VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY –HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS & LITERATURE INVESTIGATING ERRORS RELATED TO ENGLISH SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT A CASE STUDY AT TAY NINH TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE Submitted to the Faculty of English Linguistics & Literature in partial fulfillment of the Master’s degree in TESOL By PHAM THI HONG DAO Supervised by DOAN HUE DUNG, Ph.D HO CHI MINH CITY, JANUARY 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have been longing to write the acknowledgements. I would like to express my sincere gratitude for those who helped me to survive all the hardship to complete the thesis. I sincerely thank Dr. Doan Hue Dung, my supervisor, for her patience in reading, commenting on all the drafts of this thesis and giving me advice on the collection of data.
Her comments and guidance have helped me to complete this study. I am greatly grateful to my colleagues and my friends for their care and encouragement, as well as to all the lecturers of the Faculty of English Linguistics and Literature of the Ho Chi Minh University of Social Sciences and Humanities for their lectures. I wish to thank my students for their willingness to fulfill the tests, the questionnaires and the interviews. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my Grandmother and my parents, who have been giving me unspoken care and great encouragement.
Their optimism, encouragement and concern for me have strengthened me to continue my thesis. i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP This thesis is submitted for the Master’s degree of TESOL in the Faculty of English Linguistics and Literature at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City National University. Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no materials published elsewhere or extracted in whole, or in part from a thesis by which I have been awarded with another degree or diploma. No other author’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis.
This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any diploma in any other tertiary institution. TAY NINH, VIET NAM, 2014 PHAM THI HONG DAO ii RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, PHAM THI HONG DAO, being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL, accept the requirement of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s Theses deposited in the Library. In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan or reproduction of theses. TAY NINH, VIET NAM, 2014 PHAM THI HONG DAO iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.
Background of the study. Aims of the study. Overview of the study. 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Error analysis in language teaching. Error and mistakes. Source of errors. Account of subject- verb agreement errors.
The influence of Vietnamese on the acquisition of subject-verb agreement. Plurality of noun in Vietnamese. Plurality of noun in English. The diagnostic test.
Method of data analysis. Summary of the chapter. 34 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. What types of subject-verb agreement errors are commonly made by the Non-English majored students at Tay Ninh Teacher Training College?.
SVA with the subject containing irregular nouns. SVA with the subject containing indefinite expression of amount. SVA with the subject containing intervening expression. S VA with the subject having correlative conjunction “either…or”, “neither…nor”.
SVA with the subject containing noun of amount as single units. SVA with the subject joined by “and”. SVA with the subject modified by a prepositional phrase. SVA with the subject as a collective noun.
SVA with the subject as the 3rd person singular subject. SVA with the subject modified by a relative clause. What are the main causes to subject-verb agreement errors made by Non-English majored students at Tay Ninh Teacher Training College?. 74 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION.
Contribution of the study. Limitation and suggestion for further study. 88 APPENDIX 1: Diagnostic test. 88 APPENDIX 2: Questionnaire for students.
91 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning AE error analysis SLA second language acquisition TG target language L1 the first language L2 the second language NP noun phrase SVA subject-verb agreement SS singular-singular PL plural-singular SP singular-plural PP plural-plural Sg singular Pl plural vii LIST OF TABLES Table page Table 1: Common rules of plural formation in English. 21 Table 2: The Formation of Plurals in Vietnamese and English. 23 Table 3: Percentage of students committed errors on categories of SVA. 36 Table 4: Students’ performance on the SVA with the subject containing irregular nouns.
39 Table 5: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject containing indefinite expression of amount. 42 Table 6: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject containing intervening expression. 44 Table 7: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject having correlative conjunction either…or”, “neither…nor”. 45 Table 8: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject containing noun of amount as single units.
46 Table 9: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject joined by “and”. 48 Table 10: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject modified by a prepositional phrase. 50 Table 11: Students’ performance on sentence 31, 32. 54 Table 12: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject as a collective noun.
56 Table 13: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject as the 3rd person singular subject. 58 viii Table 14: Students’ performance on SVA with the subject modified by a relative clause. 61 Table 15: Causes of the difficulties with English SVA. 63 Table 16: The influence of Vietnamese on the acquisition of English SVA.
