MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING UNIVERSITY GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 HÀ MỸ TÂM HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING UNIVERSITY GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 Full name: HÀ MỸ TÂM Student code: 050608200610 Class: HQ8-GE07 SUPERVISOR DR. NGUYỄN THỊ NHƯ QUỲNH HO CHI MINH CITY, 2014 i ABSTRACT The thesis was conducted with the purpose of identifying factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. Research data includes data from financial statements of 25 commercial banks from 2013 to 2022. The thesis used quantitative research methods of regression analysis using panel data with 3 methods: Pooled OLS, FEM and REM.
After comparing and selecting models, the author checks the phenomena of autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and endogeneity. Finally, use the generalized method of moments (GMM) to fix it. The thesis has found that factors affect bank stability in the positive direction, including bank size (SIZE) and capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and factors that affect bank stability in the negative direction, including non-performing loan (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), non-interest income (NII), inflation (INF) and economic growth rate (GDP). In addition, the impact of return on equity (ROE) is not statistically significant in this thesis.
From there, the author presented and discussed the research results, and proposed some recommendations and policy implications to help improve stability for Vietnamese commercial banks. ii TÓM TẮT Luận án được thực hiện với mục đích xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến sự ổn định tài chính của các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu bao gồm dữ liệu từ báo cáo tài chính của 25 ngân hàng thương mại từ năm 2013 đến năm 2022. Luận án sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng là phân tích hồi quy sử dụng dữ liệu bảng với 3 phương pháp: Pooled OLS, FEM và REM.
Sau khi so sánh và lựa chọn mô hình, tác giả kiểm định các hiện tượng tự tương quan, phương sai thay đổi và hiện tượng nội sinh. Cuối cùng, sử dụng phương pháp tổng quát khoảnh khắc (GMM) để khắc phục. Luận án đã phát hiện các nhân tố tác động đến sự ổn định ngân hàng theo hướng tích cực, bao gồm quy mô ngân hàng (SIZE) và tỷ lệ an toàn vốn (CAR), và các nhân tố tác động đến sự ổn định ngân hàng theo hướng tiêu cực, bao gồm nợ xấu (NPL), nợ xấu cho vay. tỷ lệ tiền gửi (LDR), thu nhập ngoài lãi (NII), lạm phát (INF) và tốc độ tăng trưởng kinh tế (GDP).
Ngoài ra, tác động của tỷ suất lợi nhuận trên vốn chủ sở hữu (ROE) không có ý nghĩa thống kê trong luận án này. Từ đó, tác giả trình bày, thảo luận các kết quả nghiên cứu, đồng thời đề xuất một số khuyến nghị, hàm ý chính sách giúp nâng cao tính ổn định cho các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam. iii COMMITMENTS My name is Ha My Tam, student code is 050608200610. I am in class HQ8-GE07, study at Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City.
I hereby declare that my graduation thesis with the topic “Factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnam ese commercial banks” was written by myself and with the support of Dr. Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh. The results are compiled by the author from collecting data and running model, not copied from any documents. The content in the article has not been presented anywhere.
The data and citations included in the thesis are clearly and honestly noted as sources. I will take responsibility for my commitment. Ho Chi Minh City, 2024 Author iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT First, I would like to thank the Board of Directors and all lecturers at Ho Chi Minh City Banking University. During my time studying at this school, the teachers dedicatedly taught and helped me a lot.
From there, that I can fully equip specialized knowledge as well as related skills helped me successfully complete this graduation thesis. In particular, I would like to sincerely thank my instructor Dr. Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh for wholeheartedly guiding me throughout the process of writing and defending my graduation thesis. Although this period only lasts 3 months, her enthusiastic and dedicated guidance helped me complete this graduation thesis more easily.
To achieve what I have today, I would like to thank my family, siblings and friends who have supported me during the past time. This support has created motivation for me to complete this graduation thesis. Finally, I would like to wish the lecturers of Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, especially Dr. Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh, always have good health, happiness and achieve many successes.
v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. v LIST OF ACRONYMS. viii LIST OF TABLES.ix LIST OF GRAPHICS .ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. REASONS FOR CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC.
SCOPE AND OBJECT OF THE RESEARCH. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE RESEARCH. STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH. 4 CONCLUSION OF THE CHAPTER 1.
5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definition of financial stability and financial instability. Definition of banking stability. The role and significance of banking stability.
Measuring banking stability. FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL STABILITY OF BANK. Researches in Vietnam. 18 CONCLUSION OF THE CHAPTER 2.
25 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. General research model. Explain variables in the research model and develop research hypotheses. 39 CONCLUSION OF THE CHAPTER 3.
40 CHAPTER 4: ANALYZE RESEARCH RESULTS. STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES IN THE RESEARCH MODEL. DISCUSSION ABOUT RESEARCH RESULTS .2 Return on equity (ROE). Non-performing loan (NPL).
