BARES: 10036 University of International Business and Economics HE FPL The Impact of Institution Quality and Business Environment on Trade Flows: The Evidence of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Countries WES: Vo Sy 4k dn DE201960026 Tự 3W 4k St : School of International Trade and Economics EWA: International trade ta SUM: Professor Zhu Mingxia 2023 *F 3 A University Code: 10036 A Ad ts6$e# University of International Business and Economics Doctoral Dissertation The Impact of Institution Quality and Business Environment on Trade Flows: The Evidence of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Countries Author: Vo Sy Student ID: DE201960026 School: International Trade and Economics Major: International trade Supervisor: Professor Zhu Mingxia May, 2023 Declaration I declare that this dissertation has not been previously accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. I have completed the required knowledge and milestones for the degree. I state that this dissertation is the result of my own independent work and exploration, except where otherwise stated. Signature: Name: VO SY Date: 2023.
Copyright In presenting this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from University of International Business and Economics, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulation, governing materials of this type. I agree that permission to copy from, or to publish this dissertation may be granted by the professor under whose direction it was written, or, in his absence, by the Dean of the Graduate School when such copying or publication is solely for scholarly purposes and does not involve potential financial gain. Author’s signature: May, 2023 1 ABSTRACT In the current period of economic integration, the institutional quality (IQ) and business environment (BE) of countries plays an important role in attracting foreign direct investment and facilitating international trade. Some developing countries in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) group, despite decades of impressive economic development, have not commensurately ensured a sound business environment and economic institution.
These economies must improve their business and investment climates to facilitate foreign direct investment and trade flows between RCEP countries and external partners. In this context, this study investigates the impact of indicators of IQ and BE on trade flows of RCEP countries from 2010 to 2020 year. This analysis uses 14,700 observations on bilateral trade between RCEP countries and their partners, combined with data from Economic Freedom, World Development Indicators, Doing Business Index, Global Competitiveness Index, World Bank Governance Index and the Institute for International Economics. To accomplish the objective, three studies are practiced by using principle component analysis (PCA) methods, structural equation model (SEM) along with several novel econometrics techniques applied for panel data such as POOL, FEM, REM, FGLS and IV.
The first study investigates the separate impact of underlying variables of IQ on trade flows. More precisely, the relationship between economic freedom, political governance and bilateral trade of RCEP countries. The second study examines the impact of business regulation, infrastructure, border and transport efficiency on trade flows. The third study takes the simultaneous analysis of the impact of IQ and BE on trade flows.
In addition, the influence of IQ and BE on the probability to global trade of RCEP countries is also examined. Finally, it also takes a further study and checks the mediating role of inward FDI in the nexus between IQ, BE and trade flows. The results regarding the impact of IQ and BE on trade flows are robust when using different econometric techniques, the results of the OLS, GLS and IV models give some conclusions as follows. The separate impact of IQ and BE on trade flows is highly significant positive.
The simultaneous analysis of the impact of IQ and BE on trade flows shows that except economic institution variable, political governance and business environment have a positive and highly significant impact on bilateral trade. Meanwhile, economic institution and business environment have a positive and highly significant impact on inward FDI. Furthermore, the estimated coefficients of explanatory variables of main interest gotten by two- step Heckman (1979) estimation, are significant and their signs are consistent with the 1H predictions of the gravity model for both outcome and selection equations. Finally, the results of structural equation model (SEM) show that there is the existence of a strong causal indirect relationship between sub-indicators of IQ, BE and trade flows through mediating role of inward FDI.
Indicating the level of IQ and BE of the developing countries of bloc improves, can receive more FDI. In turn, inward FDI to RCEP countries promotes trade flows and boosts the probability to global trade. This study reminds policymakers of RCEP countries that it is necessary to improve freedom to international trade, pay attention to political stability and enhance control of corruption. Besides, this study that stress the role of key sub-indicators of business environment, such as the ease of doing business, infrastructure as well as creating an environment for trading across borders, as important determinants in enhancing trade flows as well as inward FDI attraction.
