MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE MASTER THESIS IN ENGLISH Binh Dinh - 2019 e MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE FIELD : English Linguistics CODE : 8 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc. NGUYỄN TẤT THẮNG e BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN VÕ THỊ THU HẰNG NGHIÊN CỨU ẨN DỤ TRI NHẬN TRONG KHẨU HIỆU BẢO VỆ MÔI TRƯỜNG BẰNG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số : 8 22 02 01 Người hướng dẫn: PGS. NGUYỄN TẤT THẮNG e I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby certify that the thesis entitled AN INVESTIGATION INTO METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of English Linguistics at Quy Nhon University. I confirm that this thesis has not been submitted for any other degrees.
Except where reference is made in the text of the research paper, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole, or in part from paper by which I have qualified for or been award another degree or diploma. Moreover, no other person's work has been used without acknowledgement in the research. Student's signature Võ Thị Thu Hằng e II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In completion of this thesis, I would particularly like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Nguyễn Tất Thắng for his continuous support, valuable sources of materials, insightful comments, constructive criticism and endless patience throughout my work.
This thesis would not be completed without his assistance, enthusiastic and instructive supervision. My special thanks go as well as to Dr. Hà Thanh Hải who gave me integral lectures and guidance which provided me with a solid foundation to do this research. I would also like to extend my thanks to the Department of Foreign Languages at Quy Nhon University for their help in offering me the resources in carrying out the study.
Last but not least, I would like to show my gratitude to my family and my friends who gave me encouragement, support and regard so that I could accomplish my research. Võ Thị Thu Hằng July, 2019 e III ABSTRACT This thesis investigated of Conceptual Metaphors and compared the similarities and the differences in conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment between English and Vietnamese. From the view of cognitive linguistic, this research is carried out to find out three types of conceptual metaphors including structural metaphors, ontological metaphors, orientational metaphors and the similarities and the differences in these slogans. The research is theoretically based on conceptual metaphors of Lakoff and Johnson (1980).
The methods were combined in this thesis including qualitative, quantitative, comparative and inductive method in order to make the research achieve its purpose. Furthermore, this study also suggested implications that need to be studied in teaching and learning conceptual metaphors. e IV TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. III TABLE OF CONTENTS.
IV LIST OF TABLES. SCOPE OF THE STUDY. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS.
REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES. Classification of Conceptual metaphors. FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN THE SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE. Conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English. Conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese. THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN SLOGANS ON SAVING ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE IN TERMS OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS. IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING. LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY. 94 e VI LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Types of conceptual metaphors and their occurrence frequency used in slogans on saving environment in English ………………………………. Types of conceptual metaphors and their occurrence frequency used in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………. Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………. Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………….
Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………. The use of personification metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English……………………………………………………. The use of entity metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English………………………………………………………………………. The use of the substance metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English…………………………………………………………………….
The use of container metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English………………………………………………………………………. The frequency of structural metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English……………………………………………………. The frequency of orientational metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English……………………………………………………. Subtypes of ontological metaphor and their occurrence frequency in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………….
The use of personification metaphor in slogans on saving environment in English……………………………………………………. The use of container metaphor in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese………………………………………………………………. The use of entity metaphor in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………………………………………………. The frequency of structural metaphors in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese………………………………………………….
The frequency of orientational metaphors in slogans on saving environment in Vietnamese…………………………………………………. The frequency of structural metaphors, ontological metaphors and orientation metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English and Vietnamese…………………………………………………………………72 Table 19. The similar conceptual metaphors in English slogans and Vietnamese slogans on saving environment………………………………74 Table 20. The different conceptual metaphors in English slogans and Vietnamese slogans on saving environment……………………………….1 Rationale “Metaphor lives a secret life all around us.
We utter about six metaphors a minute. Metaphorical thinking is essential to how we understand ourselves and others, how we communicate, learn, discover and invent. But metaphor is a way of thought before it is a way with words.” (James Geary) According to James Geary (2014) it can be seen that metaphor is a rhetorical figure with figurative languages used in music, poetry, literature, advertising to give special effects toward readers, hearers. Metaphor appears a lot in our lives.
