VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI ------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ MINH TÂM LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIP IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE CLAUSE COMPLEXES (SO SÁNH MỐI QUAN HỆ LOGIC-NGỮ NGHĨA TRONG TỔ HỢP CÚ TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT) Major: English Linguistics Code: 62 22 15 01 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF ENGLISH SUPERVISOR: PROF. HOÀNG VĂN VÂN HANOI -2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Rationale 1 Aims of the study 3 Significant of the study 3 Scope of the study 3 The research question 4 The research design, methodology, and data 4 The organization of the study 5 CHAPTER 1: SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS AND THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIP IN CLAUSE COMPLEXES 6 1. Systemic functional theory 6 1. Historical context of the emergence of systemic functional theory: a brief 6 overview 1.
Functional approach – a general description 9 1. Systemic functional linguistics 11 1. Text and context in the view of SFL 12 1. Review of related studies 20 1.
An overview of studies in Vietnamese grammar 20 1. SFL studies in other languages 22 1. The theoretical framework of logico-semantic relationship in clause 23 complexes 1. The notion of clause complex in the light of SFL 23 1.
What is a clause complex? 29 1. Where is the clause complex located in the overall linguistic 36 system? 1. How is the clause complex organized? 38 1. Analytical frameworks of logico-semantic relations in clause complexes 41 1.
Projection in clause complexes 41 1. Expansion in clause complexes 50 iv CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY, DATA, AND GENERALFINDINGS 59 2. Research question restated 59 2. Methods of the study 62 2.
Data collecting procedure 62 2. Corpus annotation and data processing 64 2. The computational tool 64 2. The process of annotating and processing the data 67 2.
Describing the data 71 2. Comparing the two groups of data 72 2.General findings 73 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: PROJECTION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE CLAUSE COMPLEXES 75 3. Projection in English Clause Complexes 75 3. How is projection realized in English Clause Complexes 75 3.
Projecting and projected clauses paratactically related 87 3. Projecting and projected clauses hypotactically related 88 3. How does Projection work in English clause complexes 90 3. How does quoting work in English clause complexes 90 3.
How does hypotactic reporting work in English clause 91 complexes 3. How does paratactic reporting work in English clause complexes 94 3. How does projection facilitate other linguistic phenomena in 96 English clause complexes 3. Projection in Vietnamese clause complexes 104 3.
How is projection realized in Vietnamese Clause Complexes 104 3. Projecting and projected clauses paratactically related 115 3. Projecting and projected clauses hypotactically related 117 3. How does projection work in Vietnamese clause complexes 118 3.
How does quoting work in Vietnamese clause complexes 118 v 3. How does hypotactic reporting work in English clause complexes 119 3. How does paratactic reporting work in English clause complexes 122 3. How does projection facilitate other linguistic phenomena in 124 English clause complexes 3.
Comparing logico-semantic relation of projection in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 130 3. Realization of projection in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 130 3. Projecting and projected clauses paratactically related 132 3. Projecting and projected clauses hypotactically related 133 3.
Operation of projection in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 133 3. Operation of quoting in English and Vietnamese clause 133 complexes 3. Operation of hypotactic reporting in English and Vietnamese 133 clause complexes 3. Operation of paratactic reporting in English and Vietnamese 134 clause complexes 3.
Projection in relation with other linguistic phenomena in English 134 and Vietnamese clause complexes 3. Summary 135 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: EXPANSION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE CLAUSE COMPLEXES 136 4. Expansion in English clause complexes 136 4. How is expansion realized in English clause complexes 136 4.
Conjunctions in English clause complexes of expansion 141 4. Expanding clause and expanded clause paratactically related 143 4. Expanding clause and expanded clause hypotactically related 145 4. How does expansion work in English clause complexes 147 4.
How does elaboration work in English clause complexes 147 4. How does extension work in English clause complexes 150 4. How does enhancement work in English clause complexes 152 4. How does expansion facilitate ellipsis in the clause complex 155 4.
Expansion in Vietnamese clause complexes 160 4. How is expansion realized in Vietnamese clause complexes 160 vi 4. Conjunctions in Vietnamese clause complexes of 164 expansion 4. Expanding clause and expanded clause paratactically 168 related 4.
Expanding clause and expanded clause hypotactically 170 related 4. How does expansion work in English clause complexes 172 5. How does elaboration work in English clause complexes 172 5. How does extension work in English clause complexes 175 5.
How does enhancement work in English clause complexes 178 5. How does expansion facilitate ellipsis in the clause complex 180 4.Comparing the logico-semantic relation of expansion in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 186 4. Comparing the realization of expansion in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 186 4. Expanding clause and expanded clause paratactically related 188 4.
Expanding clause and expanded clause hypotactically related 189 4. Comparing the operation of expansion in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 189 4. Elaboration in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 189 4. Extension in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 190 4.
Enhancement in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 190 4. Expansion and ellipsis in English and Vietnamese clause complexes 191 CONCLUSION 192 THESIS-RELATED PUBLICATION 202 BIBLIOGRAPHY 203 SOURCES OF DATA 210 vii LIST OF FIGURES Fig.1: ―Systemic‖ means making choice in a network 14 Fig 2: The Stratification 15 Fig. 3: The View of the Grammar so far, Relative to Expansion by Metafunction and 16 Rank Fig. 4: Metafunctions as manifested in the system network of the clause 19 Fig.
5: Rank-based Constituency (Matthiessen & Halliday 24 Fig. 6: The Rank scale 25 Fig. Delicacy in relation to the metafunctions of language and rank 26 Fig. Univariate and Multivariate Structure 27 Fig.
