UPPSALA UNIVERSITET MASTER THESIS OF MPPM INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO COASTAL ZONE AND MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM AT THE VIEW OF ORGANIZATION Phan Thanh Tuyen Lai The Hung Supervisors: Prof. Lars-Torsten Eriksson PhD Local Supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Manh Hung Class: MPPM INTAKE 6- Group 16 Hanoi, May - 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This thesis completed with the comments of Dr. Nguyen Minh Son, Deputy Director of Institute Environmental Technology (IET), an experienced and devoted researcher on the Integrated Coastal Management.
He gave an appropriate comment on the thesis’ scope so that the authors can catch up time and applied our knowledge to this subject. Two opponent groups (2 and 8), MPPM6 students and the teachers, managers, staffs from University of Economics and Business, Center of International Training & Education, Vietnam National University, Hanoi had frank comments and valuable support to the authors. Specially, the authors are grateful to Prof. Lars-Torsten Eriksson PhD from UPPSALA Universitét and Dr.
Nguyen Manh Hung from Institute of World Economics and Politics ((WEP) who had timely kind-hearted, stern comment and encourage to the authors throughout the process, since the idea development, change of the thesis’ title, thesis outline and the completion. We are would like to thank Prof. Lars-Torsten Eriksson PhD and Dr. Nguyen Manh Hung, Dr.
Nguyen Minh Son, the opponent groups, teachers, coordinators and staff at the Training Department - Center of International Training & Education under University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Due to limited time and knowledge, the thesis can inevitably not reach the best results as expected and may have flawed shortcoming, the authors would like to thank all those who find out mistakes from this thesis. The authors ABSTRACT 1. Titile: Integrated approaches to coastal zone and management in Vietnam at the view of Organization and Coordination mechanism 2. Level: Final assignment for Master Program in Public Management.
Authors: Phan Thanh Tuyen, Lai The Hung 4. Lars-Torsten Eriksson PhD Local supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Manh Hung 5. Date when the thesis is presented: 2013 — May 6.
Aim: The coastal zones play a very important in the socio-economic develoament by their rarity and limited resources. That is why the coastal zones are the convergence points for economic development in almost countries, where economic and society activities happen and it has been influenced by these <ctivities simultaneously. Therefore, in order to manage the coastal zone effectively, many countries in the world including Vietnam has applied the integreted management approach to coastal zone. In Vietnam, the integrated management method faced to difficulties, one of them is lack of a proper organization structure and coordination mechanisms.
Thus, our thesis focused on reszarch to propose solutions of appropriate organizational structure and coordiiation mechanism for an effective implementation of integrated management at the central level as well as local level. Data collection method: In the ‘hesis, the data was selected from two sources: - Primary data: The authors used a set of questionnaires with interviewee are leaders, specialists at the agencies on coastal management in Da Nang and Quang Nam (38 questionaires/ province). - Seccndary data: The documents mentioned at the Technical literature review, includng studies developed by national and international researchers. Aaalysis method: To Jeect shortcoming on organizational structure and coordination mechanism in orcer to avoid repeat and to widen positive factors on the organizational structire and coordination mechanism from 2 ICZM pilot projects mentioned above as well as anticipate problems and opportunities outside ICM organization in cther provinces, the authors used problem/ objectives tools and SWOT model.
The froblem tree and objective tree is in the section 6.2 (page 29 and 31) anc the SWOT model is from the section 6. Results and Conclusions: Through SWOT analysis, problem tree, comparative method and collected documents, our team concentrated on the current ICM structure and coordination mechanisms at both national and local lev:l to point out advantages as well as challenges, weakness in application of ICM structure and coordination mechanisms. Since, our team proposed two opton to develop appropriate organizational structures and coordination me:hanisms on the basis of ICM theoretical framework and current situation in Vietnam.1 Strengths: e at central level: Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands (VASI) under Mistry of Natural Resources and Environent (MoNRE) was established having furion of a national focal agencies on seas and islands. VASI consist of agaicies to support integrated management.
Other agencies in or out MoNRE (Vetnam Environment Administration, General Department of Geology and Mieral Resources, General Department of Land Administration, Directorate of Fisieries, Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, Vietnam Command of Boder Guard,.) joining at different aspects according to their functions. e \t local level: Sub-department/Division of Seas and Islands under De›artment of Natural Resource and Environment (DoNRE) assigned as leading agincies in charge of state management on seas and islands and ICM implementation. Vertically, MoNRE direct DoNRE and VASI support prcvincial Sub-department of Seas and Lands via DoNRE to deal with national ICM problems under their authority. Provincial People’s Committee direct il DoNRE to solve specific problems rising during development, making plan and sector management in their province.