64 Table 17: The case in which the students commit errors. 66 Table 18: Some difficulties the students have in dealing with English SVA. 67 Table 19: Students’ opinion on the teaching of SVA. ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure page Figure 1: Percentage of errors committed in 4 conditions.
51 Figure 2: Percentage of errors in sentence 40, 41. 53 x ABSTRACT This study was intended to investigate the common subject-verb agreement errors made by non English majored students at Tay Ninh Teacher Training College as well as to explore the causes to these errors. This study also aimed at exploring difficulties that students have when performing grammatical exercises. The source of the data consists of the diagnostic test, the questionnaire and the interview.
The results showed that despite the simplicity of the grammatical rules, students still face great challenges when applying these simple rules. It also revealed that errors occur due to an interaction of interlingual and intralingual factors. On the basic of the findings, it is recommended that grammar should be taught explicitly to students to help them improve their grammatical competence in general and English subject-verb agreement in particular. xi Chapter I INTRODUCTION This chapter thoroughly presents (1) the background of the study, (2) the rationales of the study, (3) the aim of the study and (4) the overview of the study.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY English is the language of science, trade, communication and technology.
Therefore, Vietnamese work force needs to have competences in English language in order to keep pace with current global development. However, learning English is not easy at all, especially for adult learners those who have already acquired their mother tongue. It is of course not surprising that EFL/ESL students, especially at the beginning or even the upper intermediate level tend to make errors in their English production process. With the introduction on communicative language teaching the perception of learners’ errors has changed because errors are now considered part and parcel of language acquisition.
Errors committed by learners revealed the true state of learners’ language proficiency of the new language they are learning at a particular point of time. Errors also revealed what the learners do not know and what they have internalized of the new language system. There is one useful research technique called Error Analysis which focuses on the errors learners commit. In fact, studying the nature of errors enables the researchers to have a better understanding of the linguistic area where the learners of foreign language have the most difficulty.
This fact has led to a large number of researches on adult language learning in 1 general and error analysis in particular. Many findings showed that “although interference from a student’s first language is the major predictor of phonological errors, interference errors are only one of the types of errors found in the syntax, morphology and lexicon of student’s speech and writing in the target language” (Burt, 1975:54). Therefore, linguists and language teachers have recognized the important role that a mother tongue language has in the acquisition of a second or foreign language. On the other hand, the occurrence of errors during the L2 learning process may be due to either the pressure of the patterns of the mother tongue or imperfect learning of the new L2 patterns.
Knowledge of grammar has been one of the most actively discussed questions in language and literacy pedagogy. When grammar is concerned, the knowledge occurs in different stages in a person’s language development. In order to perform certain language tasks, relevant grammatical structures need to be mastered by a beginner. He only needs to comprehend some rules enough to use them, like the basic rules of SVA and to know how to apply the rules in forming sentences.
As for students at the upper level, they probably need to be able to understand the rule of SVA in depth and discuss the grammatical problems with their teachers. Despite its difficulty for learners, SVA is one of the basic grammatical knowledge every learner must acquire in order to communicate fluently and effectively in English both in written and spoken form. However, a large number of the students at Tay Ninh Teacher Training College face great difficulty in this area. 2 This leads to many problems when the students have to deal with SVA exercises or writing assignments.
Realizing the issues mentioned above, it is important to obtain data on the problems of SVA faced by the learners as it is one of the most important components in grammar. And this will determine what action needs to be taken in the teaching and learning grammar.2 RATIONALES In the EFL/ESL context, knowledge of grammar becomes an issue of intense community interest, evident in media discussion, especially by those who are concerned with the standard of English language learning and teaching. It cannot be denied that communicating the meaning of the message is important, it must be noted that accuracy in language production is equally crucial. Therefore, learners should also be aware of the rule system of the target language in order to be a proficient user of the language.
Despite going through the same curriculum, in Tay Ninh province the level of English proficiency in rural schools is much lower than the level in the urban schools. At Tay Ninh Teacher Training College it is obligatory for the students to take English subject and must pass it in order to continue the next level. In English, grammar rules are very important and have to be mastered by all learners. In the topic of SVA the subject must agree with the verb.
Singular subject is followed by singular verb and plural subject takes a plural verb. This is a general rule for SVA which is also represented by its sub-rules. However, based on the observation, it is 3 obvious that students make mistakes in both general and sub-general of SVA in their writing as well as in their grammatical task.