i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY DUONG NGOC HONG THE IMPACTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE, MEDIATING ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION THE CASE OF VIETNAM Major : Business Administration Code : 9340101 DISSERTATION Academic Advisors: 1. Nguyen Dong Phong 2. Bui Thanh Trang Ho Chi Minh City – 2022 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS. ii LIST OF FIGURES .viii LIST OF TABLES.2 Overview of social sustainability in Vietnam .5 Research methodology and data collection.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT .1 Current status of sustainable development in Vietnam .1 Vietnam’s 17 sustainable development goals .2 The importance of sustainable development .3 Supply chain sustainable development in Vietnam .2 A systematic review of recent literatures in the social sustainability domain 23 2.1 The systematic review process .2 A classification framework for analysis. 25 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.1 Supply chain social sustainability .2 Social sustainability practices .2 Supply chain integration .3 Supply chain risk management .4 Sustainable supply chain management.2 Supply chain management .3 Sustainable supply chain management.5 Supply chain performance.1 Stakeholder theory view .2 Dynamic capabilities view .3 Stakeholder resource-based view .6 Proposed research model. 69 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Cronbach’s Alpha testing .3 Ethics in primary research .1 The core principles of research ethics .2 The practices of research ethics .4 The main study .3 Participants and data collection .4 The quality of the research model. DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS, AND DISCUSSIONS.3 Reliability and discriminant validity .1 First-order constructs .2 Second-order constructs .4 Common method bias .5 Hypothesized model testing .1 The repeated indicators approach.
115 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 The two-stage approach .6 The results of PLS-SEM .2 The direct effects .3 The mediation effects .5 Multi-group analysis .7 Summary results of hypotheses testing. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS .1 Implications for managers .2 Implications for policy-makers .4 Limitations and future research. 201 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Notation Full Definition AVE Average Variance Extracted CB-SEM Covariance-Based SEM CICT Corrected Item Correlation CMB Common Method Bias CR Composite Reliability CUPF Customer Performance DCB Dynamic Capabilities View EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis EQUI Equity ETHI Ethics HEWE Health & Welfare HTMT Heterotrait-Monotrait HURI Human Rights ICU Customer Integration INTE Internal Integration ISP Supplier Integration MGA Multi Group Analysis NGOs Non-Government Organizations PLS-SEM Partial Least Squares SEM RBV Resource Based View SAFE Safety SCP Supply Chain Performance SCSS Supply Chain Social Sustainability SCI Supply Chain Integration SCM Supply Chain Management SME Small Medium Enterprise SRBV Stakeholder Resource Based View SSCM Sustainable Supply Chain Management LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii Notation Full Definition STV Stakeholder Theory View SUPF Supplier Performance TBL Triple Bottom Line VIF Variance Inflation Factor VRIN Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Non-Substitutable WOS Web of Science LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - 17 sustainable development goals in Vietnam. 17 Figure 2 - Articles selection process.
24 Figure 3 - SSCS articles based on the year of publication. 26 Figure 4 - Classification according to publishers. 26 Figure 5 - Distribution of articles based on journals. 27 Figure 6 - Classification according to survey country.
28 Figure 7 - Classification according to research areas. 29 Figure 8 - Classification according to authors. 30 Figure 9 - The keywords co-occurrence network (from 2009 – 2015). 31 Figure 10 - The keywords co-occurrence network (from 2016 – 2021).
32 Figure 11 - Sustainable Supply Chain Management. 51 Figure 12 - The model of Mani et al. 60 Figure 13 - Proposed research model. 68 Figure 14 - Research process.
70 Figure 15 - The repeated indicators approach. 117 Figure 16 - The two-stage approach. 119 Figure 17 - PLS-SEM Results. 138 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Existing literature reviews in SCSS domain.
33 Table 2 - Definitions of Sustainable Supply Chain Management. 49 Table 3 - Existing Literature Reviews relevant to Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Integration, and Supply Chain Performance. 52 Table 4 - Summarization of proposed hypotheses. 67 Table 5 - Pilot test.
73 Table 6 - Factor analysis, Reliability test. 79 Table 7 - Final questionnaire. 91 Table 8 - PLS-SEM vs CB-SEM. 98 Table 9 - Sample characteristics.
100 Table 10 - Descriptive statistics. 103 Table 11 - Outer loadings (1st order). 105 Table 12 - Outer loadings (1st order) continued. 106 Table 13 - Outer loadings (2nd order).
106 Table 14 - Construct Reliability and Validity. 108 Table 15 - Correlations between Research Constructs (Fornell-Larcker Criterion). 109 Table 16 - Correlations between Research Constructs (Fornell-Larcker Criterion – continued). 110 Table 17 - Correlations between Research Constructs (HTMT).
111 Table 18 - Correlations between Research Constructs (HTMT – continued). 112 Table 19 - Common method bias checking. 113 Table 20 - R-Square values. 120 Table 21 - f-square values.
121 Table 22 - Q-square values. 123 Table 23 - PLS-SEM (The direct effects). 124 Table 24 - PLS-SEM (The mediation effects). 126 Table 25 - Company’s operation time.
127 Table 26 - Robust tests (Company’s operation time). 127 Table 27 - Company’s capital investment. 128 Table 28 - Robust tests (Company’s capital investment). 128 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com x Table 29 - MGA (Manufacturing vs Other industries).
130 Table 30 - Bootstrapping Results (Manufacturing vs Transportation). 132 Table 32 - Bootstrapping Results (Vendors vs Warehouses/Transportation). 133 Table 33 - Summary of hypothesis testing results. 134 Table 34 - Harman’s single factor test (CMB).
