VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ------------------- DINH DUY LE AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SAMCO PRIMAS BUS’S RIDE COMFORT BY USING THE QUARTER CAR MODEL WITH LINEAR ASYMMETRIC DAMPER Discipline: Vehicle Engineering Major code: 8520116 MASTER’S THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, July, 2022 THIS RESEARCH IS COMPLETED AT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY – VNU – HCM CITY Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph.D Examiner 1: Hồng Đức Thông, Ph.D Examiner 2: Nguyễn Văn Trạng, Ph.D Master’s thesis was defended at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM on July 26th, 2022. The board of the Master’s Thesis Defense Council includes: 1. Chairman: Lê Đình Tuân, Assoc. Member: Võ Tấn Châu, Ph.
Secretary: Lê Tất Hiển, Assoc. Reviewer 1: Hồng Đức Thông, Ph. Reviewer 2: Nguyễn Văn Trạng, Ph.D Verification of the Chairman of the Master’s Thesis Defense Council and the Dean of Faculty of Transportation Engineering after the thesis being corrected (If any). CHAIRMAN DEAN - FACULTY OF OF THE COUNCIL TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY Independence – Freedom - Happiness UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THE TASK SHEET OF MASTER’S THESIS Full name: Lê Đình Duy Studen code: 1870435 Date of Birth: 07/07/1996 Place of birth: Tiền Giang Major: Vehicle Engineering Major code: 8520116 I.
THESIS TOPIC: An investigation of the samco primas bus’s ride comfort by using the quarter car model with linear asymmetric damper. ĐỀ TÀI LUẬN VĂN : Phân tích, đánh giá độ êm dịu của xe khách Samco Primas bằng mô hình động lực học ¼ xe với giảm chấn thay đổi. TASKS AND CONTENTS: 1. Research on theoretical basis of the dynamic model with the asymmetric damper.
Calculate for both cases of random road profile and single bump road profile. Conduct simulation, analysis accordance with the suspension system's ride comfort and safety standards. Get full understanding of the effect of asymmetric damper on the ride comfort, safety and hanlding control of the suspension system. TASKS STARTING DATE: September 06th, 2021.
TASKS ENDING DATE: July 14th 2022. INSTRUCTOR: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. Ho Chi Minh City, July 14th 2022. INSTRUCTOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT (Full name & Signature) (Full name & Signature) DEAN - FACULTY OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (Full name & Signature) i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my mentor Dr.
Huu Nhan TRAN who instructed me throughout my work. His motivation, patience, direct involvement in the research topic and, above all, friendly nature helped me to complete this work. His vibration expertise in the automotive engineering field helped me at solving a large number of points throughtout this research. I appreciate the guidance he offered me attain a higher level of maturity in my research work.
Futhermore, his valuable suggestions regarding different aspects of life will be helpful, and his insightful advice on several aspects of life will benefit me throughout my career path. Next, I would like to thank all Faculty of Transportation Engineering members for supporting me in procedures and carrying out experiments during my Research-based Master’s Program. I am also indebted to my family, without their cooperation and financial support, pursuing a Master’s degree would have been impossible. Apart from these people, I am grateful to other departments at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology for helping me with some computational problem that I faced in my research.
Finally, I acknowledge Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM for supporting this study. I thank them all. Ho Chi Minh City, July, 2022 Researcher, Lê Đình Duy Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. ii ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the Samco Primas bus’s ride comfort by using a quarter car model with both linear symmetric damper and linear asymmetric one.
The linear asymmetric damper’s effects on the ride comfort, safety, and handling were investigated to get a deeper understanding of the suspension system design processes of an inner city Samco Primas bus. The dynamic responses were analyzed for both two cases of linear symmetric and linear asymmetric dampers using the quarter car model with two degrees of freedom (2 DOFs) subjected to random road profiles and single bump cases of triangular and sine-squared bumps. In conclusion, the obtained results show that the linear symmetric damper performs the same as that of the linear asymmetric one in terms of comprehensive performance when the vehicle is subjected to a random road profile. The ride comfort, the working space have been significantly improved in specific range of velocity in case of the linear asymmetric damper.
However, in general, slightly better performance has been obtained in case of the linear symmetric damper case. Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. iii TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Luận văn này nghiên cứu độ êm dịu của xe Samco Primas bằng mô hình động lực dạng ¼ xe với cả hai loại giảm chấn đối xứng và giảm chấn bất đối xứng. Ảnh hưởng của giảm chấn bất đối xứng đến độ êm dịu, an toàn và khả năng vận hành được nghiên cứu để hiểu rõ trước khi thực hiện quá trình thiết kế hệ thống treo của xe Samco Primas.
Đáp ứng động lực học của xe buýt với cả hai trường hợp giảm chấn đối xứng và bất đối xứng được phân tích dựa trên mô hình xe hai bậc tự do dưới tác dụng của mặt đường ngẫu nhiên, và hai loại đường tác dụng đột ngột dạng tam giác và bán bình phương hàm sin. Tóm lại, các kết quả thu được cho thấy rằng giảm chấn đối xứng cho khả năng vận hành tương tự như giảm chấn bất đối xứng trên mặt đường ngẫu. Độ êm dịu, không gian làm việc được cải thiện một cách đáng kể ở một số vùng vận tốc cụ thể trong trường hợp sử dụng giảm chấn bất đối xứng. Tuy nhiên, nhìn chung, giảm chấn đối xứng đem lại khả năng vận hành tốt hơn.
Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. iv ASSURANCE I am Dinh Duy LE, Master’s student of Department of Vehicle Engineering, Faculty of Transportation, class 2018, at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology. I guarantee that the information below is accurate: (i) I conducted all of the work for this research study by myself. (ii) This thesis uses actual, reliable, and highly precise sources for its references and citations.
(iii) The information and findings of this study were produced independently by me and honesty. Ho Chi Minh City, 07th July, 2022 Researcher, Lê Đình Duy Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ii TÓM TẮT LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ.
iv LIST OF FIGURES. vii LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Research findings and contributions .4 CHAPTER 2: THEORY AND SIMULATION MODEL.
Characteristics of linear asymmetric damper. Linear asymmetric damper model. Quarter car model. Random road profiles.
IIR filter design .30 Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. Runge-Kutta Method .33 CHAPTER 3: CALCULATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Analysis of evaluation indexes. Extended results with a transient road profile .50 DANH MỤC CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH KHOA HỌC.59 ❖ RANDOM_road_generate.60 ❖ RANDOM_Road_Profile.73 LÝ LỊCH TRÍCH NGANG .74 Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph.
vii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. An intercity bus Samco Primas. A rebound phase of a shock absorber [11]. Types of shock absorbers and basic structures [5].
Paramerers of Twin tube shock absorber [5]. Working principle of Mono-tube shock absorber [12]. The actual damping characteristic curve [12]. An experimental model to find the characteristics of shock absorbers [13].
Displacement of harmonic excitation ( u0 = 10 (mm), f = 0. Velocity of harmonic excitation ( u0 = 10 (mm), f = 0. A relationship between FD (v) and different velocity values [13]. The damping characteristic curve obtained from the experiment [12].
The force-velocity characteristics. Quarter car models [16]. Quarter car model and force diagram. Classification of roads, classes A to H [9].
A typical example of C-Class random road at velocity of 60 (km/h). Relationship between health and duration of acceleration value [10]. Frequency weighting curves [10]. Organization of MATLAB program files.
The sprung mass displacement in time domain at the vehicle’s velocity of 60 (km/h). The unsprung mass displacement in time domain at the vehicle’s velocity of 60 (km/h). The suspension dynamic deflection in time domain at the vehicle’s velocity of 60 (km/h) .37 Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. The sprung mass velocity in time domain at the vehicle’s velocity of 60 (km/h).
The sprung mass acceleration in time domain at the vehicle’s velocity of 60 (km/h). BVA versus class of road profiles at velocities of 10 and 60 (km/h). BVA in case of linear symmetric damper versus velocity. BVA versus velocity with two types of dampers.
TDL versus velocity with two types of dampers. SDD versus velocity with two types of dampers. A physical model of triangular bump. A physical model of sine-squared bump.
MBVA versus velocity with two types of dampers under GB/T excitation 45 Fig. MBVA versus velocity with two types of dampers under IRC excitation. MTDL versus velocity with two types of dampers under GB/T excitation 46 Fig. MTDL versus velocity with two types of dampers under IRC excitation.
MSDD versus velocity with two types of dampers under GB/T excitation 47 Fig. MSDD versus velocity with two types of dampers under IRC excitation .47 Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. ix LIST OF TABLES Table 2. Road roughness values categorized by ISO 8608 [17].
Road roughness in terms of spatial frequency [17]. Comfort reactions to vibration environments [10]. Parameters of the conversion function of frequency weighting [10]. IIR coefficients for weighting filter [25].
User-defined functions. The bus’s technical parameters. Evaluation indexes values in velocity domain with random road profile. Evaluation indexes values in velocity domain with a transient excitation .48 Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph.
x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS QCM: Quarter Car Model. RMS: Root-mean-square. BVA: Body’s Vibration Acceleration. TDL: Tire Dynamic Load.
SDD: Suspension Dynamic Deflection. MBVA: Maximum Body’s Vibration Acceleration. MTDL: Maximum Tire Dynamic Load. MSDD: Maximum Suspension Dynamic Deflection.
Instructor: Trần Hữu Nhân, Ph. Introduction When a vehicle is in motion, the suspension system is the most important part. This component is critical in ensuring the movement of the vehicle's structure and keeping the vehicle's connection to the road surface. Also, the vibrations sent from the road surface to the vehicle are absorbed thanks to the damper, so it plays a essential role in defining the passenger’s driving experience and comfort.
In Vietnam's economic development progress, the automobile is the best kind of transportation in many aspects compared to other types of transport due to its mobility. In fact, people's travel need comes mainly from the intercity bus because of their economy and speed. In the past, passengers mainly needed to go to their desired destination without caring about the quality of the vehicle, but now with socio-economic development, improving service quality is mandatory for every travel company, if they want to score points with customers. In particular, vehicle comfort is a key factor because many passengers easily get motion sickness when the bus runs on a bad road, especially children and the elderly.
All types of traffic participants are affected by vibration, especially users of vehicles (both drivers and passengers) on all means of transportation. In general, drivers of public transport are considered to be in dangerous working condition, which could threaten their health [1]. When compared to passenger vehicle drivers, long-distance bus drivers are impacted by higher intensity vibrations during their 8- hour working shifts [2]. As a consequence, vibration leads to a large number of serious effects (physiological and psychological illnesses), which are more noticeable, when it influences someone for a long period of time.