BANKING ACADEMY ADVANCED BACHELOR’S PROGRAM FACULTY OF FINANCE ---🙣🕮🙡--- GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE PROFITABILITY OF REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAM STOCK MARKET Student : Tran Minh Tuan Class : K23-CLCTCA Course : 2020-2024 Student ID.D Tran Thi Xuan Anh Ha Noi, May 2024 DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work provided in this dissertation, "IMPACT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON THE PROFITABILITY OF REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAM STOCK MARKET," satisfies the requirements for the Banking Academy's graduation thesis. I guarantee that I am the only author of this thesis along with the scientific guidance of Assoc.D Tran Thi Xuan Anh with the graduation thesis guarantees integrity and adherence to rules regarding reference notes and citations. The data and information provided in the thesis are reliable, gathered from official sources to support further investigation. I guarantee that this thesis has not been submitted for consideration toward any other degree at this or any other university.
I have read the most recent study ethical rules published by the university and I understand my responsibilities as well as the participants' rights. I accept full responsibility for this pledge in the event that any fraud is found! Ha Noi, 18 th March, 2024 Student Tran Minh Tuan ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I choose and conduct the subject of " Impact of capital structure on the profitability of real estate industry enterprises listed on Vietnam stock market " for my graduation thesis after completing specialized subjects at Faculty of Finance of BAV. First of all, I would like to express my profound thanks to each and every one of my beloved teachers who are currently teaching at the Advanced Bachelor’s Program of Banking Academy particularly and Faculty of Finance generally for helping and motivating me studying and researching a wide knowledge by providing such qualified study environment, an abundance of studying materials and their hands-on experience. Especially, I would like to convey my gratitude and admiration to my supervisor, Assoc.D Tran Thi Xuan Anh for her eager assistance in finishing my dissertation.
She provided me with a lot of insightful advice and insightful remarks based on her extensive academic experience, which I am really appreciated. I have also learned a lot during the process of finishing this graduation thesis. Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude to the Board of Directors and the entire team of Fargo Investment and Trading Co.'s Finance - Accounting Department for their enthusiastic assistance in enabling me to obtain real-world work experience so as to successfully finish my graduation thesis. After a period of internship experience at the company, I feel that I have matured in terms of knowledge, skills, and working style so as to be able to adapt better to the nature of the working environment.
Moreover, I want to sincerely thank my family for their unwavering encouragement and support. Also, I express gratitude to myself for having the courage to step outside of my comfort zone, remaining tenacious and constantly working towards improving myself. My future route will be greatly aided by the thesis, which also lets me put the knowledge I have gained over the last four years into practice. Nevertheless, despite my efforts and careful execution, my graduation thesis undoubtedly has numerous flaws because my professional expertise and practical experience is still quite restricted.
It would be really appreciated if I could get more constructive comments to enhance my research’s quality better and my upcoming studies more comprehensive. Sincerely thank you! iii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION. Research subject and research scope: .2 Data collection method.3 Data analysis method. 5 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Impact of capital structure on firm’s profitability. 21 CHAPTER II: DATA AND METHODOLOGY. Collect and process data:. Research variables and hypotheses.
33 CHAPTER III: EMPIRICAL RESULTS. Overview of real estate industry and real estate companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange. Overview of real estate industry in Vietnam. Current status of capital structure use of real estate enterprises.
Select regression model. Checking defects in the FEM model. Assess the impact of factors on business performance of real estate businesses. 46 CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.
Conclusion drawn from the research article. For real estate business. For the Government. Limitations of the research article.
Future research directions. 69 vi ABBREVIATIONS MM Modigliani & Miller SIZE Business size HOSE Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange OLS Ordinary Least Square FEM Fixed Effects Model REM Regression Estimation Model WTO World Trade Organization WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital EPS Earnings per share ROA Return on Asset ROE Return on Equity ROS Return on Sales ROI Return on Investments ROCE Return on Capital Employed ROIC Return on Invested Capital TD/E Debt to equity ratio HOSE Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange OLS Ordinary Least Square FEM Fixed-effects model REM Random-effect model LTD Long-term debt STD Short-term debt HNX Hanoi Stock Exchange vii TDTE Ratio of total debt to total equity STTLR Short-Term Debt to Total Liabilities Ratio TDTA Ratio of total debt to total asset TURN Asset turnover CR Current ratio TANG Tangible Asset ratio GM Gross margin Ln Logarithm VIF Variance Inflation factors GLS Generalized least squares GDP Gross domestic product DER Debt equity ratio viii TABLE OF GRAPHS Graph 2.1: Ratio of total debt to total assets of enterprises in the research sample for the period 2014 – 2023.2: Average ROA and ROE of 30 real estate businesses in the period 2014-2023. 44 TABLE OF TABLES Table 3.1: Statistical results describe the variables. Error! Bookmark not defined.2: Pearson correlation test results between variablesError! Bookmark not defined.3: The variance inflation factor (VIF).
