ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP. HCM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA -------------------- V T U N EFFECT OF FURFURAL AND ACETIC ACID IN THE FERMENTATION PERFORMANCE OF IMMOBILIZED Kluyveromyces marxianus Chuyên ngành : Công nghệ Thực phẩm Mã số: 60 54 01 01 LUẬN VĂN T ẠC SĨ TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH, tháng 12 năm 2015. CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA–ĐHQG -HCM Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học : GS TS ăn iệt Mẫn Cán bộ chấm nhận x t 1 : TS Ho ng im nh Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 2 : TS h n Ngọ Ho Luận văn thạ sĩ được bảo vệ tại Trường Đại học Bách Kho , ĐHQG Tp HCM ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2016 Thành phần Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn thạ sĩ gồm: (Ghi rõ họ, tên, học hàm, học vị của Hội đồng chấm bảo vệ luận văn thạ sĩ) 1.
GS TS H ưu uẩn 2. TS Ho ng im nh 3. Phan Ngọ Ho 4. TS Nguy n á Th nh 5.
TS Trần Thị Ngọ n Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá v Trưởng Khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn đã được sửa chữa (nếu có). CHỦ T CH HỘI ĐỒNG TRƯỞNG O T UẬT O ỌC ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HCM CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NG Ĩ VI T NAM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc NHI M VỤ LUẬN VĂN T ẠC SĨ Họ tên học viên: Thị ệ Quy n MSHV: 13111026 Ng y, tháng, năm sinh: 23/06/1990 Nơi sinh: Tp. Hồ Chí Minh Chuyên ngành: Công nghệ Thực phẩm Mã số: 60 54 01 01 I. T N ĐỀ TÀI: Effect of Furfural and Acetic Acid in the Fermentation Performance of Immobilized Kluyveromyces marxianus.
NHI M VỤ VÀ NỘI DUNG: Nhiệm v So sánh hả năng háng hịu str ss ur ur l, ti i ủ nấm m n ố định tr n lá nướ v nấm m n tự o th ng qu hả năng sinh trưởng, sử ng ơ hất v sinh t ng hợp sản phẩm. hảo sát ảnh hưởng ủ ur ur l, ti i đến th y đ i th nh phần i o trong m ng tế o hất ủ nấm m n ố định tr n lá nướ v nấm m n tự o. Nội ung á định hả năng sinh trưởng, sử ng ơ hất v sinh t ng hợp sản phẩm ủ nấm m n ố định tr n lá nướ v nấm m n tự o trong m i trường sung ur ur l, ti i á định sự th y đ i t lệ hối lượng i o ão ho v ất ão ho trong m ng tế o hất mấn m n ố định tr n lá nướ v nấm m n tự o trong đi u iện tá động ủ ur ur l, ti i III. NGÀY GIAO NHI M VỤ : 19/01/2015 IV.
NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHI M VỤ: 04/12/2015 V. CÁN BỘ ƯỚNG DẪN : GS TS ăn iệt Mẫn Tp. HCM, ngày 24 tháng 12 năm 2015 CÁN BỘ ƯỚNG DẪN CHỦ NHI M BỘ MÔN ĐÀO TẠO (Họ tên và chữ ký) (Họ tên và chữ ký) TRƯỞNG O T UẬT O ỌC (Họ tên và chữ ký) i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my scientific supervisor, ro ssor ăn iệt Mẫn for his guidance and encouragement regardless place and time. He is the one who gave me a lot of useful and valuable advises.
My study actually could not be finished without his criticism and assistances. I would like to thank all the faculty members of Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology that they give the best opportunities for my study and all of their help with my project. I am also indebted to my classmates who always stand by me, encourage and support to my work in night time. I gratefully acknowledge my parents for their encouragement, prayers, magnificent support, and love patience through my eyes of education.
I am so blessed to have you as family. I love you Once again, I am grateful to everybody that involved directly or indirectly in helping me during the researching progress. 4th December, 2015 Thị ệ Quy n ii ABTRACT Lignocellulosic material is potential for bioethanol production. However, acidic pretreatment of lignocellulosic material generate various toxic compounds including furfural and acetic acid for yeast fermentation.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of furfural and acetic acid in the fermentation performance of free yeast and immobilized yeast on Nypa fruiticans leaf sheath pieces. Increase in furfural level (0 – 5g/L) or acetic acid content (0 – 8g/L) in the medium significantly reduced cell growth and ethanol formation rate of both immobilized and free yeast. However, the immobilized yeast on Nypa fruiticans leaf sheath pieces fermented sugar faster and produced more ethanol than the free yeast under furfural and acetate stresses. Application of immobilized yeast was therefore potential for improvement in ethanol fermentation from lignocellulosic material.
iii LỜI C M ĐO N CỦA TÁC GIẢ T i xin m đo n rằng đây l ng trình nghi n ứu của tôi, có sự hỗ trợ t giáo vi n hướng dẫn l GS TS ăn iệt Mẫn. Các nội dung nghiên cứu và kết quả trong đ tài này là trung thự v hư t ng được ai công bố trong bất cứ công trình nghiên cứu n o trướ đây Nếu phát hiện có bất kỳ sự gian lận nào tôi xin hoàn toàn chịu trách nhiệm trước hội đồng, ng như ết quả luận văn ủa mình. Tháng 12 năm 2015 Học viên Thị ệ Quy n iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Inhibitors in ethanol fermentation. Adaptive response of yeast to furfural. Inhibition effects of furfural on yeast growth and ethanol fermentation. Adaptive response of yeast to acetic acid.
