THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF BANKING BUI NGUYEN THIEN PHUC FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE - BANKING CODE: 7340201 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF BANKING STUDENT: BUI NGUYEN THIEN PHUC ID: 030805170130 CLASS: HQ5 – GE02 FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE - BANKING CODE: 7340201 SUPERVISOR NGUYEN THI MY HANH, PHD HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 ABSTRACT When it comes to the Covid-19 pandemic, it makes people think of many negative stories. However, somewhere, the Covid-19 pandemic has brought positive changes for many people in terms of personal financial management behavior. This study provides empirical evidence that the Covid-19 pandemic and many other factors such as financial attitudes, financial well-being, and financial socialization have an impact on personal financial management behavior. However, the study also had another surprising result that financial knowledge did not affect personal financial management behavior.
Because of this research result, the research team suggest that there should be a change in financial education in schools. Key words: Personal financial management behavior, financial knowledge, financial attitude, financial well-being, financial socialization, Covid-19. i TÓM TẮT Khi nhắc tới đại dịch Covid-19, nó khiến nhiều người nghĩ tới nhiều câu chuyện tiêu cực. Tuy nhiên, ở một khía cạnh khác, đại dịch Covid-19 vẫn mang lại những thay đổi tích cực cho nhiều người về hành vi quản lý tài chính cá nhân.
Bài nghiên cứu này cung cấp bằng chứng thực nghiệm cho thấy đại dịch Covid-19 cùng nhiều yếu tố khác như thái độ tài chính, hạnh phúc tài chính, xã hội hoá tài chính có tác động tới hành vi quản lý tài chính cá nhân. Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu cũng có một kết quả bất ngờ khác là kiến thức tài chính không ảnh hưởng tới hành vi quản lý tài chính cá nhân. Chính kết quả nghiên cứu này khiến tác giả đề xuất về việc cần có sự thay đổi trong giáo dục tài chính ở các trường học tại Việt Nam. Từ khóa: Hành vi quản lý tài chính cá nhân, kiến thức tài chính, thái độ tài chính, hạnh phúc tài chính, xã hội hóa tài chính, Covid-19.
ii AUTHOR’S DECLARATION Fullname: Bùi Nguyên Thiên Phúc Student class: HQ5 - GE02, faculty of Banking and Finance, Ho Chi Minh University of Banking. Student code: 030805170130 I declare that this thesis entitled: ―Factors affecting personal financial management behavior: Evidence from Vietnam‖, is entirely original with no prior publication. The information presented on this subject is accurate and original. The data in the tables that are used for analysis, commentary, and review is gathered from many sources listed in the reference section.
I assume completely responsibility for the information in my dissertation if any fraud is discovered. Ho Chi Minh City, November 2022 Bùi Nguyên Thiên Phúc iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I want to start by expressing my gratitude to my suppervisor, PhD. Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Hạnh. Thank you for always supporting me whenever I need your help and for all the knowledge and sharing you have taught me during my university journey.
Additionally, I would like to express my profound gratitude to the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking professors, who use their expertise and enthusiasm to teach us priceless information. Given the short amount of time available for the execution of the course, as well as the limited expertise and knowledge, there will unavoidably be flaws. I would appreciate any insightful feedback from teachers. Last but not least, I would like to send my best wishes to the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking's lecturers for continued good health and perseverance in carrying out their grand goal of educating future generations.
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES. vii LIST OF TABLES. Rationale of the study. Scope of the study.
Contribution of the study. Structure of the study .4 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 1. Personal financial management behavior. Factors affecting personal financial management behavior .16 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 2.
RESEARCH METHODS AND DATA. Research model and research hypotheses. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).
OLS linear regression model .24 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Checking the reliability of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis .48 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 4.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Limitations and further research directions .58 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 5 .60 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Covid-19 managing finances. The four factors of financial well-being.
What influences financial well-being. The scatter plot shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Age groups of survey participants. Marital status of survey participants.
Histogram of residual values. Normal P-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual .54 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 4. Residence of survey participants residence. Education level of surveyor's father.
Education level of surveyor's mother. Item – Total Statistics – B (I). Item – Total Statistics – B (II). Item – Total Statistics – C (I).
Item – Total Statistics – C (II). Item – Total Statistics – D (I). Item – Total Statistics – D (II). Item – Total Statistics - E.
Item – Total Statistics – F (I). Item – Total Statistics – F (II). Item – Total Statistics - G. Checking the reliability of the scale by Cronbach's Alpha.
KMO and Bartlett test results (I). Total Variance Explained (I). Results of rotated component matrix (I). KMO and Bartlett test results (II).