Error! Bookmark not defined.4: Correcting REM model defects of the representative variable ROE using GLS estimation .5: Correcting FEM model defects of the representative variable ROA using GLS estimation .6: Ratio of total debt to total assets of CTI for the period 2014-2023 .7: Ratio of GM of DTA for the period 2014-2023.8: Ratio of TURN of DIG for the period 2014-2023 .9: Ratio of SIZE of VIC for the period 2014-2023Error! Bookmark not defined.10: Ratio of TANG of EVG for the period 2014-2023Error! Bookmark not defined.11: Growth rate GDP in the period 2014 – 2023Error! Bookmark not defined.12: Hausman test results of ROE. Error! Bookmark not defined.13: Results of testing heteroskedasticity of ROEError! Bookmark not defined.14: Results of autocorrelation test of ROE. Error! Bookmark not defined.15: Correcting FEM model defects of the representative variable ROE using GLS estimation. Error! Bookmark not defined.16: Results of regression analysis.
Error! Bookmark not defined. Rationale: Globalization and international integration have intensified competition among economies, pushing businesses to focus on operating effectively and maximizing profits to survive and establish market position. Business performance is a crucial aspect for all enterprises, with profitability being a key indicator for evaluation. Vietnam's economy is progressing and adheres to market mechanisms, necessitating directors to devise strategies to boost their business value.
Analyzing business performance serves as a vital tool for economic management, aiding managers in optimizing operations efficiently. Capital structure signifies the utilization of capital and debt for asset financing, with managerial behavior impacting financial decisions and business outcomes, especially through debt usage. Therefore, considering the relationship between capital structure and business profitability is extremely necessary and important for each business. Due to its influence on a company's profitability, the valued capital structure is of utmost importance for academic research (Salim & Yadav, 2012).
Numerous studies, the majority of which were conducted in industrialized nations, have examined the impact of capital structure on the performance of businesses. A multitude of scholarly articles, including those by Roden & Lewellen (1995), Chowdhury (2010), Derayat (2012), Nasimi (2016), and Detthamrong et al. (2017), have demonstrated the beneficial effects of capital structures on company efficiency. Conversely, research by Huang and Song (2006), Soumadi & Hayajneh (2012), Tailab (2014), and Azeez et al.
(2015) comes to the conclusion that capital structures have a detrimental effect on business profitability. According to Tien et al. (2020), there is a lot of attention in and thought given to the connection between capital structure and business performance in Vietnam. Today, the real estate industry is highly significant and strategically vital since the goods and services it produces meet everyone's basic needs, and in certain nations, its administration is subject to very rigorous laws.
Conversely, a nation's economic growth can be fueled by the availability of a sufficient, dependable, and high-quality real estate infrastructure. The provision of real estate to support government services, population increase, electrification initiatives, and economic growth are the key elements that determine a nation's real estate demands. However, it is found that the operating efficiency 1 of many companies is still quite low. Normally, most real estate firms have small and inappropriate management and capital investment levels, seriously affecting the company's profits.
As a matter of fact, despite its popularity in other countries, captial structure in real estate companies in Vietnam settings has still been an unclear issue with limited studies in terms of quality and quantity. Specific problems with those works might be a barrier to the firm’s performance calcution, reasearch method limitations, small research sample size. Based on the above reasons, I chose the topic “Impact of capital structure on the profitability of real estate industry enterprises listed on Vietnamese stock market” to research based on on the theoretical basis of the capital structure of real estate industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market and their impact on the profit margin of the enterprises.1 General objective: The primary goal of this study is to examine how capital structure affects the profitability of companies in the real estate sector that are listed on the Vietnamese stock market between 2014 and 2023. Following this goal, a research model will be developed based on prior research in order to assess the findings and provide suitable business recommendations within the real estate sector.2 Specific objective: Based on the general objectives, the key objectives of the thesis are synthesized: First, summarize the fundamental theories of capital structure, profitability, and the relationship of capital structure on profitability.
Second, examine and assess the reality of how capital structure affects the profitability of real estate industry enterprises that are listed on the Vietnamese stock market during 2014-2023 Third, create a quantitative data model. Then, using statistical software, run the model using linear regression method to test the degree of impact in which capital structure influences the profitability of companies in the real estate sector and to determine how the variables are correlated.3 Research question The graduation thesis provides suitable responses to a few of the following research topics in order to fulfill the aforementioned objectives: (1) What is capital structure and firm profitability? Which criteria to evaluate the profitability of a firm? (2) Based on previous studies, how did capital structure impact on the overall firm profitability in general? (3) Does capital structure exert a positive or negative influence on the profitability of real estate enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market? (4) Based on the results afterwards, what are the remedies that real estate enterprises should take into consideration to maximise their profitability? 3. Research subject and research scope: 3.1 Research subject: The study's research subject is on how capital structure affects the profitability of businesses in the real estate sector that are listed on the Vietnamese stock market on all 3 exchanges: HNX, HOSE, UpCom.2 Research scope: - Spatial scope: The research on this topic is restricted to 30 real estate firms that are listed on the stock market in Vietnam. In the context of the total economy, this can be considered a modest number of enterprises.