Capital adequacy ratio (CAR). Loan to deposit ratio (LDR). Non-interest income (NII). Economic growth rate (GDP).
Lagged variable of banking stability (l. 56 CONCLUSION OF THE CHAPTER 4. LIMITING FURTHER RESEARCH DIRECTIONS. 64 CONCLUSION OF THE CHAPTER 5.
69 viii LIST OF ACRONYMS Number Acronyms Means 1 CAR Capital adequacy ratio 2 FEM Fixed effects model 3 GDP Economic growth rate 4 GMM Generalized method of moments 5 INF Inflation 6 LDR Loan to deposit ratio 7 NII Non-interest income 8 NPL Non-performing loan 9 Pooled OLS Pooled ordinary least square 10 REM Random effects model 11 ROE Return on equity 12 VAMC Vietnam asset management company 13 VIF Variance inflation factor ix LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Describe the dependent variable, independent variable, and expected sign .1: Results of descriptive statistics .3: Results of multicollinearity test .4: Results of Pooled OLS, FEM, REM regression models .5: Result of F test.6: Result of Hausman test…………………………………………………….7: Result of Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test………………….8: Result of heteroskedasticity test .9: Result of autocorrelation test .10: Results of Wu-Hausman test .11: Results of using GMM method .12: Summary of research results……………………………………………58 LIST OF GRAPHICS Figure 3.1: Research implementation process. REASONS FOR CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC For any financial system in the world, commercial banks play an important role in providing the main source of capital for the economy, promoting the development of production forces, and acting as a bridge between businesses and markets. Therefore, the stability of commercial banks will greatly affect the "health" of the economy. In recent years, the banking industry has often faced many risk factors such as credit risk, market risk, and operational risk.
This not only causes financial losses, and reduces the market value of bank capital, but can cause the bank's business to suffer losses, even bankruptcy. To face challenges as well as grasp opportunities from trends, Vietnamese commercial banks must always adjust and build business strategies by the constant fluctuations in each period to achieve effective goals, creating a strong financial system, improving competitiveness, and international integration. From the review of previous studies, we can see that most of the studies only focus on analyzing the influence of certain factors on a bank's financial stability such as globalization (Yin, 2019), competitiveness of banks (Võ Xuân Vinh & Đặng Bửu Kiếm, 2016), foreign ownership (Lee & Hsieh, 2014),. A small number of other studies have simultaneously looked at the impact of many factors affecting the financial stability of the banking system.
On the side of studies in the world such as the study of Fu et al. only considered and applied in regions and countries outside the territory of Vietnam. As for the studies for the data set in Vietnam such as the study of Lê Ngọc Quỳnh Anh et al. (2020), they use an old and newly updated data set to 2018.
Based on an overview of the current research situation, the author chose the topic "Factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks" as the research topic based on the latest data set at the present to have a more accurate and consistent view of the current situation of the Vietnamese commercial banking system. General objectives The general objective of the thesis is identifying and measuring the impact of factors on financial stability of commercial banks in Vietnam. From there, the thesis suggests several appropriate recommendations to improve the financial stability of the Vietnamese commercial banking system in the future. Specific objectives To achieve the above objectives, the thesis gradually completes the following specific objectives: First, identify factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks.
Second, measure the level of impact and direction of impact on factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. Third, proposes relevant policy implications to improve the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. RESEARCH QUESTIONS To achieve these research objectives, the author responds to the following research questions: First, what factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks? Second, how do these factors impact the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks? Third, what are the policy implications to improve the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks through those factors? 1. SCOPE AND OBJECT OF THE RESEARCH Research object The research object of the thesis is the factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks.
3 Research scope Scope of time: The study uses 10-year data from 2013 to 2022. This is the period when the researchers published enough data for the study. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic that appeared at the end of 2019 has greatly affected the economy in general and the operations of banks in particular. From there, the thesis has an overview of the factors affecting the financial stability of Vietnamese banks during this period of economic fluctuations.
Scope of space: The author based the thesis on data collected from 25 banks because these banks have published data fully and transparently, facilitating the process of data collection and financial reporting. Their records have been audited so they can guarantee the accuracy of their data. At the time of the study, these 25 commercial banks represent 70% of all commercial banks and 83% of all charter capital. Thus, the list of selected banks ensures the representativeness of Vietnamese banks.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The author uses secondary data collected from published annual financial reports of Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2013–2022. Based on the ability to collect data, the author has selected 25 banks as a research sample. From there, the author calculated and classified the independent and dependent variables of individual banks, including 250 observations. To analyze the factors affecting the financial stability of commercial banks, the author makes estimates with three models: (i) Pooled OLS, (ii) FEM and (iii) REM.
Next, the author provides a comparison between the results of each regression method through tests such as F-test, Hausman, Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier to select the most suitable model.