MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A Thesis AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF INVERSION IN “JANE EYRE” PHÂN TÍCH CÁCH DÙNG ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG TIỂU THUYẾT “JANE EYRE” MAI THỊ HỒNG NHUNG Field: English Language Code: 8. Ho Ngoc Trung Hanoi - 2021 HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY 1 M.A Thesis AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF INVERSION IN “JANE EYRE” PHÂN TÍCH CÁCH DÙNG ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG TIỂU THUYẾT “JANE EYRE” MAI THỊ HỒNG NHUNG Field: English Language Code: 8. Ho Ngoc Trung Hanoi - 2021 2 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF INVERSION IN “JANE EYRE”. submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language.
Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis. Hanoi, 2021 MAI THỊ HỒNG NHUNG Approved by SUPERVISOR Assoc. Ho Ngoc Trung Date: …………………… 3 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to my supervisor, Assoc. Ho Ngoc Trung, who has supported and helped me with his suggestions and insightful comments all these months in this difficult undertaking of writing a Master Thesis.
My thanks also are sent to all the teachers of Ha Noi Open University who have taught me with all their heart in unforgettable two years. They have directly or indirectly contributed to the completion of this research. I would also like to give my thanks to friends for their constructive opinions who willingly participated in my study and became part of it. So that I could finish this paper in time.
Last but not least, I must thank my family for the support they provided me during this period. Ha Noi, 2021 MAI THỊ HỒNG NHUNG 4 ABSTRACT Inversion is a special grammatical phenomenon which is related to word order in sentences. At the sentence level, inversion is strictly governed by syntactical rules. This study aims to find out the use of inversion structure in the novel "Jane Eyre" by Bro nte basing on the theoretical framework by Halliday and Hasan (1976).
Firstly, the study analyzed the use of inversion structure in novel Jane Eyre to be aware of the role of inversion in discourse that the speakers emphasize their ideas in English. Secondly, the thesis pointed out that inversion constructions help to create a fertile environment for textual cohesion, where cohesive devices tend to be used for discourse connection. Moreover, the thesis is a useful resource for businesses, employees, teachers, and students who are interested in writing in the workplace and in communication and overcoming these problems. There are 3 questions in the study.
Which forms of inversion are used in “Jane Eyre”? 2. What are the discourse functions of English inversion in the novel? 3. What are some suggestions for studying inversion in English? With the main methods are the descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approach. Quantitative method can involve collecting quantitative information, involves gathering mass of raw data from different powerful sources.
Furthermore, among different types of inversion structure, subject – predicator inversion is accounted in this novel with 111 cases and Subject – verb operator appears 394 times in the total, which shows that the text is highly cohesive. The research findings show that inversion structures are used in a very high rate to express the strong idea and connect the text together as well as textual cohesion and thematic development. In other words, inversion structures are used in the novel helps depict the writing style of literary documents in general and of Jane Eyre in particular. 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A Adverbial A.
N Negative adverbial A only Adverbial beginning with only A place Adverbial of place Be Be as verb C Complement Op Operator Q-element Clause element containing the Q- word Q-word Interrogative word S Subject S1 The subject in the first clause S2 The subject in the second clause E.g For example Square brackets ( ) enclosing a number indicate the number of the example used 6 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 3.1 : 58 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate o originality i Acknowledgements ii Table of contents iii Abstract iv List of abbreviations v List of tables and figures Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 11 1. Methods of the study 12 1. Scope of the study 13 1. Significance of the study 14 1.
Structure of the study 14 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2. Review of previous studies 15 2. The concept of discourse 15 2.1 What is discourse? 15 2. Discourse versus text 16 2.
Spoken and written discourse 17 +. Discourse and the sentence 19 2. The role of grammar in discourse 19 2. The concept of cohesion 20 2.
What is cohesion? 2. Cohesion and coherence 20 2. Lexical cohesion 22 + repetition + synonymy + contextual synonymy + meronymy + collocation + general words 2. The concept of inversion 23 2.
What is inversion? 23 2. Inversion & Theme - Rheme structure 25 2. The role of inversion in discourse structure 27 2. Inversion as a source of cohesion in discourse 28 2.
Stylistic features of inversion 28 2. Classification of Inversion 29 2.1 Subject – Verb Inversion 29 2.1 Inversion with the initial here 29 2. Inversion with the initial there 30 2. Inversion in reported speech 32 2.
Inversion in formulae 33 2. Inversion with initial adverbials (of place) 33 2. Subject – operator inversion 34 2. Inversion in questions 34 2.
