls below forty percent. Total banking staff is constantly increasing. Retail customers always require banks to provide more products, better service quality with more promotions and incentives.
Moreover, as the economic situation is recovering gradually, incorporate customers are beginning to borrow to expand their operations. Therefore, the local banks are under pressure to expand the operating scope and improve their customer services. In addition, foreign banks are also gaining more market shares in the banking and financial markets which are inherently competitive. The domestic banks have to find a way to increase market shares as quickly as possible by increasing the number of branches and transaction offices, thus leading to the increase of the number of employees.
In brief, although there are still inadequacies, but with clear policies and drastic measures, in the period of 2013-2015, the State Bank has made significant efforts in governing monetary policy and innovation, restructuring the banking system in an appropriate manner, which has been highly appreciated nationally and internationally. The inflation rate had decreased significantly from twenty-three percent in August 2013 to 6.9% in June 2014, and the inflation rate of the first nine months of 2015 increased by only 4.63% compared with the end of 2014. In August 2013, the interest rates went up to 20-25% per year, the State Bank set up the schedule for gradually reducing operating and deposit interests of crefit organizations, which is consistent with the reduction trend of inflation to ensure the principle of positive real interest rates.