HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT DESIGN AND SIMULATION THE ELECTRIC BUS HOANG VAN BONG Student ID: 19145137 HUYNH THANH DAT Student ID: 19145171 Major: AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING Advisor: HUỲNH QUỐC VIỆT, MS. Ho Chi Minh City, July 3, 2023 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -------- Ho Chi Minh City, July 3, 2023 GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT Student name: Hoang Van Bong Student ID: 19145137 Student name: Huynh Thanh Dat Student ID: 19145171 Major: Automotive Engineering Class: 19145CLA Advisor: M.S Huynh Quoc Viet Date of assignment: 13/02/2023 Date of submission: 03/07/2023 1. Project title: DESIGN AND SIMULATION THE ELECTRIC BUS 2. Initial materials provided by the advisor: − ADVISOR − 5SORT-2004-ENG − Bao-cao-esp-va-advisor − Modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles 3rd-ed 3.
Content of the project: 4. Final product: − Model Simulation Electric Bus on ADVISOR CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM ADVISOR (Sign with full name) (Sign with full name) THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -------- EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER Student name: Hoang Van Bong Student ID: 19145137 Student name: Huynh Thanh Dat Student ID: 19145171 Major: Automotive Engineering Project title: DESIGN AND SIMULATION THE ELECTRIC BUS Name of Defense Committee Member:. Content and workload of the project .) Ho Chi Minh City, July 3, 2023 COMMITTEE MEMBER (Sign with full name) Disclaimer I hereby declare that: The Graduation Project "DESIGN AND SIMULATION THE ELECTRIC BUS" is conducted publicly, based on my huge efforts and asist from the University of Technology and Education of Ho Chi Minh City, under the enthusiastic scientific guidance of MS. Huynh Quoc Viet.
The data and study results in the topic are accurate and do not copy or utilize the findings of any other research effort. If a copy of the study results from another topic is found, I shall accept full responsibility. i Acknowledgements The first word she knew that the support of my family was the inspiration and strength for her to complete her graduation project. She hopes that I will be able to continue to uphold the faith and support of my family in the future and make my family proud of what she has achieved.
I would also like to thank the teachers and students of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education for teaching me a lot of valuable knowledge and guiding me through many things during my studies. Thanks to these, it helped me to complete the thesis well. In particular, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Huynh Quoc Viet - Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education for directly guiding, helping and creating many conditions for me in the process.
His knowledge and experience not only helped me to complete the topic well, but also set an example for me to study and follow in the future. Once again, I would like to thank the teachers, and wish them always happy and good health to lead the next generations to a better day. ii Table of Contents Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION. Reasons for choosing the topic.
Research situation in Abroad and Vietnam. Research situation in Abroad. Research situation in Vietnam. Aim of Research.
Range of Research. Arrange of Research. 4 Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY. Overview of Electric Bus.
Global Electric Vehicle Status. ASEAN electric vehicle status. Electric Vehicle in Vietnam. The Characteristic of Electric Bus.
Vehicle Load Forces and Dynamics Equation. Basic Power, Energy, and Speed Relationships. The Rolling Resistance. Power Train Traction Effort and Vehicle Speed.
The maximum speed of a vehicle. Driving cycle for Vehicle. Driving cycle design for testing Electric Bus. Practical cycle construction.
EV Charging Method. Battery Swap Station (BSS). Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). EV Charging Configuration for Electric Bus .20 Chapter 3: DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF ELECTRIC BUS.
Chossing Auxiliaries Component. Motor Parameter Calculation. Determination of peak power and rated power of motor. Determination of peak speed and rated speed.
Determination of peak torque and rated torque. Choosing an Electric Motor. Battery pack sizing. Calculation of Power Battery Parameters.
Identify a Bus route. Choosing Type of Battery. Proposed E-Bus Charging Design and Sizing .36 Chapter 4: SIMULATION AND RESULT. Overall about ADVISOR software.
Advantages of ADVISOR in simulating on vehicles. Configuration parameter on ADVISOR. How to set up the parameters. Load and save vehicle configuration.
Viewing component information. Establish the parameters of the Electric Bus model. Set up the drivetrain system. Establish the driving cycles.
