MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF FREEZE-DRIED MANGO ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF YOGURT DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : LƯU NGOC PHUONG UYEN Student ID : 19126262 Course : 2019 - 2023 Ho Chi Minh City, April 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF FREEZE-DRIED MANGO ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF YOGURT DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE Instructor Student NGUYEN THANH VIET, Msc LUU NGOC PHUONG UYEN Ho Chi Minh City, April 2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the esteemed professors at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Forestry, especially to the faculty of the School of Biological Sciences, who have been tirelessly passionate about educating and sharing invaluable knowledge, thereby significantly contributing to my academic journey. Furthermore, my gratitude also extends to the management of the Institute of Technology Application and Sustainable Development - Nguyen Tat Thanh University, who have approved and provided the necessary support in terms of facilities and equipment, enabling me to complete this thesis. A special thanks must go to Master Nguyen Thanh Viet, from Nguyen Tat Thanh University, who has devoted his wholehearted dedication to guiding me, from defining the research topic, gathering information, and processing data to the completion of this thesis. I must also mention the continuous support from my family, parents, and friends, who have always been a source of moral encouragement, ready to support me whenever I faced difficulties throughout the research and thesis writing process.
I am aware that I still have many limitations in knowledge and analytical skills, hence this thesis cannot be free from shortcomings. Therefore, I eagerly look forward to receiving valuable guidance and suggestions from the professors, so that my thesis can be further improved. Sincerely thank you! CONFIRMATION AND DECLARATION My name is Luu Ngoc Phuong Uyen, Student ID: 19126262, Class: DH19SHC, majoring in Biotechnology at Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Forestry, hereby declare: This thesis is conducted by myself directly, all data and information in the research are completely truthful and objective. I fully take responsibility before the Council for these commitments.
Ho Chi Minh City, March 26" 2024 The Declaration Writer Luu Ngoc Phuong Uyen 1 ABSTRACT This study evaluates the impact of freeze-dried mango powder on the antioxidant activity and fermentation characteristics of yogurt during cold storage. The aim 1s to determine how different levels of mango powder affect the pH, lactic acid concentration, viscosity, and sensory properties of yogurt by blending it with 1%, 3%, and 5% mango powder. This research also investigates changes in antioxidant compounds such as total polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamin C, along with antioxidant activities assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays over the storage period. It helps to determine which ratio of mango powder achieves the best capability to enhance the content of beneficial compounds and improve preservation ability.
Additionally, the physicochemical properties and the viability of lactic acid bacteria are monitored. Findings indicate that incorporating freeze-dried mango can significantly alter the nutritional and sensory quality of yogurt, offering a new approach to enhance the functional properties of dairy products. Results show that yogurt blended with 3% freeze-dried mango powder not only improves beneficial properties such as antioxidant activity and nutrient content (phenolics, carotenoids, vitamin C) but also affects factors like color, pH, and total sugar content, making the stabilization process faster and more efficient. The antioxidant content of yogurt blended with 3% freeze-dried mango powder provides an adequate and stable amount, enhancing the nutritional value of the yogurt.
This ratio also received the highest sensory evaluation score among the samples. Keywords: Mango, pH, lactic acid, polyphenol, carotenoid, vitamin C, antioxidant il TÓM TẮT Nghiên cứu này đánh giá tác động của bột xoài sấy lạnh lên hoạt tính chống oxy hóa và các đặc tính lên men của sữa chua trong quá trình bảo quản lạnh. Mục tiêu là xác định cách mức độ bột xoài khác nhau ảnh hưởng đến pH, nồng độ axit lactic, độ nhớt và các thuộc tính cảm quan của sữa chua thông qua việc pha trộn với 1%, 3% và 5% bột xoài. Nghiên cứu này cũng khám phá sự thay đổi trong các hợp chất chống oxy hóa như tông polyphenol, carotenoid và vitamin C, cùng với hoạt tính chống oxy hóa được đánh giá bằng phép thử DPPH và ABTS qua thời gian bảo quản.
Nó giúp xác định tỷ lệ bột xoài nào mang lại khả năng tăng cường nội dung các hợp chất có lợi và cải thiện khả năng bảo quản. Ngoài ra, các đặc tính vật lý hóa học và khả năng sống của vi khuẩn axit lactic cũng được theo dõi. Kết quả cho thấy việc kết hợp bột xoài sấy lạnh có thé thay đổi đáng ké chất lượng dinh dưỡng và cảm quan của sữa chua, mở ra một cách tiếp cận mới để cải thiện các đặc tính chức năng của sản phẩm sữa. Kết quả cho thấy sữa chua pha trộn với 3% bột xoài sấy lạnh không chỉ cải thiện các thuộc tính có lợi như hoạt tính chống oxy hóa va nội dung dinh dưỡng (polyphenol, carotenoid, vitamin C) mà còn ảnh hưởng đến các yếu tố như màu sắc, pH và tổng lượng đường, làm cho quá trình 6n định nhanh chóng và hiệu quả hơn.