Also measures should be put in place that improve infrastructure such as quality of ports and quality of roads as well as LPI, to enhance the free movement of goods and services, reducing administrative time related to import and export activities. KEY WORDS: Institution quality; business environment; RCEP, trade flows; gravity model iv i Sẽ # *“8ZÙ†t—-#4L3f£t, Gl AY Hl PE Jo Be Q) A # f3 bắ(BE)#EfW | Sb ti Eí Be HUE AE A AT MM RS EE. KATA K ER AME CRCEP) #Hl Ae A Te HL ae PR ZS TL ES AB ACE, (ASR AA ZS BS fe R kƒ FD PE LIA Sg AZ i PE REZ Ti ok Wh i SP MY A IE, DARED OR Eee DAR RCEP HAG IPAMK FE ZIAD. AWARE ƒ 2010 - 2020 4 RCEP AC Hill Ei AS A eH BA HA.
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J2}, 2ZKĐT7š581ï TRIAS CRETE SEA, 2 Ps BE Alte, AeA APS SER Ds OBE, TEASE iit) A 5| 9E ee BE AY V #414 INlX. tớ, KEARSE, CARER ES 1 Joe ae ASE BR Re Se wh His Be Tt fad, DAIRY AUIRS AE vital, 2b GEL Fo RAT BLY BỊ. Ree: i te; LIA BE; RCEP; 5X Dita, AY VI List of Contents DECIAPAUION.convssvesserensconvervsvesnevesenesvsnseanessessonssvenseuscenseenss¥nreeveornensubansonreshvessenestesteobenseesensaveaes i COPYFIGHC.eccccessecseraccsseseresersnsescevensoeersnseesesteuasuaeccseseesseunessessrsseveuseseseseaseestersestensessessenseneeese ii ABS TRAG TD sccssssestevcsscacessteccssseuscsersessusesensndeeovesneacnassensssssvenssne ceussunveeansseaneseusvessoouseavevesrenseseweed iii WF E7. lv Vv List of Content esssesscosscssssvcorssecusncssnvasessvsasevsseexonnsavnssxeceonssaysanevescevsseancesvansaecasauseunsessnseunsveness vii List:0f Table ssssssssssssesssasssovsssssvsssvssssvsissnessvsssnssessosseassvssssscssssonsssssnseussnsssssssssssevevasvassssnssssosvens xiii List 0Í Figures ssssesscsscssssssasesssssessssssssssnsssssscssesssosssssssocvssvsvessenssssessssssnesnssesensesscesovesseessosoesesseas xiv List of APDT€VIALÍOTNsocgaeceonaconinig10 6 03014151368556835618a3514685SE5N36SG985589938555385X884S953S5ESSS58490188/ Xv Acknowled gem ents ssissssssssssnsemanesansisonmininnenunanarnmnnmancmnmammnenmrnieens xvii Chapter 1: Introduction.