Weakness: e At the central level: - Up to now, an institutional frame for state management activities, coastal management is one of them, was set up at about 15 ministries/agencies. - ICZM coordination mechanism is still having limitations and only serves to sector benefit and single development targets, such as: + Only prioritize economic benefits and pay less attention to environmental and natural resource benefits, particularly long-term interests in the coastal zone. + Just pay much attention to their interests and less attention to the interests of stakeholders and the local community who have rights to benefit from coastal resources. + Lack of coordination between central and local level, as well as across sectors in the same area.
+ Use and manage resource in spontaneous, unplanned manners, pay much attention to exploit serving ambitious developments of sectors. + Increase conflicts of interest in compatible resource use + Divide coastal resource system, broke functions and complete characters of the coastal system, causing environmental problems, ecological economic losses. An appropriate organizational structure and coordination mechanism to settle issue of sustainable development or conflict of interest of multi-sector and multi-target use,.has not been established yet. e At the local level: - 21/28 coastal provinces set up Department of Sea and Island and 7/28 Seas and Islands Divisions in the remain provinces.
- There is no appropriate coordination mechanism implement ICM at central level as well as local level. Lack of policies, technical guidance from central level to implement ICM locally cause difficulties in implementation in the provinces. 1H - in particular, the facilities of the local agencies are not strong enough, failing to meet the requirements of the ICM application. - The coordinating mechanism established in project supported by international organization is suitable for project scale only.
Obviously, some organizational structure and coordinating mechanisms developed in Vietnam are just appropriate for project scal. Coordinating mechanisms between central and local, related ministries are weak and loose. Opportunities: - Scince XXI century, there has had about 380 locations performing ICM and after four decades of practice, ICZM has obtained certain achievements in accordance with the development objectives in coastal areas. - Most Southeast Asian countries had positive response to ICM at least in the period received funding for a pilot project from developing countries and international organizations.
- Da Nang was chosen to implement PEMSEA demonstration project in phase of 2000-2004 as ICM national project and some other international projects as Vietnam - Netherlands on integrated management (VNICZM) was piloted in Nam Dinh, Thua Thien - Hue and Ba Ria - Vung Tau. ICM Project in Quang Ninh - Hai Phong with supports from NOAA is an opportunity for Vietnam to learn about ICZM program implementation, enhance capacity. Based on these results, ICM can replicated in nationwide. Threats - Although ICM approach had been applied in some localities in Vietnam more than 10 years, but many managers in central and local level are not aware of what is integrated management.
- Enhancing and improving awareness of ICM for managers and leaders and local government are very important. - The role of community in ICM process is indispensable. However, the participation of all components from communities, especially specific individuals in community-based activities on ICM process is still limited and not iv positive. On the basis of the theoretical framework of integrated management and the current situation of Vietnam, our team propose two options for building organizational structures and coordination mechanisms in ICM application as brieft description at the two following diagrams: The option I (The National Steering Committee will be chaired by a Deputy Prime Minister.
The Permanent Deputy Head National Steering Committee is a MoNRE Deputy Minister). National Steering VASI/MoNRE eer i Consultation Expt Technical Central level Officer Team Department of Natural Provincial Steering Provincial level Office of provincial eres Sector Officer Team Public participation s ‘Steering Commit : = The option 2 (The National Steering Committee will be chaired by a MoNRE Deputy Minister. The Deputy Head National Steering Committee are Deputy Minister from Ministry of Planning and Investment, Ministry of Science and Technology. Standing member is VASI leader).
Suggestions for future research: In this thesis our team studied only some ICM theories and models at the view of organizational structure and coordination mechanisms to propose an ICM organizational structure and coordination mechanisms at the national level. To apply ICM method widely coastal provinces in Vietnam, it is necessary to study more issues on ICM as policies improvement, human resource development mechanism, communication capacity building for communities. The above problems should be studied by other researchers so that the ICM method to apply in coastal provinces in Vietnam. Contribution of the thesis: In the thesis, our team proposed two options for development of proper structures and coordination mechanisms and hope that the competent authority will chosen one of 2 options to apply in the coming time, so that ICM will be applied and bring maximum benefit to the coastal resources exploitation and ensure sustainability and long-term benefits for coastal communities.