Testing vehicle performance. Electric Bus Model. Suggestion for Future Work .66 v List of Figures Figure 2.1 Forces acting on a vehicle moving uphill.3 Tractive effort and torque on a drive wheel.4 Structure of the cycles.8 EV Charging Methods.9 Illustration of inductive charging for buses.10 EV charging configuration for off-board.11 EV charging configuration for on-board.1 The parameter of Vinbus.3 A bus route model of circular bus line.4 HAYOEN LFP battery cell 3.2V home batterie solaire lithium 280AH.1 Structure of ADVISOR.2 Vehicle component signal variables.3 View vehicle information.4 Custom load file.5 The code of Electric_Bus.6 Select the powertrain system.9 The window displays the parameter of the motor (1).10 The window displays the parameter of the motor (2).11 Continue or Back.12 Simulation configuration setting interface.13 Edit driving cycles.14 CYC_SKELETON driving cycle.18 Parameter running on the bench.19 Available torque out of the motor.20 Current output of the battery.21 Force achieved by the vehicle.22 The actual power loss for the energy storage system.23 Available power in the motor.24 Average temperature of the battery module.25 Average temperature of motor and controller.26 Power lost by the motor/controller.27 State of charge history. 64 vii List of Tables Table 2.1 Incline angles and grade.2 Summary of reviews on charging methods.3 IEC and SAE standards: Current and voltage level for AC and DC charging.1 Vehicle Parameters of pure Electric Bus.2 Power Performance Requirements for pure Electric Vehicle.3 Coefficients of Vinbus Electric Vehicle.4 Power dissipation of the connecting loads continue on the car.5 Power dissipation of cockroach loads section on the car.6 Working load in a short time.7 Specifications of APEV80-12(16) Motor.8 AEV100-D540D540200L2 motor controller Specification.9 Information of routes.10 Specification of Electric Battery.11 The energy result.1 Input information of a vehicle.2 Characteristics of the cycle of public transport.
54 viii Abstract With the rapid development of the current electric car industry, this will be a promising solution that will bring positive changes to the current state of environmental pollution. Simultaneously with that rapid change, public transport such as traditional buses are also starting a shift from traditional internal combustion engines to electric motors. For example, developed countries like China and western countries, most of their public transport systems have been developed and operated entirely by electric cars. Equipped with many modern technologies along with smooth operation, users will definitely prefer using electric public transport over traditional energy cars.
However, the process of conceptualizing and designing an electric bus will not be easy. They depend on many factors such as intended use, operating requirements such as maximum speed, ability to climb slopes, acceleration, distance traveled and how long it takes to run. From those basic requirements, people start to calculate and design. Then select the parts that match the original calculations.
Finally, in order to meet the performance and life expectancy of the battery, we need to calculate the parameters to design and choose a charger suitable for the vehicle. To carry out this topic, I have divided into main research and calculation parts: − Select motor parameters for the vehicle based on the desired parameters and available parameters. − Calculation of energy for Batteries operating under different working conditions. − Simulate the operation of the vehicle on different distances, thereby calculating the capacity and charging time for the vehicle.
Keyword: Electric Bus, ADVISOR, Electric Battery, Electric Drivetrains. ix Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Reasons for choosing the topic As we know, fossil fuels are the main source of fuel for vehicles using traditional engines. However, this supply is gradually becoming scarcer due to high demand and limited reserves.
In the UK, a fuel crisis is occurring due to scarcity of fuel as well as high prices due to imports from other countries. Another cause that can affect fuel sources for vehicles is war. Last year, we had to witness the highest gasoline price, mainly due to the war between Russia and Ukraine. This war has a direct impact on the world economy as well as in Vietnam.
The increase in gasoline prices also greatly affects the demand for using traditional vehicles. The worldwide disruption created by the COVID-19 Pandemic has brought many positive impacts on the environment and climate. The reduction of modern human activities on a global scale such as: a significant reduction in the need for planned travel has caused a large decrease in air pollution and water pollution in many areas. When the pandemic first occurred, environmental quality gradually improved as the air became cleaner as cities imposed blockade orders or social distancing.
In Vietnam, the General Department of Environment (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) said that comparing the results of air quality in northern cities from January 1 to April 2020, including the period of isolation. Society shows that the change in production and human activities is an important cause of changing air quality. Compared to the same period of previous years, air quality also tends to improve, since people have reduced unnecessary movement due to the Covid-19 epidemic, which has contributed to a significant decrease in air quality. carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide emissions.
This also shows that the influence of emission sources such as traffic and manufacturing activities has a significant impact on urban air quality. Therefore, the application of electric vehicles to replace traditional vehicles is one of the methods to effectively solve those problems. Currently, in big cities in Vietnam are starting to research and develop electric bus models to replace old buses. And Vinbus is the first car company to successfully apply its electric bus model and is applied on a number of routes in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
1 Realizing that this is one of the potential solutions to develop the city, our group decided to research about the topic “DESIGN AND SIMULATION THE ELECTRIC BUS” in order to calculate, research and check the preliminary assessment of the simulation model of an electric bus based on the Vinbus car including available parameters. From there to evaluate whether the calculated results are consistent with the parameters of the model or not, and the greatest desire from the knowledge and research in the article, this will be the basis for research and development of a complete electric bus. Research situation in Abroad and Vietnam 1. Research situation in Abroad The Asia Pacific area has the world's largest electric bus market.
It is home to some of the world's most rapidly expanding and developed economies. The region's development may be ascribed to the Chinese market's dominance as well as the existence of prominent OEMs in the nation, resulting in the Asia Pacific electric bus and coach market growing at an exponential rate. The region's electric bus industry is expected to increase due to favorable legislation for electric buses, the availability of electric and electronic components, and quickly expanding charging infrastructure. In January 2022, the Government of India would distribute 670 electric buses to the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, and Chandigarh under Phase 2 of the FAME initiative.
Furthermore, 241 charging stations will be installed on the roads of Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, and Port Blair. During the projected period, North America is predicted to be the fastest-growing market.