Inhibition effects of acetic acid on yeast growth and ethanol fermentation .12 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS .20 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Effect of furfural on ethanol fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus. Effect of furfural on yeast growth. Effect of furfural on substrate assimilation.
Effect of furfural on ethanol formation. Effect of furfural on unsaturation degree of fatty acids of cellular membrane. Effect of acetic acid on ethanol fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus. Effect of acetic acid on yeast growth.
Effect of acetic acid on substrate assimilation .3 Effect of acetic acid on ethanol formation. Effect of acetic acid on unsaturation degree of fatty acids of cellular membrane .36 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .38 vi TABLE OF FIGURES: Figure 2. 2: Main hydrolytic components of lignocellulose biomasses and generated inhibitory compounds. 3: Chemical structure of furfural.
4: Conversion of furfural by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase to furfuryl alcohol. 5: A schematic illustration of glucose metabolic pathways and conversion of furfural by tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 6: Chemical structure of acetic acid. 7: Mechanisms of acetic acid stress response in S.
1: Growth curves of the immobilized and free yeast in medium with different furfural concentrations. 2: Change in glucose concentration in the immobilized and free yeast cultures with different furfural concentrations. 3: Ethanol formation in the immobilized and free yeast cultures with different furfural concentrations. 4: The unsaturated degree of fatty acid on the cell membrane.
5: Growth curves of immobilized and free yeast in medium with different acetic acid concentrations. 6: Change in glucose concentration in the immobilized and free yeast cultures with different acetic acid concentrations. 7: Ethanol formation in the immobilized and free yeast cultures with different acetic acid concentrations. 8: The degree of unsaturated fatty acid of the cell membrane .37 vii TABLE OF TABLES: Table 2.
1: Cellulosic carrier used for ethanol formation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1: Maximum cell density of the immobilized and free cells in cultures with different furfural concentrations. 2: Growth rate of the immobilized and free cells in the cultures with various furfural concentrations. 3: The residual glucose level in the immobilized and free yeast cultures with different furfural concentrations.
4: Glucose uptake rate of the immobilized and free yeast in media with different furfural concentrations. 5: Final ethanol concentration of the immobilized and free yeast in media with different furfural concentrations. 6: Ethanol formation rate of the immobilized and free yeast in media with different furfural concentrations. 7: Maximum cell density of the immobilized and free cells in medium with different acetic acid concentrations.
8: Growth rate of the immobilized and free cells in the cultures with various acetic acid concentrations. 9: The residual glucose level in the immobilized and free yeast cultures with different acetic acid concentrations. 10: Glucose uptake rate of the immobilized and free yeast in media with different acetic acid concentrations. 11: Final ethanol concentration of the immobilized and free yeast in media with different acetic acid concentrations.
12: Ethanol formation rate of immobilized and free yeast in media with different acetic acid concentrations .36 viii LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS ATP : Adenosine triphosphate ATPase : Enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of ATP into ADP and free phosphate ion. ADH : Alcohol dehydrogenases enzyme ADH6, ADH7 : Genes encoded for aldehyde reductions activity ALD4, GRE3 : Genes encoded for aldehyde reductions activity AlDH : Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme AFT1P : Genes encoded for intracellular metal metabolism DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid FPS1P : Genes encoded for vacuolar degradation GND2, GND1, NQM1 : Genes encoded for NADH regeneration HOG1P : Genes encoded for pathway for acetic acid resistance at low pH HOG1P, SLT2P, MAP kinase: Genes encoded for phosphorylation kinase HAA1P : Genes encoded for resistance to acetic acid in glucose medium NADH : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADPH : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate PDH : Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme TAC cycle : The tricarboxylic acid cycle TPO2, TPO3 : Genes encoded for the plasma membrane multidrug transporter K. marxianus : Kluyveromyces marxianus S. cerevisiae : Saccharomyces cerevisiae S.kluyveri : Saccharomyces kluyveri YGP1 : Genes encoded for the cell wall glycoprotein ZWF1, SOL3, RBK1: Genes encoded for NADH regeneration 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Limited availability of fossil fuels has led to stronger attempt to investigate various renewable sources such as biomass, hydropower, solar, wind and marine energy which have been proved to be potential for fossil fuel replacement since they are more environmentally friendly [1].
Among those, biomass seems to be more alternative energy compared to other natural gases, sewer and geothermal heat [2]. Moreover, ethanol from biomass is the most promising energy source. It is an oxygenated fuel, and is easily blended with gasoline for transportive purposes or converted to electricity [3, 4]. Besides, the ethanol combustion system was investigated to reduce the greenhouse effects from gas pollution [3, 5] In ethanol production, bio-resources such as starch, cereals, sugarcane have been investigated and concluded as the main feedstock because of their following advanced property [6].
Starch contains a large number of glucose units linked tog th r y β-1,4- glycosidic bond; therefore, it is easily to be broken down to produce high yield of ethanol without the pretreatment [7]. Using these kinds of material can shorten the processing time; however it will lead to unbalance between food and fuel supplied sources, increasing the risk of food security Currently, lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood, sugarcane bagasse, waste in food processing have been reported as an attractively available material for bioethanol production [8, 9].