Reseach BđGKEBTOUIHn0520667000006S9000103800018600060103/0/48393003Q085Er\BSf2BZGPimyödiMG)24US89030/GMƠ5 1 1.2 Objective of the Research 0n.4 The Contributions of the Research. 1 211v HH HH Hit 3 Lỗi.SEBTGH QUES HO HS cenneneeedenoonoitgtinDDIEIGgBiSiSGSHID-H01300148048039/90130.004GGE4GIBIĐIEDUTDISESNSII1SAGS/100/HIĐI 5 1,6 Methodological approaches sncseeeseeesseseisossisS015555585105615888506045318G0884043580/ 5 vil 17 Researcly SG TUHIsssasesesocedeneiansanesetinduigoskgdlliBiitsiigtisag2880ogi0nE4kgtilAi2didiiaiooNigBi gtaxilEniãngika'cshsgtdssisaie y Chapter 2: Literature Review co con n2 n2 xg4á cá g5 cáAEA4 Q04 482 D12803ã.1 Concepts of Institution Quality(IQ) and Business Environment (BE) .1 Eeonomic Ereedom Indica tors cua li Hinh ghàá i43 051064664 cÚc 3g La điệu 9 21:2, POliti¢al GioVErTiaiiee TH bnssebeiiecMisdasbsixlblsyisiexk(lãcs4gokssvtevbsvElimol3icksis30re80 088 9 2.3 Business Regulation ÏndICa†OTS.4 Border and Transport Efficiency Indicators .2 Literature Review of the IQ, BE and Trade FÌows.1 The Relationship between IQ and Trade FIOWS.2 The Relationship between Business Environment and Trade Flows.3 Literature Review of the IQ, BE and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).1 The Relationship between Institution Quality (IQ) and Inward FDI.2The Relationship between business environment (BE) and FDI Inflows .4 The Literature Review of Trade Flows and FDI Inflows Nexus .5 The Literature Review of Research Models .1 Gravity Model oo.2 Structural Equation Model (SEM).----- -- S25 221122221112 111111212511 11 ke 30 2)6:ILHGFSVUTE GAPS senssenneiivesiisieeirllktyễtpihaenriiltiuinriknpilierbioprdistieoggiuetligtpmbasrgrkezsrgsEirrorsdinEnsosw 32 VII Dil Wy BC ĐỊT, COUMULES! eessrecsti.issaansosiirvbsiEioodiestldiauibcRfasisoitssiinsidiagRidiglSlSsii2zssgiSi2imtabiilSia3dgade3uii2E 33 Chapter 3: Research Methodology. 36 BA Tid ex: SWSGHHIccose-sessssnnizeeseoiiaseitesososlidiaduos li SAugiu cũng troafutrrsltsiluciöuccspsisess0RzB5.30A/98u/3Lx-S0agi0nSE20g 36 B Lol: TAGE HOWE psctornaesseclscetsdootoslsgoxdbosssesstosiostosEliGfcavE316a2820Ara0eogsdtb giai 0đ.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows 2.3 Political Govertianicd Lid OX jc ncsveayuenaneasceneversescteerene 168 s08 3 n401031100:1301012.4 The Economic Freedom Indicators .39 Business Restlation Wd Xcess raceme ne nN 40 3.6 Border atid, Transport Ethic1enicy IN sscccccesessseess vernseressaesamevorseaneeseaveceraneences 40 BLL 7 HHfäSHIEtUIE THỦ cc ssesscisasewssanespnessssannnanosenieaxcanensisussananens sevenssunsannaseranasauaeensean 41 3.8 Other Traditional DeferIminaifS. --- -- + - 23+ 3+ +2 *+*+EE+vrrrrrrrerrrrrrrrrrxee 42 D2 Research NIGEHGID PP mgiosngidsG010Li0iL0tãL500G801306E600u3008068080033038388300388915428t098.3 Adopted Research Methods.-- --- --- +21 x*xnHnHnHn HH HH HH 44 3.1 Principle Component Analysis (PCA).3)DS ELAUSIMAT, LES.
