Human-Computer Interaction Series Series Editors John Karat IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 30 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, NY 10532, U. E-mail: jkarat@us.com Jean Vanderdonckt Université catholique de Louvain, Place des Doyens, 1, (office a112), 1348 Louvain- La-Neuve, Belgium E-mail: vanderdonckt@isys.be Series Editorial Board Gaëlle Calvary, LIG-University of Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France John Carroll, School of Information Sciences & Technology, Penn State University, U. Gilbert Cockton, Northumbria University, Newcastle, U.
Larry Constantine, University of Madeira, Portugal, and Constantine & Lockwood Ltd, Massachusetts, U. Steven Feiner, Columbia University, New York, U. Peter Forbrig, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany Elizabeth Furtado, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil Hans Gellersen, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U. Robert Jacob, Tufts University, Oregon, U.
Hilary Johnson, University of Bath, Bath, U. Kumiyo Nakakoji, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Philippe Palanque, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Oscar Pastor, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Fabio Pianesi, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Trento, Italy Costin Pribeanu, National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics, Bucharest, Romania Gerd Szwillus, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria Gerrit van der Veer, University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands Shumin Zhai, IBM Almaden Research Center, California, U. Thomas Ziegert, SAP Research CEC Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany Human-computer interaction is a multidisciplinary field focused on human aspects of the development of computer technology. As computer-based technology becomes increasingly pervasive – not just in developed countries, but worldwide – the need to take a human- centered approach in the design and development of this technology becomes ever more important.
For roughly 30 years now, researchers and practitioners in computational and be- havioral sciences have worked to identify theory and practice that influences the direction of these technologies, and this diverse work makes up the field of human-computer interaction. Broadly speaking it includes the study of what technology might be able to do for people and how people might interact with the technology. In this series we present work which advances the science and technology of developing systems which are both effective and satisfying for people in a wide variety of contexts. The Human-Computer Interaction series will focus on theoretical perspectives (such as formal approaches drawn from a variety of behavioral sciences), practical approaches (such as the techniques for effectively integrating user needs in system development), and social issues (such as the determinants of utility, usability and acceptability).
For further volumes: www.com/series/6033 Wolfgang Aigner r Silvia Miksch r Heidrun Schumann r Christian Tominski Visualization of Time-Oriented Data Wolfgang Aigner Heidrun Schumann Vienna University of Technology University of Rostock Vienna Rostock Austria Germany Silvia Miksch Christian Tominski Vienna University of Technology University of Rostock Vienna Rostock Austria Germany ISSN 1571-5035 ISBN 978-0-85729-078-6 e-ISBN 978-0-85729-079-3 DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-079-3 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011929628 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as per- mitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publish- ers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
Cover design: VTeX UAB, Lithuania Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.com) To our families. Foreword Time is central to life. We are aware of time slipping away, being used well or poorly, or of having a great time.