200 Table 35 - Rotated component matrix. 201 Table 36 - KMO and Bartlett’s Test. 202 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1 ABSTRACT Problem: The importance of sustainability in the supply chain has steadily risen in recent decades as a result of the growing awareness on the social issues. In order to achieve sustainability successfully, set out by the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam on sustainable development, the Government has issued the “Orientation for sustainable development of the country”.
Reason for writing: is to examine the relationship between supply chain social sustainability and supply chain performance, as well as explore the mediating role of supply chain integration on this relationship. Methods: PLS-SEM model is developed to identify the impacts of sustainability on performance outcomes and the mediating role of supply chain integration. The author received 428 responses from small, medium and large companies located in Vietnam, and after filtering, 408 responses were used for further analysis. Results: This finding showed that sustainability impacts significantly on integration and performance in the supply chain.
Moreover, the result indicates that supplier integration and internal integration mediate the relationship between social sustainability practices and supply chain performance, while customer integration mediation role was not found significant. Conclusion: This result proves that social sustainability practices can link all the stakeholders and enhance collaboration in the supply chain. In addition, performance outcomes can be increased by implementing social sustainability practices. To maintain sustainable development, firms should embrace values of sustainability to improve the well-being, working condition, safety and healthcare of their employees and their strategic partners as well as the advancement of local society.
Key-words: Supply chain social sustainability, Supply chain integration, Supply chain performance, PLS-SEM, Vietnam. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 TÓM TẮT Lý do lựa chọn đề tài nghiên cứu: Trong những năm gần đây, tại các nước phát triển, quản lý chuỗi cung ứng bền vững đạt được sự chú ý đáng kể trong các công ty đa quốc gia và giới học thuật. Việt Nam là quốc gia cam kết mạnh mẽ trong việc thực hiện các mục tiêu phát triển bền vững thông qua việc ban hành Định hướng chiến lược phát triển bền vững vào năm 2004 tại Đại hội đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ IX. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu này trình bày mối liên hệ giữa phát triển bền vững về mặt xã hội và hiệu quả hoạt động trong quản lý chuỗi cung ứng tại Việt Nam, với biến trung gian là sự liên kết trong chuỗi cung ứng.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô hình PLS-SEM được áp dụng nhằm xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển bền vững về mặt xã hội và mối liên hệ giữa phát triển bền vững với sự liên kết và hiệu quả hoạt động trong quản lý chuỗi cung ứng. Tác giả đã nhận được 428 câu trả lời từ nhân viên và quản lý đến từ các công ty nhỏ, vừa và lớn tại Việt Nam; sau khi sàn lọc, 408 câu trả lời được sử dụng để phân tích. Kết quả nghiên cứu: chứng minh rằng phát triển bền vững về mặt xã hội có tác động tích cực đến sự liên kết giữa các thành viên trong chuỗi cung ứng, đồng thời nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động trong chuỗi cung ứng. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu cũng mở rộng khái niệm phát triển bền vững và nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của phát triển bền vững trong bối cảnh “bình thường mới” tại Việt Nam.
Kết luận và hàm ý: đưa ra những khuyến nghị cho các nhà quản lý về việc lập kế hoạch và phát triển doanh nghiệp theo hướng bền vững trong chiến lược kinh doanh. Để đạt được các kết quả trên, nhà quản lý cần phải quan tâm đến an toàn lao động, sức khỏe, phúc lợi và điều kiện làm việc của nhân viên cũng như các đối tác. Từ khóa: Phát triển bền vững về mặt xã hội, Sự liên kết trong chuỗi cung ứng, Hiệu quả hoạt động trong chuỗi cung ứng, PLS-SEM, Việt Nam. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
INTRODUCTION This chapter aims to introduce the research background and present research gaps. Firstly, this chapter postulates research objectives and related research questions based on the identified research gap. Next, the research methodology and scope are described. Finally, expected research contributions are introduced in academic and practical ways.1 Research background The last decade has witnessed the emergence of sustainability, one of the most critical business concerns in a firm’s supply chain.
Many firms have realized that it may go wrong if the supply chain is ignored when facing global sustainability challenges (Cherrafi, Garza-Reyes, Kumar, Mishra, Ghobadian, & Elfezazi, 2018). Moreover, due to the advanced consciousness among collaborators of the local society and environment, the importance of social sustainability in the supply chain has regularly increased (Schmidt, Foerstl, & Schaltenbrand, 2017). According to Bergman, Bergman, & Berger (2017), sustainability means satisfying today’s demands without endangering the needs of future generations. Additionally, many researchers have investigated whether enhancing sustainability practices in a firm’s supply chain is essential to developing supply chain performance (Singh & Trivedi, 2016; Winter & Knemeyer, 2013).
In addition, famous global brands such as Adidas, H&M, Nestle, and Coca-Cola have gradually moved forward to build a more sustainable supply chain. They are controlling the adherence of their strategic stakeholders and developing their ability to identify social, economic, and environmental issues in focal companies (Nicolăescu, Alpopi, & Zaharia, 2015). According to the triple bottom lines, managers should improve the relationship between economic, social, and environmental activities to achieve sustainability and high performance in their supply chain (Sánchez-Hernández, Vázquez-Burguete, García-Miguélez, & Lanero-Carrizo, 2021). In other words, these activities mentioned above must be integrated into the company’s final strategies; also, managers should encourage other members in their supply chain to contribute to the LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.