Total Variance Explained (II). Results of rotated component matrix (II). Names of factors after EFA analysis. KMO and Bartlett test results.
Total Variance Explained. Rationale of the study The Covid-19 pandemic that has temporarily subsided in Vietnam today is an opportunity for everyone to look back at the time when life was completely turned upside down under the tremendous impact of the virus strain named Corona. Especially in the field of finance, if financial management has been a vital element in people's daily lives for many years, the Covid-19 pandemic has once again been a reminder of importance of financial management behavior. In the days of social distancing, we could easily see the image of a family falling into a state of financial exhaustion and helplessness when faced with an emergency situation, while they usually were the ones with low income and a certain amount of assets.
Many people also face job losses, salary cuts when they don't have any financial management plan or backup and savings in advance. According to a Pureprofile survey of 538 people conducted in April 2020, when the Covid-19 was exploding in the US, up to 45% of respondents said that because of the pandemic, they had lost all or part of their income and nearly 60% were forced to cut their day-by-day spending. This proves that most people have not planned for future financial risks. The world seems to wake up after the Covid-19 and only since the outbreak of this pandemic has people become more conscious about creating savings plans as well as making changes in their awareness and behavior towards daily financial problems.
That is also the reason why the finances of many individuals and families have fallen into disrepair when implementing the government's social distancing requirements. Covid-19 managing finances (Source: Pureprofile (2020) All of this happens because many people's personal financial management practices are not good. Meanwhile, another group of people achieved certain results in terms of financial management even during the difficult epidemic period. Specifically, they can still afford to spend during the time of social distancing, even though they were just average-income individuals when the Covid epidemic had not yet occurred.
2 So far, although there have been many studies on the factors affecting the personal financial management behavior, there is still no research showing the extent of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic as soon as the pandemic has subsided as one of the main factors that directly affects the perception and changes of personal financial management behavior. Meanwhile, updating the factors affecting financial management behavior to suit the constant changes of society is extremely urgent and important for economists and educators having appropriate policies and orientations for the stability of the financial life of each individual, leading to the financial stability of a country. With those issues, I would like to choose the topic "Factors affecting personal financial management behavior: Evidence from Vietnam" to research for my graduation thesis at Ho Chi Minh City University of Banking. Research objectives The main research objective of the thesis is to determine factors affecting personal financial management behavior in Vietnam.
Also, the thesis aims to estimate the level of impact of these factors on personal financial management behavior. Finally, the author will suggest some solutions to improve Vietnamese people’s personal financial management behavior. Research questions Through the objectives, the research question is posed as follows: Research question 1: Which factors affect personal financial management behavior? Research question 2: To what extent do these factors affect personal finanacial management behavior? 1. Scope of the study Research subjects: People living and working in Ho Chi Minh City Spatial scope: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Time range: Personal financial management behavioral metrics surveyed for the first 3 months of 2022.
Contribution of the study Provide empirical evidence that the Covid-19 pandemic and many other factors such as financial knowledge, financial attitude, financial well-being, and financial socialization have an impact on personal financial management behavior. The results of the study also show that financial knowledge does not affect personal financial management behavior. It is this result that leads to the proposal of the need for a change in financial education in schools. Research method Use Descriptive Statistics to analyze data, present data into summary data tables, describe the basic characteristics of data collected from empirical research.
The next step is to test the reliability of the data using Cronbach's Alpha and use EFA to determine the components of each factor. Then use Pearson correlation to test the close linear correlation between the dependent variable and the independent variables and finally evaluate the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable by OLS multiple linear regression model. Structure of the study Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature review Chapter 3: Research methods and data Chapter 4: Research results and discussion Chapter 5: Conclusions and recommendations 4 CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 1 In this chapter, the author discussed the changes in people's financial management behavior, especially during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, and also emphasized the urgent need for research into the factors affecting personal financial management behavior. The task is to determine the factors influencing the behavior of personal financial management and assess their influence following the Covid-19 epidemic, according to the topic's selection rationale, the research purpose, and the research question.
The chosen research methodology is quantitative analysis, and the study's data comes from a survey on how people handle their personal finances that was carried out in the first three months of 2022. In addition, the author also raised expectations regarding the topic's theoretical and practical research relevance. Last but not least, the overall design and substance of each chapter in the study subject are also made evident. Personal financial management behavior According to Hilgert et al.
(2003), a person's financial behavior will consider the extent to which a person manages cash, debt, saves and spends. Meanwhile, Horne et al. (2002) argue that financial management behavior is the identification, acquisition, allocation and use of financial resources.