Inversion in command with question tags 38 2. Inversion in exclamations 39 2. Inversion in statements 39 + Inversion in sentence with ―if‖ + Inversion after ―as‖ + Inversion after ―neither, nor‖ + Inversion after ―so‖ + Inversion after adverbials with initial ―only‖ 2.5 Inversion in negative adverbials 42 9 + Inversion after ―Seldom, Rarely, Never‖ + Inversion after adverbials containing the word ―No‖ 2. Summary 44 Chapter 3: THE USE OF INVERSION IN “JANE EYRE” 3.
Forms of inversion used in “Jane Eyre” 46 3. Subject – predicator inversion 46 3. Subject – operator inversion 48 3. The discourse functions of English inversion in the novel.
Creating anaphoric grammatical cohesion 59 3. Creating cataphoric grammatical cohesion. Creating lexical cohesion 61 3. The dual function of the initial element.
The role of inversion in thematic development. Implication of the study for the effective learning of inversion in English 66 3. Summary 67 Chapter 4: CONCLUSION 69 4. Limitation of the research 71 4.
Recommendations/Suggestions for further research 72 REFERENCES 73 10 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1. RATIONALE Literature always plays an essential role in most people‟s spirit life. Though the explosion of information and the revolution of high technology, especially the internet, for a few recent decades, have given us various kinds of entertainments, literature still one of the oldest and most favorite ways of entertaining, learning and experiencing life. Besides, every literary works reflects authors‟ talents, one of that is the way they use the language to express their ideas and to impress the readers.
There are many ways the writers have been using to make the language become such a valuable and flexible means of transferring ideas. Sometimes, a simple way of forming a sentence or a bit strange order of words can make the ideas become so impressive and unforgettable. Inversion is one of those ways which creates great effects for literary works. Inversio n, as it may seem, is simply a reversal of what is considered the normal or usual order of the constituent parts.
In fact, to English learners, it is not easy to understand and use inversion correctly. Inversion is used a lot in English as well as Vietname se literature, especially in literature works. Many writers prefer to use it as both a grammatical structure and literary device because it is able to make readers come to the same idea with new ways of approaching, so that things will seem to be new and more impressive. Moreover, in order to use inversion in their works, the authors must take into account the skill of using the language, how to organize and develop their writing.
They must choose the right sentences and ideas to apply this stylistic device that it will promote the best effect, otherwise the sentences will be so tangled and difficult for the readers to understand what the authors want to reveal. One strong motivation for my choice is the fact that the use of inversion in literature has a great appeal to most of readers. Right when readers look at a phrase or sentence in which there is a strange order of words (or a group of words), they will think that there must be something special about this point that the author wants them to notice. Therefore, inversion somehow immediately draws readers‟ attention to the exact point that the writer emphasizes.
Another interesting thing about inversion is that there are grammatical rules for reversing words for phrases, but many writers also create their own ways which often give stronger effect for being unexpected. For this reason, I would like to carry out my research on the topic “AN 11 ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF INVERSION IN JANE EYRE”. This thesis is conducted with the hope that the research result will provide certain linguistically useful practical knowledge for teachers and learners of English especially students majoring in English as well as those who are interested in this field. Theoretically, this can help the language researchers and learners understand more the use of inversion in literary works written by some writers from the 19th century to contemporary time.
The result of the study could partly contribute to study and translate inversion structures in a correct way. Practically, the result of the study could be used in the teaching and learning English inversion at schools and universities. As for teachers, this study will be a good reference of the use of inversion. As for students, they will have better understanding of those inversion employed in the analyzed works and will be able to capture the implications of the works.
As for translators, they will be more aware of similarities and differences in translating the inverted structures.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1. Aims This research is basically aimed at analyzing the use of inversion and its discourse function in the novel “Jane Eyre” to help the Vietnamese learners of English better understand the use of inversion at the discourse level. Objectives With the above-mentioned purposes, the objectives of this study are: - Investigating cases of inversion used in “Jane Eyre”; - Exploring the discourse functions of inversion used in the novel; - Putting forward some recommendations for studying inversion in English. Which forms of inversion are used in “Jane Eyre”? 2.
What are the discourse functions of English inversion in the novel? 3. What are some suggestions for studying inversion in English? 1. METHODS OF THE STUDY The research is conducted with references from the diverse reliable sources such as books, MA thesis in which related to inversion in English. 12 Beside that, I also used novel “Jane Eyre” which helps me find out how inversion structure used in English in general and in this novel in particular.
Totally, there are two main kinds of inversion in English, Subject- Verb inversion and Subject – operator inversion. - Research method The main aim of the study is pointing out how often inversion structure appears in the novel. In addition, some implications for studying English inversion correctly is given here. Therefore, to achieve the aims stated, quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in the study, which mainly use qualitative methods.
Using qualitative methods to analyze the use of inversion in “Jane Eyre”. • Research approaches: quantitative and qualitative approaches Descriptive analysis is carried out throughout the study.