The frequency of metaphor also appears a lot in each person's daily speech. Thanks to metaphoric thinking, we can understand ourselves and the message of others. In a song, we can enjoy the tune without understanding the meaning of this song. For instance Vietnamese people can hear and feel the tunes of English songs, French songs and Korean songs.
However, when reading a story, if we still do not understand the meaning of the choice of language’s author, it will be really a pity. What are the best ways to have effective and successful literacy works? One of the choices is applying good use of rhetorical devices, e. personification, simile, metaphor, metonymy, etc. Among these devices, metaphor, one of the effective tools, is widely used to empower words in many works.
Therefore, metaphors play a very important role in language use in almost every field of life. It is a common phenomenon in language, always attracting the attention of scholars in various fields such as linguistics, learning styles, psychology, literature studies and so on. From the most recent point of view, the perspective of cognitive linguistics has great influence on e 2 metaphorical researchers. They believe that metaphor is a way of thinking of the whole linguistic community, and there is also a metaphorical network in which human thinking must rely on.
Furthermore, from the point of view of Lakoff and Johnson (1980), we find that in the process of development, any natural language uses metaphors as a tool for semantic development. At the same time, metaphors are also a means of thinking for people to describe the world, to realize the world’s perception, to transform the world and create the spirit. For instance, from “The pangs of the Earth”, Dang Thao said: [1] “The Earth cried and asked the God Why do I have to suffer these pangs? In the old days, people learned little but understood a lot Today, everyone is fully educated Each year the waste is full I can't stand it anymore God.” And “The God cried and answered” [2] “The Earth please understood me Day and night I also mourned for my pangs Now, my eyes are sluggish A lot of toxic smoke flew up My nose also suffocated Probably my health is no longer permanent Oh my dear! Are you going to live longer?” (Dang Thao - The God cried and answered) Through the above two examples, the writes uses metaphorical rhetoric to refer The Earth and the God, non-human objects, are portrayed as a person e 3 with ability to act like human such as crying, asking, enduring, answering, understanding, living, etc. They have been used very vividly in order to make the poems become closer to human.
For both poems, the author has described the Earth and the God that have the full characteristics of people, even acting like humans. In addition, the God also has human body parts such as eyes and nose in “Now, my eyes are sluggish” and “My nose also suffocated”. Therefore, metaphors are used to express how character’s Earth and God and help people image as well as understand the current environment’ s danger in order to have better environmental protection measures. Metaphor is considered as a powerful instrument in communication because they help us observe the world we live in and give us new viewpoints of things around us thanks to new meanings, new ideas.
Nowadays, the problems of environmental pollution are hot topic on newspaper and receive a lot of people’s attention. The way we are destroying environment will lead to the destruction of life on this earth. Therefore, it is necessary that we should save environment and everyone should contribute to the cause and should do something to save environment. The best way to encourage others for the cause of saving the environment is to write and share some short effective messages on saving the environment, like some slogans on saving environment.
Furthermore, at present, although there have been several studies using conceptual metaphor for analyzing texts in terms of cognitive linguistics, a contrastive study about conceptual metaphors in slogans on saving environment in English and Vietnamese has not been carried out based on the light of cognitive linguistics. With the above mentioned reasons in mind, I decide to choose to carry out “An investigation into metaphors in slogans on saving environment in e 4 English and Vietnamese”. Aim The thesis aims to find out conceptual metaphors used in the slogans on saving environment by English and Vietnamese in the framework of cognitive linguistics especially the semantics raised by Lakoff and Jonhson (1980). Additionally, the study also compares conceptual metaphors between the slogans on saving environment in English and Vietnamese from the point of view of cognitive linguistics.
Objectives This study is intended to fulfill the following objectives: - The first one is to identify and classify the conceptual metaphors used in slogans on saving environment in English and Vietnamese in cognitive semantics perspective. - The second objective is to compare and contrast the similarities and the differences of the types conceptual metaphors used in English and Vietnamese’s slogans. Research Questions In order to achieve the aims and objectives of the study, the following research questions should be answered: 1. What types of conceptual metaphors in the slogans about saving the environment in English and Vietnamese? 2.
What is the frequency of the metaphors in the slogans about saving the environment in English and Vietnamese? 3. What are the similarities and differences in the types of conceptual metaphors in slogans about saving the environment in English language and those in Vietnamese? e 5 1.