Key words: - Integrated management; - Coastal zone/area; - Organization structure; - Co-ordination mechanism; - Central level; - Local level. VỊ TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT 555 G1260210G36664013V03EEEG3XGEXGGEGYSEVSĂSSEIGSVSSSĐSLGSi4GS4GS151G 03 0ã300333ã4iãxs:GIEGN81\8 02 i ABSTRACT ssssssscssccstsecssacassscastaaacstvicas tae ciesca0ee ae ea OGTR TR aa RTT l ;LÀ B12H/QE CONTENTS HiicigrstzittddgiogrttqsisasttsastasetsElliYEEftlR|tqTti4ttxsattdgpa4tgB vii (ABR.LALLIOINS011400GGLLBNGSAGHEEHNEĐINGIEIGERNGGISSEESRESSEVSSGSSEBS.SSSGS1660Zxggiv60tExEgi86s6taisosiÐÐtfsef ix LIST OF THE FIGURES, DIAGRAMS, CHARTS and MAPS.<<<s<<<<5 x Ts RATIO NAD Ee c0 070000101 201000001850 T4 GGEERNHOEHEOEEEIHOEENICEOHEOIIIEODNIEIIOSEEMNGESEN 1 2. THE OBJECTIVE AND QUESTIONS OF THE STUDY .--< 55 =<<=<<<<<e 3 2b, Whe Obj CCti Ve? b6 àbáággãitaäytaaciãiSöiãt6sSi838650444ããGãi30X80ã6004ã0064838434844636v848/Sãg00088 3 2:2; TRE FÉS€HFCH QUCSHONS sites ccsecastissscscsevetiereastitin eA 3 3. TECHNICAL LITERATURE REVIEW ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF COORDINATION INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT.
International studies on the structure and mechanism of the integrated G025E4111nã2GTHGHE:E:5¿226271420101561g0123308803EE0goS8:E6zEfaggxtWESESESEGISELESTIEEH-EISENESEEEIECSSSEPSUE008 4 S:25,, Wie 11410H121L5EUGISS2550060X8ASIGiGGGGEEHMEEiX36648308X68g0g955g:Euã85SEE242SgggssssssszEifczvi9sRNlufljgiHiftnii 6 4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT sattssccssngtccsinaaiinnanannin nina ma aN aa aetna 7 4. The general concept of integrated coastal manageMeNt .s- «s5 << se se<ss 7 4. The organizationa! structure and coordination mechanisms.
--s «<< « 12 5, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY sisissssssssssscccetiss sssstscnsctenesceatesaoveiwsstsvecsssceveessonsessancsssesense 12 5.14 Data collection Method)? sxsisái:czc8i1ã00354586586533810440ãxããlG6868ã5518ã1XQE855108433642t538983683e6 12 DD iAMALVSIS METH OM c5 iavissccecéessescescssdeczaseaScsecscssveessetessessaleseccibecdusteatessceoesouustsccscecsuseene 12 6. THE ANALYSIS OF ICM STRUCTURE AND COODINATION MECHANISM IN VIETNĂM cao cá case tincetetcaiis 013141y046ã3ã9480461268443689186s865:6101340G1G1880880uisE881011s6030414x6e6xe2 15 6. The current status of ICM structure and coordination mechanism. 15 6:4: 1z: The cusrent Orsani zation, StU CULE sxescascsnacemmure enema Se OS LS 6.
Coordination mechanisms in coastal zone manageMeNt. S@clor MANGSeMeNnt THEGHHIISTIlSiaaagttgoqgiaiisblBllssiasissiGSstlsysliSyllSiGsggsuilgssS: 19 6. Current ICZM’s coordinating mechanism in WÏGÍHQH. Analysis of the ICM organizational structure and coordinating mechanisms .24 602: lạ At the central level nserver Sterner eee een er 24 6.
TNE Weakness sauna weiner eee eRe 26 G2250. “he Opportunities srwiaes oarsmen seme EE TE 29 Ole Jihe Threats eases iateermne meen marrES 30 6. The analysis of survey questionnaires and study of some ICM models. THE PROPOSAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ICM ORGNIZATION STRUCTURE AND COORDINATION MECHANISM IN VIETNAM.