9: Three lines of meanings in a clause – 1 29 Fig. 10: Three lines of meanings in a clause – 2 30 Fig. 11: Combining clauses into clause complex 31 Fig. 12: The rank of the clause complex 33 Fig.
13: The Location of Clause Complex in the Overall Linguistic System 38 Fig. 14: Clauses in paratactic and hypotactic clause complexes 39 Fig. 15: The Logico-semantic Relations 40 Fig.16: Positions of Projecting Clauses 42 Fig.17: Speech Functions of Projected Clauses 43 Fig. 18: Clause Moods of Projected Clauses 44 Fig.
Paratactic Reporting 44 Fig. Hypotactic Projection 45 Fig. 21: Projecting Processes and Mood of Projected Clause in Combination 46 viii Fig. 22: Projecting Processes in Quoting and Hypotactic Reporting 47 Fig.
23: The framework of projection in clause complexes 49 Fig. 24: Possible Positions of Expanding Clauses 51 Fig.25: An Analysis of a Clause complex of Expansion 51 Fig. 26: Clause Moods of Expanded Clauses 52 Fig. 27: Expanding and Expanded Clauses Paratactically Related 53 Fig.
28: Meaning of some Verbal Hypotactic Expanding Markers 54 Fig. 29: Modes of Elaborating Relation 55 Fig. 30: Modes of Extending Relation 56 Fig. 31: Modes of Enhancement 56 Fig.
32: The Framework of Expansion in Clause Complexes 58 Fig. 33: Overview of the analysis process in SysFan 66 Fig. 34: Chunking a group into clause complexes 68 Fig. 35: Chunking a clause complex into clauses 69 Fig.
36: Seven possible levels of chunking clause complexes 69 Fig. 37: Labeling the clauses in analysis 70 Fig.38: Distribution maps of clause complex relation types 71 Fig. 39: Complex Combination of Clauses – 1 124 Fig. 40: Complex Combination of Clauses - 2 125 Fig.41: The multi-function expanded clause in English 140 Fig.42: A Multi-function Expanded Clause in Vietnamese 163 ix LIST OF SYMBOLS SYMBOLS MEANING OF SYMBOLS || clause divider ||| complex divider ^ clause conjunction α , β, Ɣ … hypotactic related clauses 1, 2, 3,… paratactic related clauses ‟ Idea ” Locution.
Proposition ! Proposal + Extension = Elaboration x Enhancement […] Embedding x INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Over the years, functional approach has had a significant impact on the study of grammar. This theoretical approach tries to incorporate meaning, function, context, and grammatical categories. Funtionalism has been developed by many functional grammarians like Dik (1978), Halliday (1985, 1994), Bloor (1994), Eggins (1994), Thompson (1996), Lock (1997), Martin (1997), VanValin and LaPolla (1997), Matthiessen (2002), and many others.
Different functional theories have emerged, representing a great range of theoretical opinion, but the central theme of the functionalist theories is: functional motivation is an alternative to innateness. Linguistic theories which reject the syntactocentric or formal view and adopt the communication and cognition perspective include Functional Grammar (Dik, 1978, 1991), Systemic Functional Grammar (Halliday 1994), Role and Reference Grammar (RRG; VanValin and LaPolla 1997), Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG; Bresnan 2001), etc. Unlike the linguistic theory that is still the received tradition in school, functionalism takes the resource perspective rather than the rule perspective; and it is designed to display the overall system of grammar rather than only fragments. It wishes to be a theory which is 'functional' in at least three different, though interrelated senses: i.
It takes a functional view on the nature of language; ii. It attaches primary importance to functional relations at different levels in the organization of language; iii. It wishes to be practically applicable to the analysis of different aspects of language and language use. Functional theories can be described in three groups: extreme, moderate and conservative, all are common in basically a rejection of the syntactocentric view of formalists and a recognition of the importance of the communicative factors, cognitive factors or both in grammatical theory and analysis.
Among the three, systemic functional grammar (SFL) belongs to the moderate group. Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) is an approach to language developed mainly by M. Halliday in the UK and later in Australia. This approach has its origin in the main intellectual tradition of European linguistics that developed following the work of Saussure.
Its primary source was the work of J. Firth (1957) and his colleagues in London, who defines ―system‖ in systemic functional linguistics, as, in its technical sense, the ―theoretical representation of paradigmatic relations, contrasted 1 with ―structure‖ for syntagmatic relations‖, and who characterizes systemic theory as the theory in which the system takes priority, the most abstract representation at any level is in paradigmatic terms. As well as other schools of thought in Europe such as glossemantics, this theory also draws on American anthropological linguistics, and on traditional and modern linguistics as developed in China. While American-style linguistics evolved in the modeling of the world‘s languages, SFL was developed to address the need of language teaching and learning.
A significant milestone in the development of this theory is when it was wholly developed in the work on the grammar of Chinese by Halliday (1956); and it has been used in educational and computational contexts from an early stage. With the primary goal of addressing the needs of language teaching / learning, systemic functional grammar (SFG), the theory of grammar in the light of SFL, lays an emphasis on the functions of language - what language is used for. Although SFG is a theory of grammar, it focuses more on the meaning, not the pure form of what is said like what formalists have long been doing. Since 1980, SFL has been expanded considerably in various directions; further studies have been devoted to languages other than English, notably Chinese, French, Indonesian, Japanese and some other Asian and African languages.
It has not been of much popular use in Vietnam studies of grammar.