Số ốẽốốốẽ ốc 45 3.3 Groupwise Heteroscedasticity Wald Test.4 Autocorrelation Wooldridge 'Ï©SK.5 The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS).356 SOW LLÁIGSD!aussonntuentsinoitlbiitdgiasaSnstitiaiitoasia3igBtij\3kiBsinggs8gscsnR2848l)0xl25AlanfosgplaipotannieiiRsdtänidssrdgsei 49 3.7 Bootstrappitigs Technique xcecatncasscnamnene.inemaann tases Ssuslnaasdidnguigliedii sauus0rbissbsiokuddasicsf 50 3.8 Instrumental Variable Method (IV). Si RGESGarcli MOCEIS ssoseeecsiebisgsslbaoxeveses2oogiesibdixôkceilV8i9bs3340330u38acbbgsbei6tiisdgufántuưagibos in giu gg 51 3.MIGEloassenssssdisybbnitiosgpiyllasesiosksbxlftiysifi3eo6Afbstkis suAAsuputiDpslttficdoswdeisvatfi 51 3.2 The IQ, BE and Trade Flows Nexus Model .3 The IQ, BE and FDI Inflow Nexus Model.4 Two-step Heckman (1979) Selection Model .5 The Structural Equation Model (SEM)ccebnidanido ti ng (054184390580 50182 006 54 BD) Data RESOUICES sung sS0ng006001 006 01280083.8018000:38GI4R8343/GUGNG18GGE8iGGH5303/8033898009438589HG8880819335g8461381386 56 Chapter 4: Analyzing the Overall Trade Flows of RCEP Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality.1 Preface wesceseseseseemcaneesonenerasueicnenmenccer eure nme core EEE EEE ENTE S7 4,2: Data and Model COHSETUGUOHsiiseissisixeisssssisi B84) 11635113184 455586356358513536615538445485E1AE14E.15S898 58 43 Econometric Approach siacsssssscexssssneamaeccene RR RTE 62 21:4 Descriptive Statistics scscescasssresnsieenesse seine ee 63 aS Results atid DiseuSSiOM psc: ccsaseaneneretias anaes ee eae 64 4.8 The Contributions and Policy SŠugg€SfIO'S. 73 Chapter 5: Trade Flows of RCEP Countries: The Role of Business Environment .75 Dil PROTACE cca sauisseatensucnaacicamraacastieomausuamaminstc sree ieiniecshamactacauind a ndaninads neapaamcmabtinatioaieamsmmuiwdiitins 75 3. Data arid Model ConisifUb Di sai OBelieiD di c4 GA 14008 152x150 1480184186 1u0ssl0xssiig4u E6 76 SA ECONOMIC APPTOACh casesssseseniessseneola liaetigsascsgiDisgiisgix0S80-1605.0323 001463 fener emnlgnameeie 80 DO DESENIPUVE StAISUCS ipsesessaseettslsskesnpketidolfssdipiaibx94e4ssesseovltBsdtgiS43stislssisagpalfSgiilelkassibigtarat 81 5.7 Results atid DISCUSS 100 wscieaverencesseusersanamcacsiran ass eden ae Ee 82 5:8 RODUSUHIESS CGHEGKsacseiessbsoad tiilgil dhtl8i8lgtesilfiuttYegtstilytsoatgbbasgttspi8Sg43si0Gilssiasltisbisgees 86 5.9) SUMIMALY sescsscesessmsrecvecasanseessennasssurensswsscsenasermannay 85018980 eon erearemeemerseaeroesmeseeens 89 5.10 The Contributions and Policy Suggestions .:cscseceeceeceeseeseeeeeeeeseeseeseeseeneeaees 90 Chapter 6: The Mediated Role of Inward FDI in the Institution Quality, Business Environment and Trade FIOWS ÏNeXuS.1 DI HE senrinnnnibdabttiiibtisigGELSPIGEDIGSISGSENEESESERSGSSIEESNSUDSSISSDRSSSTĐEEISSESEEEO-SEEVRESIIXEESRESESEESĐSEE 92 6.2 Data and Model ConstTuGHOf:sssscsseisseissssssassei81445613546231945138846353g5383802404515 151883163888 94 6.3 Econometric ADDTO4Gl-sssszszssasaxtbssebietidiisSSGEOAKEXRHSSSESSDEERSEIGRIERHSESSSIISSEEOS1Q88E 96 6.4 Reliability, Validity and Correlation Sf†afIS{ICS.-- 5 5522 *++‡E++cEsererkeserek 97 GS Results atid DiscussiOti cece os aaeesstiesaees nga ee RS 98 6.1 The Impact of IQ and BE on Inward FDI.2 The Impact of IQ and BE on Trade FIOWS .3 The Impact of IQ and BE on the Probability to Global Trade of RCEP COUDLIES xcs intunng tin 102115018 bồ Ko GHENGRREWGISANBGGSEA03SG31A3SSã.