Nội dung chống oxy hóa của sữa chua pha trộn với 3% bột xoài say lạnh cung cấp một lượng đủ và ôn định, nâng cao giá trị dinh dưỡng của sữa chua. Tỷ lệ này cũng nhận được điểm đánh giá cảm quan cao nhất trong số các mẫu. Từ khóa: Xoài, pH, axit lactic, polyphenol, carotenoid, vitamin C, chất chống oxy hóa IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS essex secemiera mee eae ae eee i CONFIRMATION AND DECLARATION .cccecesesceseeseeseeseeseeceeseeceeteeceneescenseseens 11 Uae tailASSN Cane ee a 11 TABLE OF # @1:/0zi6E. nat centanntasivinnteiiinnesstvantivanivaatiessiustioautinaboucetss V LIST 9)00.
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Yogurt mango powder fermentation Process:. Analyzing the Impact of Freeze-Dried Mango Powder on the Fermentation PIOGESS GIÁ. GB HH er cerenca sass cvacancses suarere ies sat ets eI eta et 24 3. Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Supplemented with Freeze-Dried Mango Powder During Storage.
Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Lactic Acid Bacteria of Yogurt Supplemented with Freeze-Dried Mango Powder During Storage. Analytical Methods for mango powder — contained yogurt. Method for Analyzing Total Acid Confent. Method for determining pH.
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Results of analysis of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of yogurt supplemented with freeze-dried mango during storage:. Analytical results analysis of changes in physicochemical properties and lactic acid bacteria of yogurt supplemented with freeze-dried mango during storage. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 46 Dele GORCIUSIONS suácss6sx6ss8 n0 10016066116168340101061445551959569030054090836E30E1123E03083501168.
46 J8101215)9]00015S72 00B Đố ẽố ốc 47 APPENDIX 0255. 51 VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Sign Meaning AAE Ascorbic acid equivalent 2,2’-azisbonis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonicacid) ABTS diammonium CFU Colony forming unit DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/ World FAO/WHO Health Organization GAE Gallic acid equivalent IU International unit LAB Lactic acid bacteria MSNF Milk solid non-fat NFDM Non-fat dried milk TA Total acidity TPA Texture profile analysis TPC Total polyphenol content TSS Total suspended solids vill LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Color measurement parameters of yOQUIT .--- 5 52+ S22<+2x++ss+zszecsxs 35 Table 4.2 Antioxidant activity of yogurt supplemented with dried mango powder sublimates: during refrigerated ‘Stora 26 :ss¢so:nscsovescnucesanenap 1601 1 00558458/43508484G0438905A.3 Antioxidant compounds of yogurt supplemented with dried mango powder sublimate when stored in cold SfOTAĐ€.4 pH, acidity and total sugar concentration of yogurt supplemented with freeze-dried mango powder during cold storage .5 Color measurement chart of yogurt supplemented with freeze-dried mango 9.ốốốố ốc 43 1X LIST OF FIGURES Pages Figure 3.1 Depicts the general research prOC€SS.2 Yc-x11 microbial CuÏfUT€.3 Materials (a) mango puree bag, (b) mango powder.4 Ingredients for yogurt processing .1 The influence of mango powder on ph during fermentation.2 The influence of freeze-dried mango powder on acid during fermentation. Se oyeeremaursize teva wera ry che ees sn era real een cnean pete irene delopsie else red 36 Figure 4.3 Microbial content in yogurt changes when freeze-dried mango powder is added to the fermentation DTOC€SS. Problem Statement Currently, the development of the food industry is focusing on an important trend: the increasing demand for food that is not only delicious but also beneficial for health.
Among various products receiving significant attention, yogurt is a functional food. This leads to a primary research question: How do we enhance the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of yogurt? Additionally, this study aims to address the issue of surplus mangoes following production, a common challenge in the food industry. Utilizing excess mangoes to produce freeze-dried mango powder helps reduce waste and utilizes food resources to provide a sustainable solution. Furthermore, processing mangoes into powder form helps preserve this ingredient for longer, facilitating its use and minimizing waste.
This development benefits economically and also aids in post-harvest processing and sustainable growth. The current study focuses on the impact of freeze-dried mango powder as an additive to yogurt. Mango, a traditional and beloved fruit in Vietnamese households, is known for its high antioxidant content and rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, E, and minerals such as biotin, carotene, pantothenic acid, niacin, folacin, iron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, copper, magnesium, zinc, selenium, could be a valuable addition. However, its specific impact on the fermentation characteristics and preservation quality of yogurt still needs to be explored.
This research aims to evaluate both quantitatively and qualitatively the influence of freeze-dried mango powder on the antioxidant activity and fermentation characteristics of yogurt during cold storage. Criteria such as pH, lactic acid content, viscosity, and sensory properties of yogurt were thoroughly examined. Additionally, the study were assess changes in antioxidant compounds such as total polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamin C.